NCLEX Adult Renal System
Risk factors associated with pyelonephritis include
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal calcuili, chronic cystitis, structural abnormalitiies of the urinary tract, presence of urinary stones, and indwelling or frequen urinary catheterization
The diet for the client with acute glomerulonephritis is generally
high in calories and low in protein. sodium MAY be limited. No specific recommendations for fiber, potassium or magnesium food types
A nurse is admitting a client with chronic renal failure (CRF) to the nursing unit. The nurse monitors the client for which frequent cardiovascular sign that occurs in CRF
hypertension is the most common cardiovascular finding in the client with CRF
Normal Potassium level in blood
3.5-5mEQ/L
BUN (blood ureas nirtogen test) is often used to determine what
renal function.
what is peritonitis
Peritonitis is a bacterial or fungal infection of the peritoneum, a silk-like membrane that lines your inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within your abdomen. Peritonitis can result from any rupture (perforation) in your abdomen, or as a complication of other medical conditions
what is urolithiasis
stones present in the urinary tract (i.e., the kidneys, bladder, and/or urethra). Predisposing factors include dehydration and high uric acid (increased by some medications). Also called nephrolithiasis
S&S of disequilibrim syndrome
vomiting and headaches, confusion, restlessness, twitching,muscle cramps, seizures
Normal Blood SOdium Level
135-145mEQ/L
After renal biopsy the nurse ensures that the client stays in bed for at least
24 hours
Hyperkalemia will occur along metabolic acidosis because the cells will draw hydrogen into the cell and in exchange will push potassium out of the cell into the blood. What is normal potassium level
3.5-5 mEq/l
what is Enalapril
Enalapril is a drug that is used for treating high blood pressure
Involved in muscle contractions, especially the heart
potassium
A nurse is caring for a client with epididymitis. THe nurse avoids which of the following treatemnt modalities in the care of the client bedres sitz bath heating pad scrotal elevation
heating pad
A client is seen in the health care clinic and acute phyelonephritis is expected. The nurse reviews the client's record and would expect to note which associated signs and symptoms documented
high fever chills vomiting flank pain on affected side with costovertebral angle tendrness general weakness headache
A nurse is assigned to care for a client who has returned to the nursing unit following left nephrectomy. The nurse places the highest priority on monitoring which of the following
highest priority is monitoring hourly urine output and the second thing to do is monitor vitals signs
A nurse is monitoring an 88 year old woman suspected of having a UTI for signs of infection. Which of the following would alert the nurse to the possibillity of the presence of a UTI
in an older client, the only symptom of a UTI may be something as vague as increasing mental confusion or frequent unexplained falls
Specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of particles in the urine. NOrmal range is what
1.005 to 1.030
A nurse is assiting in planning a diet for the client with actue renal failure (ARF). the nurse plans to restrict which of the following dietary components from this client's diet
in renal failre, potassium intake MUST be restricted as much as possible (30-50 mEq/day)
A client who has a cold is seen in the ER with inability to void. B/C the client has a Hx of beingn prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) the nurse question the cient about what medication
in the client with BPH episodes or urinary retention can be triggered by certain medications such as decongestants, aniticholinergics, antidepressants
TURP syndrome (transurethral resection of the prostate) is caused by what
increase absorption of nonelectrolyte irrigatin fluid usedduring surgery. Onset of the syndrome would include bradycardia and confusion
what precaution follow a renal scan
no special precaution, exept wear gloves if coming into contact with the client's urine
when drainage from cather becomes cloudy, peritonitis is suspected. what should be done by nurse
notify RN to obtain a C&S of the drainage
What condition places the client at risk for developing acute postrenal failure
postrenal failure is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract. Some causes of obstruction include calculi, tumors, prostatic hypertrophy, or strictures, wich impede the normal flow of urine
Dietary needs of client with chronic renal failure
protein restriction usually restricted to 40g of daily protein restriction avoid salt, a salt substitue is not okay avoid too much caffeine milk is not ok a bage is ok avoid eggs avoid salt, soy sauce
After renal biopsy the nurse ensures that the patient:
remains in bed for at least 24 hours. take vital signs and inspect puncture site often.encourage fluids to reduce possible clot formation in the kidney and urinary tract. a hematest evalutes bleeding. Analgesics are often needed
what is a nephrectomy
removal of kidney
