NCM 109 - PRE-FINALS REVIEWER

What could be the possible reasons why children positive to tubercle bacilli have multidrug resistance to TB drugs? 1. TB drugs are of poor quality. 2. Pediatric client do not complete the TB full course of treatment. 3. Supply of TB drugs are always available. 4. Health care provider prescribed wrong treatment dose and length of time for taking TB drugs. A. 1,2,4 B. 1,2,3 C. 2,3,4 D. 1,2,3,4

A. 1,2,4

Which of the following is an example of a basic nervous system function? a. Sweating during a yoga class. b. Feeling afraid of the dark. c. Learning English as a second language. d. Remembering a painful experience

a. Sweating during a yoga class

Which of the following happens when there is presence of brain edema? 1. Increased capillary permeability 2. Increased capillary pressure 3. Arteriolar dilatation 4. Increased cerebral blood flow A. 123 B. 1234 C. 12 D. All of the above.

1,2,3

What is the flow rate in mL per hour if the doctor ordered 40 mEq KCL in 100 mL NS over 45 minutes? 133ml 66ml 75ml

133ml

How many pairs of spinal nerves does a normal adult has? A. 31 Pairs B. None of the above C. 12 D. 62

31 pairs

Following a renal biopsy, the nurse places the child in bed rest for 24 hours with no bathroom privileges. The mother is asking the nurse the importance of this. The nurse answers that: A. Bed rest will ensure that the skin will not be disturbed during activity and decrease bleeding tendencies. B. Bed rest will ensure that the general anesthesia will wear off first prior to any dangerous activity C. Bed rest will ensure that the child will not experience dizziness and nausea during any active play. D. Bed rest will ensure the child will have adequate rest and promote timely healing.

A. Bed rest will ensure that the skin will not be disturbed during activity and decrease bleeding tendencies. (sabe ni carly D. Bed rest will ensure the child will have adequate rest and promote timely healing.)

Which of the following medication for nephrotic syndrome addressed problems with edema? A. Cyclophosphamide B. Mycophenolate Mofetil C. Furosemide (lasix) D. Prednisone

A. Cyclophosphamide

Given the GFR what stage of CKD is the patient most likely to be diagnosed with? GFR 75mL/min 1.73m2 A. G2 B. G3A C. G5 D. G3B

A. G2

During nephrotic syndrome in children, thromboembolism results from? A. Increased clotting factors due to kidney failure B. Abnormalities of the immune system regulation C. Decreased circulating blood plasma due to oncotic pressure changes D. Lack of intrinsic heparin production due to impaired protein synthesis

A. Increased clotting factors due to kidney failure

What assessment finding after tonsillectomy is a priority for the nurse to take action immediately? A. Increasing pulse rate and respiratory rate B. Frequent swallowing of blood C. Feeling of anxiousness of client D. Decreasing blood pressure.

A. Increasing pulse rate and respiratory rate

A school child complained of sudden onset of fever and was diagnosed with influenza. After 2 days, the client had inflammation of the muscle with muscle fatigue and weakness. What is the term used for this complication of influenza? A. Myositis B. Otitis media C. Reye's syndrome D. Fever

A. Myositis

What is the rationale behind a newborn being very susceptible to infection? A. Newborn produces very little mucus in the upper respiratory tract. B. Newborn are nose breather till 4 weeks of age. C. Newborn have very small nasal passages. D. Infants are born with maxillary and ethmoid sinuses.

A. Newborn produces very little mucus in the upper respiratory tract.

These are important in taking the assessment of pediatric client with respiratory dysfunction. Which one is not included? A. Treatment used at home B. Health history C. Laboratory and diagnostic test D. Physical examination

A. Treatment used at home

Calcium is required for all of the following except ___. A. Muscle contraction B. Nerve conduction C. All of these require calcium D. Blood clotting

ALL OF THESE REQUIRE CALCIUM

Which of the ff. Accurately describes the direction of an impulse moving through a neuron that carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? A. An efferent neuron, impulse moving proximally B. An efferent neuron, impulse moving distally C. An afferent neuron, impulse moving proximally D. An afferent neuron, impulse moving distally.

An afferent neuron, impulse moving proximally.