A client has been diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The nurse interprets that which of the following health problems has placed the client at risk for this disorder
risk factors include Diabete Mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal calculi, chronic cystits, structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, urinary stones, indwelling or frequent urinary catherization
what is a cystourethrogram
A cystourethrogram is an X-ray test that takes pictures of your bladder and urethra while your bladder is full and while you are urinating. A thin flexible tube (urinary catheter ) is inserted through your urethra into your bladder. A liquid material that shows up well on an X-ray picture (contrast material) is injected into your bladder through the catheter, then X-rays are taken with the contrast material in your bladder. More X-rays may be taken while urine flows out of your bladder, in which case the test is called a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected acute renal failure. Which of the following findings support a diagnosis of acute intrarenal failure
urine analysis positive for casts and cellular debris
Individuals with polycystic disease
waste rather that retain sodium. Thus they need an increased sodium and water intake. aggressive control of hypertension is essential, gentic counseling is advisable because of the hereditary nature of the disease
what is a cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is a procedure used to see inside your urinary bladder and urethra — the tube that carries urine from your bladder to the outside of your body. During a cystoscopy (sis-TOS-kuh-pee) procedure, your doctor uses a hollow scope (cystoscope) equipped with a lens to carefully examine the lining of your bladder and your urethra. The cystoscope is inserted into your urethra and slowly advanced into your bladder.
what is epididymitis
Epididymitis is an inflammation of the coiled tube (epididymis) at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. Pain and swelling are the most common signs and symptoms of epididymitis. Males of any age can get epididymitis, but it's most common in men between the ages of 20 and 39.
What is an epdidymitis
Epididymitis is swelling (inflammation) of the epididymis, the tube that connects the testicle with the vas deferens.
what is glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-lo-nuh-FRY-tis) is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. Also called glomerular disease, glomerulonephritis can be acute — a sudden attack of inflammation — or chronic — coming on gradually.
what is phyelonephritis
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys
what is peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (per-ih-tuh-NEE-ul di-AL-uh-sis) is a way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do the job adequately. During peritoneal dialysis, blood vessels in your abdominal lining (peritoneum) fill in for your kidneys, with the help of a fluid (dialysate) that flows into and out of the peritoneal space.
A client with acute renal failure(ARF) has been treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) by mouth. The nurse evalutes this therapy as effective if which of the following values is noted on follow-up laboratory testing 1.potassium 4.9 mEq/L 2.Sodium 142 mEq/L 3.Phosphorus 3.9 mg/dl 4.Calcium 9.8 mg/L
Potassium 4.9 mEq/L potassium level rises in acute renal failure the normal potassium level is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L
what is prostatitis
Prostatitis is swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland located directly below the bladder in men. The prostate gland produces fluid (semen) that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostatitis often causes painful or difficult urination. Other symptoms of prostatitis include pain in the groin, pelvic area or genitals, and sometimes, flu-like symptoms.
A nures is assiting in planning a teaching session with a female client diagnosed with urethritis caused by infection with chlamydia. The nurse would plan to include what in teaching
The most serious complication of chlamydial infection is sterility. The infection can be prevented with use of condoma. May be treated with doxycycline or azithromycin(Zithromax). All sexual partners during last 30 days should be notified and examined
A client is being evaluated as a potential kidney donor for a family member. The donor asks the nurse why a different team of people other than the team working with the potentioal recipient is doing the evaluation. In formulating a response the nurse understands that this is being done to
avoid a conflict of interest by the team evaluating the recipient and the team evaluating the donor
what is urethritis
Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptom is painful or difficult urination.
what is renal colic
When sufferers refer to the excruciating pain of a kidney stone attack, they are actually referring to a condition known as renal colic
A client arrives at the ambulatory care clinic with low abdominal pain. A routine urine specimen reveals hematuria. The client does not have fever. The nurse should next ask the client what
about any blow or trauma to the bladder or abdomean.