The mother asks the nurse why children develops hypoxemia more rapidly than adults when they are in respiratory distress. What is the best response of the nurse? 1. Children have higher metabolic rate than adult. 2. Children's respiratory rate are faster than adult. 3. Children's demands for O2 is lower than adult. 4. Children's demands for 02 is higher than adult. A. 1,2 B. 1,2,4 C. 1,2,3,4 D. 1,2,3

B. 1,2,4

What laboratory test provides information regarding lung function, lung adequacy, and tissue perfusion? A. Chest X-ray B. ABGs C. Culture and sesntivity D. Pulse oximterer

B. ABGs

In administering lung surfactant to premature baby with hyaline membrane disease, how will the nurse administer the drug? A. Intradermal B. Intramuscular C. Intratracheal D. Intravenous

C. Intratracheal

Which of the ff. Is an example of lower motor neuron dysfunction? A. An individual is told to relax her body. Despite attempts to relax, she experiences repeated, uncontrollable muscle spasticity. B. An individual is told to lift her left arm, and she has difficulty doing so. Her left arm appears shriveled and shorter than her right arm. C. An individual sits in a relaxed position with her knee partially flexed. When her foot is pulled upward, the individual involuntarily and rhythmically moves her foot up and down. D. A metal object is dragged along the bottom of an individual's foot and her toes go into extension away from the bottom of her foot.

B. An individual is told to lift her arm, and she has difficulty doing so. Her left arm appears shriveled and shorter than her right arm.

The mother of a child with chronic asthma asked the nurse why her child's rib cage is round just like a barrel chest? What is the best response of the nurse? A. Barrel chest is due to infection resulting to hyperthermia. B. Barrel chest is due to inability of the child to fully aerate the lungs. C. Barrel chest is due to overinflation of air in the alveoli with CO2 trapping. D. Barrel chest is due to acute feeling of suffocation.

B. Barrel chest is due to inability of the child to fully aerate the lungs.

A child who has diarrhea for 2 days with 8 watery bowel movements was admitted in the pediatric ward for fluid resuscitation. Her mother was anxious and appears confused on what is happening. Which of the folliwng nursign daignosis would the nurse prioritize? A. Impaired urinary elimination B. Deficient fluid volume C. Risk for imbalanced fluid volume D. Anxiety

B. Deficient fluid volume

A preschool child is suffering from acute nasopharyngitis. Upon assessment the child's fever is 39 degree C. What will be the prioritized action of the nurse? A. Restrict activity of the child B. Give prescribed acetaminophen syrup C. Instruct parents to report symptoms of infection D. Administer mist vaporizer

B. Give prescribed acetaminophen syrup

Which among the defenses of the respiratory system is responsible for removing and destroying microorganism by phagocytes, enzymes, and immunoglobulins? A. Lymphatics B. Humoral defenses C. Cough D. Ciliary action

B. Humoral defenses

Which of the following nursing diagnosis would the nurse prioritize to a newborn with inflamed and dry bladder exthrophy awaiting surgery schedule? A. Deficient knowledge B. Impaired skin integrity C. Risk for infection D. Impaired urinary elimination

B. Impaired skin integrity

Which among these nursing diagnoses is a priority for pediatric client with respiratory problems? A. Fear related to suffocation B. Ineffective airway clearance related accumulation of secretions C. Alteration in nutrition less than D. Risk for infection related to decrease immune response.

B. Ineffective airway clearance related accumulation of secretions

The following are structures of the respiratory system. Which one is not included in the lower airway? A. Trachea B. Larynx C. Bronchi D. Alveoli

B. Larynx

The assigned nurse in the recovery room received from operating room health personnel, a pediatric client who had undergone tonsillectomy. She should place the not fully awake client in what position? A. Lithotomy position B. Side-lying position C. Semi fowlers position D. Sitting position

B. Side-lying position

In the different stages of LTB, which one will make the pedia client in danger causing the child to be int he life threatening situation? A. Stage II B. Stage IV C. Stage III D. Stage I

B. Stage IV

The nurse is assessing pediatric client using her stethoscope and heard wheezes upon auscultation. She instructed the client to do some coughing technique, but wheezes does not clear after coughing several times. What is this indication of this finding? A. The alveoli is filled with fluid B. The client has obstruction of the bronchioles C. The client have retained secretions in the trachea D. There is consolidation

B. The client has obstruction of the bronchioles

what will be the effects of bronchospasm, inflammation and increased bronchial secretions to a pediatric client with asthma A. This will cause ventilation perfusion mismatch. B. These will reduce the size of airway lumen leading to acute respiratory distress. C. These will result to severe allergic reaction causing bronchospasm. D. These will cause high grade fever and convulsion.