A client who suffured a crush injury to the leg has a highly positive urine myoglobin level. (normal urine myoglobin level is negative) The nurse plans to monitor this particular client carefully for signs of
acute tubular necrosis
What is allowed in an alkaline-ask diet
all fruits EXCPET cranberries, prunes, and plums
An alkaline-ash diet is prescribed for the client with renal calcul. what food is allowed
all fruits are allowed except cranberries, prunes, and plums
A nurse is reviewing the client's record and notes that the physician has documented that the client had a renal disorder. ON review of the laboratory results, the nurse would most likely expect to note which of the following
an elevatd blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
A client with chronic renal failure who is scheduled for hemodialysis this morning is due to receive a daily does of enalapril (Vasotec) The nurse should plan to administer this medication when
antihypertensive medications such as enalpril are given to the client follwing hemodialyis
What are some common interventions used in the treatment of epidymitis
bedrest ice packs antibiotics analgesics elevation of the scrotum DO NOT USE HEAT it can increase swelling
Following a renal biopsy, the client complains of pain at the biopsy site, which radiates to the front of the abdomen. Based on this complaint, the nurse further monitors the client for what
bleeding
TURP syndrome is caused by increased absorption of nonelectrolyte irrigating fluid used during surgery. The client may show signs of what
cerebral edems and increased intracrancial pressure such as increased BP, bradycardia, confusion, disorientation, muscle twitching, visual disturbances, nausea, and vomitting
A client's kidneys are retaining greater amount of sodium. The nurse anticipates that the kidney are also retaining greater amounts of
chloride and bicarbonate. Sodium is a cation. WHen there is increased retention of sodium, the kidney also had increased reabsorption of chloride and bicarbonate which are anions
The use of peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure would be contrainicated for which client
client with severe emphysema
A client with acute glomerulonephritis has a urinalysis sent to lab. The report reveals that there is hematuria and proteinuria in the urine. The nurse interprets that these results are
consistent with glomerulonephrits
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has had benign protatic hyperplasia(BPH) in the past. To determine if the client is currently experiencing exacerbation of BPH, the nurse asks the client about the presence of which early symptom
decreased force in the stream of urine is an early sign of BPH. The stream later becomes weak and dribbling. The client may develop hematuria, frequency, urge incontinecne, and nocturia. If untreated complete obstruction and urinary retention can occur
A client is schedulted for intraveonous pyelography (IVP) before the test the priority nursing action would be to:
determine a history of allergies
A nures notes that a client's urinalysis contains a notation of positive red blood cells. The nurse interprets that this finding is unrelated to which of the following items that is part of the client's medical record
diabetes mellitus. It does not cause hematuria
A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse collects data from the client, knowing that which of the following are manifestations of the disorder
dysuria and penile discharge
a nurse is caring for a client with epidiymitis. The nurse anticipates which of the following fidings on data collection
fever nausea and vomiting and painful scrotal edema
describe potassium
found in large qualities in intracellular fluids. Sources include banana, tomatoes,potatoes, K+
Describe Sodium
found in large quantities in extracellular fluid, source:table salt and processed foods, Na+, main function to mainatin fluid balance
the spouse of a client with acute renal failure secondary to hear failure asks the nurse how this could happen . The nurse plans to base her response in part on the fact that the kidneys
generally require and receive about 20% ti 25% of the resting cardiac output
remember
glomerulonephritis and pyelonephirties would be accompanied by fever b/c they are infections. renal cancer would cause pain in the flank but not lower abdomen
A nurse if performing an admission assessment on a cient with a diagnosis of bladder cancer. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to note on data collection of this client
groos painless hematuria is most frequently the first manifestation of bladder cancer.
A client newly diagnosed with chronic renal failure has recently begun hemodialysis. Knowing that the client is at risk for disequilibrium syndrome, the nurse monitors the client during dialysis for:
headache mental confusion nausea vomiting possible seizure activity deteriotating level of consciousness twitching