B. These will reduce the size of airway lumen leading to acute respiratory distress.

What is the effect if infants and children's larynx and glotitis are placed higher in the neck? A. Tidal volume of infants are dependent to their diaphragm. B. This will increase risk for aspiration of foreign material into the lower airway. C. This will increase the risk of airway obstruction. D. Functional residual capacity of the lungs will be greatly reduced.

B. This will increase risk for aspiration of foreign material into the lower airway.

Following complete primary repair, the newborn was endorsed to pediatric ward. Which of the following findings would the nurse anticipate upon endorsement? Blood tinged urine Temperature of 39.1C Tachycardia Yellow drainage on the incision site

Blood tinged urine

A school age child has asthma which of the following can trigger asthma attack? 1. Inhalants 2. Air pollutants 3. Pollens 4. Viral agents A. 2,3,4 B. 1,2,4 C. 1,2,3,4 D. 1,2,3

C. 1,2,3,4

In pedia client with pneumonia, which of the following are your dependent nursing interventions? 1. Administer acetaminophen for fever 2. Encourage rest to reduce need for oxygen 3. Give augmentin because client is resistant to penicillin. 4. Turn and reposition client to prevent pooling of secretions. A. 1,2,3,4 B. 3,4 C. 1,3 D. 1,2

C. 1,3

The nurse reviewing the patients' charts during the endorsement, which of the following clients will the nurse visit first? A. A 2 year old child with a uric acid value of 3.1 mg/dl B. A 4 months old with urine pH of 6.3 C. A 1 year old child with BUN values of 31 mg/dL D. A 7 year old child with 0.6 mg/dL creatinine.

C. A 1 year old child with BUN values of 31mg/dl

What pathophysiologic changes result when there is increased permeability on the glomerular basement membrane? A. Decreased lipid and protein sythesis B. Increased oncotic pressure in the blood. C. Massive protein wasting in the urinary tract D. Decreased ADH and aldosterone production.

C. Massive protein wasting in the urinary tract

The physician ordered the 10-year-old client to undergo MRI to view his kidneys and associated parts. Which of the following statements of the mother would indicate understanding of the procedure? A. I have to make sure that my child's wooden rosary beads will have to be removed prior to the procedure B. My child will be sedated to prevent aspiration risk during the procedure C. My child will be on NPO for 4-6 hours prior to the procedure D. The consent should be signed by my child prior to the procedure.

C. My child will be on NPO for 4-6 hours prior to the procedure.

A child diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis was interviewed by the student nurse. Which of the following past health history is relevant to the case? A. Diaphoresis during lunchbreak B. Diarrhea in the past week C. Sore throat in the past week D. Difficulty breathing during intense play

C. Sore throat in the past week

A veteran is admitted to the hospital after sustaining a traumatic brain injury. A magnetic resonance image shows significant damage to the veteran's cerebellum. The damage would result in difficulty with which of the following functions. A. Regulation of temperature B. sensation of pain C. Regulation of emotion D. Coordination of movement

Coordination of movement

An assessment of pedia client with pneumonia had crackles upon auscultation. What is the rationale behind this assessment finding?

Crackles is a result of fluid presence in the alveoli

Mary a 7yo was diagnosed with primary complex. What are the first line of drugs for tuberculosis? 1. Isoniazid 2. Rifampin 3. Pyrazinamide 4. Ethambutol A. 1 B. 1,2,3 C. 1,2 D. 1,2,3,4

D. 1,2,3,4

If the nursing diagnosis for pediatric client with LTB is ineffective airway clearance r/t edema and constrictction of the airway, what will be your priortizied nursing action? A. Place client in a quiet environment B. Assess parental anxiety level of significant other C. Regulate IV fluid for medication purposes. D. Assess child's respiratory status effort and diminished breath sounds.

D. Assess child's respiratory status effort and diminished breath sounds.

What is the drug of choice in pediatric clients with LTB to decrease inflammation A. Penicillin B. Ibuprofen C. Calcium carbonate D. Corticosteroid

D. Corticosteroid

Mary 3 yo has viral infection affecting the larynx, trachea and major bronchi. The child was diagnosed with LTB. what causes the characteristics barking cough? A. Increase in the WBC count B. Edema of the larynx C. Narrowing of the subglottic area of the trachea D. Inflammation of larynx and trachea

D. Inflammation of larynx and trachea (SABE NI STEPHEN D.DAW PERO SABE NI CHATGPT C. DAW)

A 6 year old accompanied by her mother, accompanied by her mother, was assessed by the nurse for a check up. She has been feverish for the past week and complains of urinary frequency. Upon palpation, the nurse expects which normal finding? A. Flow murmur B. Palpable kidneys C. Palpable spleen D. Non-palpable kidneys

D. Non-palpable kidneys

Child A, 4 year old is complaining of difficulty of breathing, O2 was administered utilizing O2 hood that delivers high O2 concentration. What complication will the child suffer if he will have prolonged exposure to high O2 tension? A. Atelectasis B. Septicemia C. Drug toxicity D. O2 Toxicity

D. O2 Toxicity

A 3 month old infant with bronchiolitis had inflammation causing obstruction of the bronchiole. Upon assessment, the infant had nasal flaring, chest retractions, and cyanosis. Parents were anxious r/t child's respiratory distress. What will be your goal of care r/t parent's problem? A. Allow parents to verbalize their feelings. B. infant will demonstrate adequate airway clearance after 1 hour of nursing action. C. Place infant in semi fowlers position and administer o2 D. Parents will demonstrate reduced anxiety after 24 hours of nursing intervention.

D. Parents will demonstrate reduced anxiety after 24 hours of nursing intervention.

The student nurse is assessing a 3-year old child admitted for difficult urination. Upon percussion, she heard dullness above the symphysis pubis. What could this finding mean? A. An indication of urinary tract infection B. Indicative of cystitis C. Presence of kidney stones D. Presence of full bladder

D. Presence of full bladder

Which of the following health teachings should be given to parents to a newborn with hypospadias? A. There should schedule the surgery as soon as possible. B. The child should be assessed for self-esteem concerns C. The child may have difficulty with bowel elimination D. There should be no circumcision before surgical repair is done.

D. There should be no circumcision before surgical repair is done.

in children with bronchitis complaining of productive cough, it is important to raise the accumulated viscous sputum to relieve airway problem. what is the drug of choice indicated for this situation? A. Cough suppresant B. antipyretic C. antibiotic D. cough expectorant

D. cough expectorant

That is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability wherein there is a beak or weakness on the long arm of the X chromosome A. Trisomy 21 B. Congenital Hypothyroidism C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Fragile X

FRAGILE X

Given the GFR, what stage of CKD is the patient most likely to be diagnosed with? GFR 130 ml/min/1.73m2 A. Normal B. G1 C. G2 D. G3A

G1

Given the GFR, what stage of CKD is the patient most likely to be diagnosed with? GFR 36 ml/min/1.73m2 A. G2 B. G3B C. G3A D. G4

G3B

Which of the following disease condition are included in the HUS triad? Select all that apply Chronic renal failure Acute renal failure Hemolytic anemia Iron deficiency anemia Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia

Hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenia Acute renal failure

Which of the following findings would the nurse anticipate for a child diagnosed with HUS? Elevated creatinine Hypernatremia Hyperkalemia Increased bilirubin Decreased BUN Hypophosphatemia

Hyperkalemia Elevated creatinine Increased bilirubin

If an individual were to sustain a significant injury to their right cerebral injury to their right cerebral hemisphere, where right somatosensory loss of function occur? A. There is no evidence that loss of functioning would occur. B. Right side of the body C. Both sides of the body D. Left side of the body

Left side of the body

The basic cyclic pattern of inspiration and expiration are established by a respiratory center with the ____. A. Thalamus B. Cerebellum C. Cerebral cortex D. Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Match age group with their urinary developmental changes. - Newborns - 3 mos of age - 10 day of life - 2 years of age - full maturity of bladder - voiding possible - able to concentrate urine - 50% bladder capacity

Newborns - voiding possible 3 mos of age - able to concentrate urine 10 day of life - 50% bladder capacity 2 years of age - full maturity of bladder

Joshua received a golden retriever puppy for his birthday. He picked up the puppy and is surprised at how soft and fluffy the puppy's fur feels. What love of Joshua's cerebral cortex first processes the information about the feel of the puppy's fur? A. Occipital lobe B. Parietal lobe C. Temporal lobe D. Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Which one of the following is the function of parasympathetic nervous system? A. Stimulates oil and sweat and glands in the skin. B. Contraction of hair muscles C. Acceleration of heart beat D. Pupil constriction.

Pupil constriction

Which of the following is not innervated by the autonomic nervous system? A. Striated skeletal muscle cell B. Myocardial cell C. Intestinal muscle cell D. Branching muscle cell

Striated skeletal muscle cell

Which of the following statement correctly describes the activation of autonomic nervous system function within the circulatory system? A. Sympathetic nervous system activation decreased cardiac output. B. Sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within the salivary glands. C. Parasympathetic nervous system activation increases heart rate. D. Para sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within erectile tissue.

Sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries.