NCTRC Practice Exam 7 & 8

Approximately what percentage of Therapeutic Recreation Specialists are employed in community-based settings? A. About 5 percent B. About 15 percent C. About 25 percent D. About 35 percent

A. About 5 percent

A: "I want you both to cover for me when the head nurse comes and asks why I wasn't in group therapy this morning." B: "Okay, whatever you say." C: "No, I can't do that for you, because that would be lying." Client A was showing which of the following behavior styles? A. Aggressive B. Passive C. Assertive D. Emotive

A. Aggressive

In health care, the term capitation means the health care provider A. Agrees to a present dollar amount per person and to not ask for further reimbursement B. Is reimbursed only for expenses that the client can pay for C. Must itemize all charges on the bill and relate each to a specific diagnosis code D. Is a member of a free-for-service organization that agrees on charges prior to admission

A. Agrees to a present dollar amount per person and to not ask for further reimbursement

What piece of legislation mandated program accessibility? A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 B. Section 504 of the 1973 Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments C. Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 D. Public Law 94-142 of 1975

A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Almost all models of therapeutic recreation service delivery start with the step of A. Assessment B. Goal development C. Program evaluation D. Quality improvement

A. Assessment

In community-based therapeutic recreation programs, clients often self-select and preregister for programs, which usually replaces the need for A. Assessment B. Program planning C. Leadership D. A certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist

A. Assessment

Natalissa is the supervisor of a large therapeutic recreation department in a community mental health center. The department has 12 therapeutic recreation staff, six of who are NCTRC certified. The staff is split evenly between an adult unit and an adolescent unit. When staff cutbacks were ordered in the TR department by the center's administrators, she ignored the memos and continued to staff the units on regular schedules. The conflict resolution strategy employed by Natalissa is called ________ . A. Avoidance B. Defusion C. Containment D. Confrontation

A. Avoidance

Alzheimer's type dementia is caused by A. Biological changes in the brain B. Getting older C. Not engaging in intellectual activities as one ages D. Environmental pollutants and toxins

A. Biological changes in the brain

"Mr. Smith did you remember to bring the poem you wanted to share with us? You did. Great! O.K., let's listen to Mr. Smith's poem." A. Birth of the Group—Creating Energy B. Life of the Group—Verbal Instructions C. Movement and Rhythms D. Closing of the Group with Anticipation for the Next Meeting

A. Birth of the Group—Creating Energy

Which of the following documents help support direct reimbursement for TR services? A. Client assessment, treatment protocols, and quality improvement documents B. Flow charts and trend analysis C. Utilization review documents, treatment protocols, and risk management studies D. Policy and procedures manuals

A. Client assessment, treatment protocols, and quality improvement documents

To improve decision-making skills related to leisure involvement A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Physical D. Social

A. Cognitive

A marketing audit is a vital step in designing a marketing plan for a therapeutic recreation department because it A. Describes what past marketing efforts and effects have been B. Evaluates the target audiences and the information they seek C. Critiques what others have done in the area D. Establishes goals and objectives for implementation

A. Describes what past marketing efforts and effects have been

A person-centered approach to therapeutic recreation means that A. Despite differences, we accept that each individual is a unique person B. We encourage age-appropriate behaviors and activities C. We can reduce the impact of the self-fulfilling prophecy D. We encourage clients to think of themselves first, others second

A. Despite differences, we accept that each individual is a unique person

A clinical psychologist specializes in A. Diagnosing and treatment of mental illnesses B. Counseling victims of domestic violence C. Group therapy for a variety of psychoses D. Prescribing psychotropic drugs

A. Diagnosing and treatment of mental illnesses

The TRS is teaching clients with panic disorders to breathe from their diaphragm, rather than their chest, because A. Diaphragmatic breathing exchanges a greater volume of air B. Diaphragmatic breathing can leave the individual light headed C. Chest breathing is harder to learn D. The activity analysis showed that more people would be successful

A. Diaphragmatic breathing exchanges a greater volume of air

In calculating the price to be charged the client in a fee-for-service arrangement, the TRS should consider which of the following costs? A. Direct costs, indirect costs, and uncollectibles (individuals unable to pay) B. Department budget, divided by the number of therapeutic recreation programs C. Department budget, divided by the number of therapeutic recreation staff D. Staff salaries, facility rental, and overhead costs

A. Direct costs, indirect costs, and uncollectibles (individuals unable to pay)

Which of the following is a question typical of a screening or intake assessment (vs. on that goes in more depth)? A. Does the client have adequate social skills? B. Does the client have adequate conversational skills with peers? C. If the client has difficulty conversing with peers, where does the difficulty lie? D. What difficulties have been improved or remedied by participation in the social skill program?

A. Does the client have adequate social skills?

In the classical pattern of multiple sclerosis, the person experiences alternating intervals of A. Episodes of symptoms and remission B. Short mania and longer term depression C. Athetosis and ataxia D. Muscle atrophy and hypertonia

A. Episodes of symptoms and remission

All of the following are examples of passive body language, EXCEPT: A. Erect body posture B. Apologetic tone of voice C. Little eye contact D. Hands kept in the lap

A. Erect body posture

One leadership principle the TRS should follow when working with autistic children is to A. Establish eye contact B. Use lengthy activities C. Play a lot of active games D. Change activities quickly

A. Establish eye contact

Which of the following is a team-building strategy for personnel within a therapeutic recreation department? A. Establish goals that are to be accomplished as a group B. Implement policies without staff input C. Keep the information flow to a minimum D. Make unilateral decisions

A. Establish goals that are to be accomplished as a group

Which of the following statements is NOT a suggested principle for structuring inclusionary programs? A. Exempt the person with the disability from rules that require physical or intellectual skill. B. Rotate positions and roles of the participants within the activity or program. C. Role model positive, accepting behavior as the leader of the activity or program. D. Accent positive attributes and skills of all participants.

A. Exempt the person with the disability from rules that require physical or intellectual skill.

Networking is helpful to therapeutic recreation specialists because A. Expertise and ideas are shared to improve the quality of programs B. Each professional can claim a unique set of skills C. Clients are not likely to know more than one therapeutic recreation specialist D. Individuals with disabilities are likely to receive fewer services in the future

A. Expertise and ideas are shared to improve the quality of programs

According to the Leisure Ability model of therapeutic recreation services, the program service categories include A. Functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation services B. Therapy and recreation services C. Leisure education, counseling, and recreation services D. Inpatient, outpatient, and community services

A. Functional intervention, leisure education, and recreation participation services

A TRS was hired to create a new department from "scratch," and will be hiring new personnel, determining the nature and direction of programs, and supervising the overall operation of the department. Which of the following resources would be MOST appropriate to review prior to creating this department? A. Guidelines for Administration of Therapeutic Recreation Services in Clinical and Residential Facilities (NTRS) B. Code of Ethics (ATRA) C. Therapeutic Recreation Journal (NTRS) D. Evaluation of Therapeutic Recreation Through Quality Assurance (ATRA)

A. Guidelines for Administration of Therapeutic Recreation Services in Clinical and Residential Facilities (NTRS)

Which of the following is the BEST example of using visualization as a facilitation technique in therapeutic recreation? A. Having a person with cancer imagine good cells chomping on cancerous cells B. Asking a group to role play what they might do when a stranger approaches C. Asking a group of clients to express their feelings through any visual art medium D. Asking a client to paint a picture of her future leisure

A. Having a person with cancer imagine good cells chomping on cancerous cells

The intent of the federal initiative called Healthy People 2010 is to A. Heighten awareness of the overall health of Americans, including those with disabilities B. Ensure that Americans understand that eating fast food is the prime predictor of obesity C. Monitor the increasing amount of time Americans are spending on exercising D. Monitor the effects of low-carbohydrate diets on the obesity of Americans

A. Heighten awareness of the overall health of Americans, including those with disabilities

Which of the following services was NOT mandated in the community Mental Health Act of 1963? A. Home health services B. Inpatient hospitalization C. Partial hospitalization D. Community consultation and education

A. Home health services

Which question is a formative evaluation concern? A. How does the second day of the program need to be changed from the first day? B. Are the interventions appropriate for the content? C. What were the total resource costs of program delivery? D. Were staff adequately prepared to deliver the services to this group of clients?

A. How does the second day of the program need to be changed from the first day?

There are four basic types of observational recording systems. They include: I. Frequency or Tallies II. Duration III. Interval IV. Continuous or Anecdotal Which of the following would be the most appropriate technique to record how many times a client uses negative self-statements? A. I only B. II only C. I, II, and III only D. I, II, III, and IV

A. I only

Tonya will name four activities that she can do for free within her local community. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. It is written correctly

A. I only

When the physician or treatment team creases a master list of patient/client deficits and develops a plan of action focused on these deficits, it is called which of the following? I. Problem-oriented medical records (POMR) II. Source-oriented medical records (SOMR) III. Quality improvement A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

A. I only

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of substance use disorders? A. Inability to distinguish healthy from non-healthy ways to cope with stress B. Difficulty withdrawing or eliminating the substance from one's routine C. Continued choice to use the substance despite problems associated with use D. Change in the individuals' tolerance for the substance

A. Inability to distinguish healthy from non-healthy ways to cope with stress

Kiki and Devon ran away during a community outing. After contracting the police, the therapeutic recreation specialist completes what form? A. Incident report B. Revised treatment plan C. Discharge/referral summary D. Liability summary

A. Incident report

The therapist used a paper and pencil leisure education activity for a chronic mental health group. During the beginning of the activity, she realized that the clients could not read. The therapist did not adequately analyze the _____ requirements of the activity. A. Intellectual B. Affective C. Physical D. Administrative

A. Intellectual

When an assessment is norm-referenced, it means that the assessment was/is A. Interpreted based on the average scores for that person's peer group B. Based on a normal population's average scores C. References using the major texts in the therapeutic recreation literature D. Based on scores of normal behavior expected within that developmental life stage

A. Interpreted based on the average scores for that person's peer group

Programming that involves individual client assessment, individual program planning, implementation of a program, and evaluation of the effect of the program is often called A. Intervention programming B. Recreation for special populations C. Special recreation D. Activity programming

A. Intervention programming

In Rational Emotive Therapy, the focus is placed on A. Irrational self-statements that interfere with a person's ability to see reality objectively B. Reducing stress by eliminating emotions that are not rational C. Paying attention to the physiological responses to stress D. Clarifying what the person thinks or feels about a situation

A. Irrational self-statements that interfere with a person's ability to see reality objectively

Consider the following two Interview questions/statements to be used in a client assessment. A. "Tell me how you would go about finding transportation to get to an athletic event downtown." B. "Tell me about your family." Interview question/statement A is better than B, because: A. It focuses on the specific content of therapeutic recreation programs. B. It requires less short-memory from the client. C. It requires less time for the client to answer. D. Question B is actually better than question A.

A. It focuses on the specific content of therapeutic recreation programs.

If an individual experiences a stroke on the right side of his/her brain, the typical effects include A. Lack of depth perception, intuition, and nonverbal perception B. Inability to remember past events and to read C. Inability to communicate and organize thoughts D. Increased lability and anger control

A. Lack of depth perception, intuition, and nonverbal perception

Ms. Brown has been admitted to a psychiatric facility for treatment of severe depression. The TRS suggests to her that she begin participating in a walking program and a peer communication program. She states to the TRS that she has never been able to walk very far, and has trouble communicating with others. She is not interested in the TR programs. Ms. Brown may be exhibiting A. Learned helplessness B. Infantile expressive skills C. Extrinsic behavior D. Aggressive behavior

A. Learned helplessness

The "day-to-day behavioral expression of one's leisure-related attitudes, awareness, and activities revealed within the context and composite of the total life experience" is a person's A. Leisure lifestyle B. Recreation and well being C. Quality of life D. Leisure well being

A. Leisure lifestyle

The process by which an agency of the government grants permission to persons meeting predetermined qualification to engage in a given occupation is called ______. A. Licensure B. Accreditation C. Certification D. Registration

A. Licensure

While a medical model of health focuses on the pathology of a person, the salutogenic model of health focuses on A. Lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health B. Social relationships that need to be terminated prior to full recovery C. Total lifestyle environment to which the patient will return D. Direct reimbursement of services

A. Lifestyle factors that support, enhance, and produce health

Refer to the following excerpt from a sample quality improvement documentation. Major Aspect of Care: Community Leisure Involvement Post-Discharge Indicator: Increase in independent involvement in community recreation activities and opportunities Criterion: Average of two community involvements per month following discharge per 80% of the clients Standard: Review 10 percent of client follow-up forms Data Source: Follow-up Client Interview Form Which of the following components represents the therapeutic recreation department's definition of important or crucial elements of the therapeutic recreation service? A. Major aspect of care B. Indicator C. Criterion D. Standard

A. Major aspect of care

Which of the following is an example of secondary disability? A. Osteoporosis and hip fracture B. Spinal cord injury and heart disease C. Dementia and losing track of time D. Arthritis and scoliosis

A. Osteoporosis and hip fracture

Using the following categories of child development, place the letter of the appropriate category in front of the skill that belongs in that category. 5. Takes turns A. Personal/social B. Adaptive/fine motor behavior C. Motor behavior D. Language

A. Personal/social

The basic premise behind "managed care" in the health care industry is A. Positive client outcomes produced at low cost B. Less focus on the individual, more focus on the diagnosis C. Sustaining a person's life at all costs D. That insurance companies will pay whatever the clinical facility charges for a service

A. Positive client outcomes produced at low cost

One example of a "trigger" within the Activities section on the Minimum Data Set (MDS) would be when the individual A. Prefers more or different activity choices than are now being offered B. Rarely receives visits from family or friends C. Is completely independent in his/her leisure pursuits D. Is ready for discharge to his/her home

A. Prefers more or different activity choices than are now being offered

A strategic plan is a method of A. Projecting needs and activities of an organization in the future B. Continuous quality improvement C. Protocol development and implementation D. Resource utilization

A. Projecting needs and activities of an organization in the future

Pt. is a 73 yo ♀ s/p Rt CVA c ̅ Lt. hemiparesis. Oriented x3. MS intact. PMH significant for CAD, IDDM. Encourage Pt. up ad. lib. Appears to be dependent w/c. PT consult for ambulating, OT consult for ADL, TR consult for community reintegration. A. Pt. is the abbreviation for Patient B. Physical therapy C. Private D. Point of concern

A. Pt. is the abbreviation for Patient

Betsy tends to blame others when something goes wrong and has a difficult time accepting responsibility for her actions. What therapeutic recreation facilitation technique is MOST LIKELY to be helpful for Betsy? A. Reality therapy B. Anger management C. Resocialization D. Validation therapy

A. Reality therapy

The first step in a person changing a negative behavior to a positive behavior is A. Recognizing the problem behavior B. Reappraising the stressors that caused the original incident C. Coping with the negative consequences of the original behavior D. Believing the negative behavior can be changed

A. Recognizing the problem behavior

Biofeedback, meditation, autogenic training, and progressive muscle relaxation are examples of what kind of therapeutic recreation facilitation technique? A. Relaxation training B. Tai Chi C. Guided imagery D. Sensory stimulation

A. Relaxation training

Which of the following is not an example of a TR department's risk management plan? A. Requiring TR student interns to purchase liability insurance before the internship starts B. Requiring employees to park on hospital premises C. Conducting peer reviews by trained professionals D. Incorporating family into the assessment procedure

A. Requiring TR student interns to purchase liability insurance before the internship starts

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS, formerly the Health Care Financing Administration [HCFA]) monitors quality assessment and performance improvement in facilities that A. Serve individuals covered by the federal government's health insurance program. B. Use the Therapeutic Recreation Accountability Model. C. Adhere to the National Therapeutic Recreation Society's Standards of Practice. D. Are located in low-income, urban areas.

A. Serve individuals covered by the federal government's health insurance program.

Which of the following examples demonstrates the concept of "flow?" A. Sharena got so involved in painting a sunset, she lost track of time. B. Calvin, after trying a number of activities, decides he likes archery the best. C. Katrina has three cats and two dogs and volunteers at the animal shelter twice a week. D. Ian likes to travel to a new place at least twice a year.

A. Sharena got so involved in painting a sunset, she lost track of time.

Therapeutic recreation programs for individuals with acute schizophrenic disorders are MOST appropriate when they focus on goals to improve or increase A. Social interaction and motor behaviors B. Integration into community recreation activities C. Adaptive responses to addictive behaviors D. Manipulative behaviors of the client

A. Social interaction and motor behaviors

The TRS wants to assess clients for placement into a leisure education program. The TRS should make sure the instrument is valid and measures which of the following? A. Social skills, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and leisure awareness B. Functional limitations, social skills, and physical abilities C. Leisure interests, functional limitations, leisure awareness, and leisure resources D. Decision-making skills, small group and large group interaction skills, and leisure resources

A. Social skills, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and leisure awareness

The program evaluation is designed at the time the program is planned so that the A. Specialist will know how and when to collect information as the program progresses B. Client will know from the activity calendar when activities are offered C. Treatment team can collect information about the continuity of care D. Activities are analyzed for their physical, social/affective, and intellectual requirements of clients

A. Specialist will know how and when to collect information as the program progresses

In order for charting-by-exception to be effective, what first must be accomplished? A. Standards of care must be predefined so exceptions can be identified. B. The patient must be medically stable and coherent. C. Reimbursement for services has to be standardized hospital-wide. D. All health care professions must agree to a simple page assessment form.

A. Standards of care must be predefined so exceptions can be identified.

Time management is the practice of A. Structuring time to focus on important activities and minimizing unimportant activities B. Fitting more activities into a person's schedule C. Reducing the number of commitments on your time D. Keeping track of events and appointments in a personal calendar

A. Structuring time to focus on important activities and minimizing unimportant activities

The specialist tracks the number of times a client responds appropriately to another peer, in order to monitor the effects of the social skills program. This type of observation is being recorded through the _____ method. A. Tally B. Duration C. Interval D. Instantaneous time sampling

A. Tally

Which of the following is an appropriate goal for a client who lacks awareness of personal resources? A. The client will identify four assets within himself/herself that complement her leisure lifestyle. B. The client will name three leisure resources in the community. C. The client will learn three new leisure activities within the next three months. D. The client will register for one community program within one month.

A. The client will identify four assets within himself/herself that complement her leisure lifestyle.

One document within a written plan of operation is the department's or unit's scope of care. The scope of care specifies A. The comprehensive goals and program areas of the department B. Methods of treating group of clients C. The treatment protocols for specific diagnostic groups D. How the TRS should interact with the clients

A. The comprehensive goals and program areas of the department

Which of the following statements reflect the current emphasis of external accreditation agencies in reviewing therapeutic recreation services for quality improvement purposes? A. The effectiveness of therapeutic recreation services is determined by the achieved client outcomes. B. The most important criteria for proving effectiveness of therapeutic recreation services is the availability of facilities and adequacy of equipment. C. The crucial element in therapeutic recreation quality assurance is the interaction established between the TRS and the client. D. Linkages with community agencies is the prime factor in determining quality care in therapeutic recreation services.

A. The effectiveness of therapeutic recreation services is determined by the achieved client outcomes.

When a hospital or health care agency receives accreditation from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, among other things, it means A. The hospital will receive Medicare payments more easily B. Professionals working in the agency will get direct reimbursement for services C. The client will receive a higher quality of care D. Client assessment must be completed with 12 hours of admission

A. The hospital will receive Medicare payments more easily

The results from any assessment should give the TRS a clear indication of A. The programs in which the client should be placed B. The client's leisure interests C. The validity of the tool D. How successful the client has been in achieving the program outcomes

A. The programs in which the client should be placed

Which of the examples below illustrates using the principles of evidence-based research in therapeutic recreation? A. The therapeutic recreation specialist uses results from a Therapeutic Recreation Journal article to most efficiently create a stress management program. B. The therapeutic recreation specialist collects evidence over 12 months to show the attendance rates of clients. C. The therapeutic recreation specialist attends a research forum at a national conference. D. The therapeutic recreation specialist calls colleagues to see how their aquatic programs are designed.

A. The therapeutic recreation specialist uses results from a Therapeutic Recreation Journal article to most efficiently create a stress management program.

A TRS should use which of the following resources to find successful, proven methods of achieving positive client outcomes through actual therapeutic recreation services? A. Therapeutic Recreation Journal B. An introduction to therapeutic recreation textbook C. Adapted Activities Quarterly D. A therapeutic recreation programming textbook

A. Therapeutic Recreation Journal

If the client assessment cannot distinguish between those who need the program and those who do not, what is likely to happen to the clients? A. They are likely to receive the wrong program, a diversional program, or no program at all. B. They will receive both functional intervention and leisure education programs. C. They are more likely to benefit from community integration programs. D. They are more likely to efficiently reach their outcomes and achieve an early discharge.

A. They are likely to receive the wrong program, a diversional program, or no program at all.

Why does "thought stopping" help reduce stress reactions in people who have obsessive or phobic thoughts? A. Thoughts precede emotions, which precede physiological responses. B. It punishes them for their negative thoughts. C. It isolates them from the group before they can be hurt. D. It shows them they have value and worth.

A. Thoughts precede emotions, which precede physiological responses.

One of the major DISADVANTAGES of using interviews in client assessment is A. Unless the scoring system is in place and ahead of time, they are difficult to score and analyze. B. They are less likely to get correct information than observations. C. That client often lie about their leisure participation patterns prior to admission. D. They reduce personal contact between the client and the therapeutic recreation specialist.

A. Unless the scoring system is in place and ahead of time, they are difficult to score and analyze.

Visualization can be helpful to clients because they can A. Use imaginary practice sessions for upcoming stressful situations B. Express their feelings without retribution from the group C. Relax at their own pace D. Only reveal to the group what they want to reveal

A. Use imaginary practice sessions for upcoming stressful situations

A TRS selects the Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy Scale (CERT) to measure behavior of a client as observed in-group activities. Which assessment characteristic has the TRS considered in making this selection? A. Validity B. Reliability C. Usability D. Practicability

A. Validity

The client says that involvement with her family is very important to her, but spends an inordinate amount of time at work, usually bringing home a large pile of work to do in the evenings and on the weekends. The specialist may use what type of therapeutic technique to help her review her priorities and behaviors? A. Values clarification B. Reality orientation C. Assertiveness training D. Bibliotherapy

A. Values clarification

The four basic measurable functions of health (blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and temperature) are called A. Vital signs B. Health signs C. Normal health signs D. Normal functioning

A. Vital signs

When it is most appropriate to use structured observations for client assessment? A. When actual behavior is of concern B. When the person's perceptions of behaviors are important C. When the person acts out in public D. Rarely, interviews are always the better choice for client assessment purposes

A. When actual behavior is of concern

In order to benefit from aerobic exercise, individuals need to reach and stay within their target heart rate for at least twenty minutes. This formula for calculating target heart rate is A. Age minus 20, times 2.5 B. 60 to 75 percent of normal maximum heart rate C. Weight minus 15, plus age D. 40 percent of normal maximum heart rate

B. 60 to 75 percent of normal maximum heart rate

The process by which an agency or organization evaluates and recognizes a program of study or an institution as meeting certain predetermined qualifications or standards is called _____. A. Licensure B. Accreditation C. Certification D. Registration

B. Accreditation

A TRS may work with a person who has recently experienced an extensive thermal burn, by providing which of the following types of services: A. Communication techniques B. Adjustment to disability sessions C. Leisure awareness sessions D. Assistive devices and adaptive techniques

B. Adjustment to disability sessions

Educating others about a particular issue is called A. Education for all B. Advocacy C. Wellness promotion D. Attitude adjustment

B. Advocacy

To improve ability to express anger in a positive manner A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Physical D. Social

B. Affective

The drug, Librium, is most often used to treat which of the following disorders? A. Chronic angina B. Anxiety C. Muscle stiffness D. Arrhythmias

B. Anxiety

ATRA's first Standard of Practice relates to A. Treatment planning B. Assessment C. Evaluation D. Ethical conduct

B. Assessment

Meditation is the practice of A. Resolving domestic violence conflicts B. Attempting to mindfully focus on one thought at a time C. Chanting mantras while in a yoga position D. Making clients responsible for their own behaviors

B. Attempting to mindfully focus on one thought at a time

The TRS, in an assertiveness training session, teaches clients to avoid being persuaded by others into doing something against their wishes, by repeating a concise statement of refusal. The TRS is teaching clients the technique of A. Clouding B. Broken record C. Compromise D. Defusing

B. Broken record

The four axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-R are A. Physical, social, emotional, and intellectual disorders B. Clinical disorders, medical disorders, personality disorders, and psychosocial problems C. Anxiety disorders, affective disorders, substance abuse, and psychomotor disorders D. Schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder, substance abuse, and depression

B. Clinical disorders, medical disorders, personality disorders, and psychosocial problems

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about autonomic hyperreflexia (Autonomic dysreflexia)? A. It is often felt as an "aura" before the experience of a seizure. B. Common in people with spinal cord injuries, it is a rapid and uncontrolled elevation in blood pressure. C. It is common among individuals who have chronic schizophrenia and can be controlled through medication. D. It is associated with excessive dopamine in the limbic brain center and eventually causes death.

B. Common in people with spinal cord injuries, it is a rapid and uncontrolled elevation in blood pressure.

Which of the following is NOT a method for a CTRS to be recertified by NCTRC? A. Receiving a passing grade in university-level course work B. Completing a second internship in a different setting C. Attending professional workshops that aware CEUs for participation D. Writing and publishing educational articles in professional journals

B. Completing a second internship in a different setting

Managed care is an effort on behalf of insurance companies to A. Increase patient's length of stay B. Control costs of caring for clients C. Reduce the paperwork involved in client care D. Decrease the number of preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

B. Control costs of caring for clients

Stress management involves a variety of techniques, activities, and interventions designed to A. Reduce unfamiliar stress B. Cope more effectively with distress and add more positive stress (eustress) C. Increase the individual's capacity to take on and handle more stress D. Aid individuals who have recently suffered severe and significant losses

B. Cope more effectively with distress and add more positive stress (eustress)

Alcohol is classified in which of the following categories of drugs? A. Stimulants B. Depressants C. Hallucinogens D. Narcotics

B. Depressants

A client's symptoms of irritability, pallor, trembling, blurred vision, perspiration, fatigue, confusion and headache, may be indications of A. Traumatic brain injury B. Diabetic coma C. Heart attack D. Post-traumatic stress syndrome

B. Diabetic coma

A TRS working in a psychiatric facility needs to find information about specific mental illnesses and conditions. Which of the following references would be MOST appropriate? A. Physician's Desk Reference B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—IV C. Therapeutic Recreation and the Nature of Disabilities (Mobily & MacNeil) D. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Behavioral Health Care (JCAHO)

B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—IV

Which of the following examples demonstrates the concept of "learned helplessness?" A. Patricia plans on her calendar to do at least one fun thing per week. B. Elizabeth has repeatedly failed and doesn't want to try any more. C. Vanessa has trouble remembering to ask for help. D. Douglas learned that asking for help is not a weakness.

B. Elizabeth has repeatedly failed and doesn't want to try any more.

Which of the following is an example of a program based on the principle of "normalization?" A. Older adults with sensory deficits are taken to a playground. B. Female teenagers with developmental disabilities are taught music appreciation. C. Youths in juvenile detention attend programs on vacationing overseas. D. All children with disabilities are registered for community recreation programs.

B. Female teenagers with developmental disabilities are taught music appreciation.

The therapeutic recreation department would determine if it was providing quality care by A. Completing program evaluations with clients at the end of 10% of the programs B. Finding that 10% of all clients reviewed averaged at least two community involvements per month C. Measuring the total number of client community involvements and dividing by 10 D. Referring 10% of the clients to community-based therapeutic recreation programs post-discharge

B. Finding that 10% of all clients reviewed averaged at least two community involvements per month

Down syndrome, the best-known form of chromosomal mental retardation, is characterized by A. Short stature and enlarged rib cage and upper arms B. Flat, broad face and small ears and nose C. Increased urinary tract infections and sexual dysfunction D. Lowered IQ and osteoporosis

B. Flat, broad face and small ears and nose

What is the relationship between goal statements and outcome measures? A. Outcome measures are included in goal statements B. Goals lead to the development of outcome measures C. Goals are written for comprehensive program plans D. Goals are for discharge plans and outcomes for treatment plans

B. Goals lead to the development of outcome measures

The top two leading causes of death in the United States are A. Obesity and strokes B. Heart disease and cancers C. Heart disease and sexually-transmitted diseases D. Vehicular accidents and gun shot wounds

B. Heart disease and cancers

In a facility that uses the Health Protection/Health Promotion model of therapeutic recreation, what would be the intent of service delivery? A. Helping clients become more competent and able to select enjoyable activities B. Helping people overcome barriers to health that interfere with their leisure C. Promoting human happiness through primary and secondary efforts D. Empowering the client to achieve only those goals that improve their leisure lifestyle

B. Helping people overcome barriers to health that interfere with their leisure

The TRS wants to make sure that the results of each client's assessment translates into the right program placement to work on the client's identified problems. What is the BEST method to make sure all TRs in the department translate client results in the same way? I. Use an assessment that produces reliable scores for the intended population. II. Train all TRS on the correct use of the assessment. III. Document a standardized protocol for the administration, scoring and interpretation of the assessment. IV. Improve the construct validity of the instrument. A. I and II only B. I, II and III only C. II and III, only D. I, II, III, and IV

B. I, II and III only

What has to be in alignment in order to produce measure client outcomes? I. Content of the assessment II. Goals written for the clients III. Content of the program IV. Leisure education program A. I and II only B. I, II, and III only C. I, II, III, and IV D. None of the above

B. I, II, and III only

After completing the Stress Management program, Taneisha will name five effective methods for reducing daily stress. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. It is written correctly

B. II only

Which of the following concepts are premises of Reality Therapy? I. The specialist helps the client stay oriented to time, person and place. II. The client is responsible for all of his or her behavior III. The specialist helps the client explore connections between past experiences and present actions. IV. The specialist helps the client focus on stopping irrational thoughts. A. I only B. II only C. I, II, and III only D. I, II, III, and IV

B. II only

Which of the following would be the most appropriate technique to record how long a client's anger outbursts last? A. I only B. II only C. I, II, and III only D. I, II, III, and IV

B. II only

Which of the following is the BEST example of a receptive communication dysfunction? A. Inability to transform experiences into language B. Inability to comprehend the written or spoken word C. Inability to express oneself through actions or language D. Inability to distinguish nuances in spoken language

B. Inability to comprehend the written or spoken word

Which of the following is most likely to produce error in a client's assessment score? A. Lack of confidence in the therapeutic specialist B. Inconsistent administration of the assessment tool C. Computerizing the assessment process D. Following an assessment protocol

B. Inconsistent administration of the assessment tool

Which of the following activity titles seem MOST appropriate to help clients develop social skills? A. Bingo B. Interaction skills for adults C. Low-cost activities for children D. Volleyball

B. Interaction skills for adults

In human anatomy, the scapula performs what function? A. It produces extensions and flexions of the upper leg. B. It forms the shoulder joint where many bones and muscles originate. C. It forms the elbow joint with the humerus proximally. D. It serves as the foundation for speech.

B. It forms the shoulder joint where many bones and muscles originate.

To acquire problem-solving techniques for daily use A. Functional Intervention B. Leisure Education C. Recreation Participation D. I and II only

B. Leisure Education

A TRS is interested in determining a patient's leisure interests. From the following options, the TRS should choose which assessment? A. Leisure Diagnostic Batter (LDB) B. Leisurescope C. Ohio Scales of Leisure Functioning D. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy Scale (CERT)

B. Leisurescope

Sometimes I feel lonely and when I do, I go looking for a friend. Do you ever feel lonely, Mrs. Jones?" A. Birth of the Group—Creating Energy B. Life of the Group—Verbal Instructions C. Movement and Rhythms D. Closing of the Group with Anticipation for the Next Meeting

B. Life of the Group—Verbal Instructions

The therapeutic recreation specialist may need to describe specific behavioral cues that help describe the client's behavior. The client's _______ can be described using words such as lively, neutral, blunted, flat, stable, labile, defensive, calm, sad, hostile, guarded, distant, evasive, cooperative, and open. A. Speech B. Mood and effect C. Social distancing D. Movement

B. Mood and effect

What professional organization was formed by the merger of several organizations? A. NCTRC B. NTRS C. ATRA D. CARF

B. NTRS

A client outcome is the A. Client's heightened awareness of leisure as a substitute for work B. Observed changes in the client's status as a result of interventions C. Degree to which clients are satisfied with the treatment they have received D. Point at which activity analysis and client assessment intersect

B. Observed changes in the client's status as a result of interventions

Chronic users of cocaine may experience all of the following, EXCEPT: A. Depression B. Periods of excessive sleep C. Hypertension D. Respiratory and/or cardiac failure

B. Periods of excessive sleep

The purpose of client assessment is to A. Provide feedback on the effectiveness of an intervention program B. Place clients in programs based on their needs C. Improvement communication between members of the treatment team D. Evaluate client performance in therapeutic recreation programs

B. Place clients in programs based on their needs

All of the following are examples of leisure barriers measured in the Leisure Barriers Inventory, EXCEPT: A. Time, money, and transportation B. Poor self-concept C. Availability of leisure partners D. Understanding of leisure as a concept

B. Poor self-concept

Patients have the right to have the treatment plan explained to them. A. Principle 2: Autonomy B. Principle 3: Veracity/Informed Consent C. Principle 4: Competence D. Principle 7: Confidentiality and Privacy

B. Principle 3: Veracity/Informed Consent

Managed care has shifted the responsibility of determining the services a patient need from the _______ to the ________. A. Federal government, state governments B. Providers of service, payers of service C. Patient, insurance company D. Upper class, middle class

B. Providers of service, payers of service

The condition that exists when the effects of a drug have become necessary to the individual in order to maintain an optimal state of well-being, with an intensity ranging from mild desire to strong craving for the drug's effects is known as A. Drug abuse B. Psychological dependence C. Physical dependence D. Tolerance

B. Psychological dependence

Which organization oversees the accreditation of rehabilitation facilities? A. Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) B. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF) C. American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) D. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

B. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

From assessment results, the TRS determines that Marshall has an inability to assert himself with peers or to follow through with commitments. He also lacks receptive communication skills. Which of the following therapeutic recreation programs would be MOST appropriate for this client? A. Leisure planning B. Social skills and training C. Leisure values and attitudes D. Leisure resources

B. Social skills and training

In problem-oriented record keeping, the abbreviation SOAPIER stands for A. Subjectivity, Objectivity, Assess, Plan, Implement, Evaluate, Revise B. Subjective data, Objective data, Analysis, Plan, Interventions, Evaluation, Revisions C. Sources, Objects, Adjectives, Protocols, Initiatives, Expressions, Resolutions D. Nothing, it simply means to completely cover (saturate) the topic

B. Subjective data, Objective data, Analysis, Plan, Interventions, Evaluation, Revisions

In order to place clients into a leisure education program, the TRS wants to assess social barriers to leisure involvement. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate content for the assessment instrument? A. The ability to problem solve and make decisions B. The ability to interact in group situations C. The ability to control emotions D. The ability to locate resources for leisure activities

B. The ability to interact in group situations

What is likely to happen when the content of the assessment does not match the content of the programs designed for client participation? A. The assessment is likely to be more valid than reliable. B. The assessment will not lead to proper program placement and clients will not reach their goals. C. Outcomes will be better defined and less ambiguous. D. The assessment will have less cultural bias and increased sensitivity.

B. The assessment will not lead to proper program placement and clients will not reach their goals.

What is an advantage of asking open-ended questions of clients for a program evaluation? A. The answers are easily quantifiable. B. The clients are able to expand on their answers. C. The specialist needs to be skilled in interviewing people. D. There is no advantage to open-ended questions.

B. The clients are able to expand on their answers.

One method to increase inter-rater reliability in observations is to A. Improve the construct validity of the instrument B. Use clearly defined and non-overlapping categories C. Support the results with extensive interviews D. Purchase and compare similar interest inventories

B. Use clearly defined and non-overlapping categories

A patient was discharged from the clinical facility because it was determined that he was not making progress and the bed space was needed for incoming patients. Which of the following committees/departments would make this type of decision? A. Professional standards review organization B. Utilization review C. Medical records review D. Quality improvement

B. Utilization review

Sara, a CTRS, knew that she could not program for and measure outcomes for self-esteem, but she still wanted to program in this area and have clients achieve measurable outcomes. What outcomes would be more appropriate than "improve self-esteem?" A. Improve self-concept B. Verbalize two positive statements about self C. Decrease negative thoughts about self D. Increase self-image

B. Verbalize two positive statements about self

All of the following may be questions that the therapeutic recreation specialist uses to improve clarity and completeness to narrative note EXCEPT: A. How did I first become aware of the problem? B. What has the client said about the problem that is not significant? C. Is this the same problem that was exhibited last week? D. What is the plan for dealing with the problem?

B. What has the client said about the problem that is not significant?

c ̅ is the abbreviation for A. Cover B. With C. Under D. About

B. With

Which of the following is a true statement about the aging process? A. Individuals with less education tend to outlive those with more education B. Women tend to outlive men C. Ethnic minority members tend to outlive Caucasians D. Individuals who are single tend to outlive those with families

B. Women tend to outlive men

"yo" is the abbreviation for A. Hello B. Year old C. Youthful appearing D. Young at heart

B. Year old

To be classified as legally blind, a person must have visual acuity no better than A. 20/20 B. 10/200 C. 20/200 D. 20/100

C. 20/200

Health can be define, not just as the absence of illness, but as A. A higher level of disease process B. Exercising three days a week for at least 30 minutes at a time C. A sense of physical, mental, and social well-being D. Minimal deviation from normal functioning

C. A sense of physical, mental, and social well-being

What professional organization was formed out of the need to have a professional organization that could more easily respond to the clinical needs of the profession? A. NCTRC B. NTRS C. ATRA D. CARF

C. ATRA

In a prospective payment system of health care, the hospital knows that a specific amount will be paid by the insurance company for a particular surgery, regardless of the _______. A. Skill of the surgeon B. Ethnicity of the patient C. Actual cost of the surgery D. Intended outcomes

C. Actual cost of the surgery

An individual with a moderate hearing impairment would MOST likely need which of the following services or adaptions? A. Community mobility training B. Well-lit rooms with bright colors C. Amplification devices in some situations D. Personal assistants to take care of daily needs.

C. Amplification devices in some situations

Feelings of overwhelming dread or impending doom with increased uneasiness are characteristics of A. Somatoform disorders B. Schizophrenia C. Anxiety disorders D. Multiple personality disorders

C. Anxiety disorders

Client C was showing which of the following behavior styles? A. Aggressive B. Passive C. Assertive D. Emotive

C. Assertive

What effect has client's shortened lengths of stay had on client assessment? A. It is now a much easier task because clients are more focused on their own treatment. B. The connection between gathering a baseline of information and measuring for outcomes has been strengthened. C. Assessments need to be concise and administered more quickly following admission. D. The effect has been minimal because therapeutic recreation specialists have always been known for efficient assessments.

C. Assessments need to be concise and administered more quickly following admission.

One of the principles in ATRA's Code of Ethics is Beneficience/Nonmalfeasance. This concept means A. All individuals should receive identical services B. All client have the basic right of self-determination C. At best, provide benefit; at worst, do no harm D. That confidentiality is expected in almost all situations

C. At best, provide benefit; at worst, do no harm

Typical treatment for a decubitus ulcer includes A. Increased cardiovascular exercise B. A prescription for blood pressure medicine C. Bed rest and antibiotics D. Daily stress management classes

C. Bed rest and antibiotics

In the continuum of therapeutic recreation services, the purposes of functional intervention services is to A. Provide co-treatment with other therapies at the most basic, functional level B. Acquaint clients with available and appropriate community services C. Bring clients up to the baseline of their peers' average functional level D. Increase the physical capabilities of clients

C. Bring clients up to the baseline of their peers' average functional level

Considering the typical leisure patterns of adolescents, which activity choice is MOST LIKELY to be appropriate? A. Community folk and social dance club B. Square dancing C. Building remote-controlled model airplanes D. Crossword puzzles

C. Building remote-controlled model airplanes

The TR department director is instructed to prepare a zero-based budget for the upcoming fiscal year. This means that the TR director A. Adds a certain percentage to last year's budget to calculate this year's budget B. Receives no salary raise for the upcoming year C. Builds this year's budget from scratch D. Must negotiate with other departments to get more money in the budget

C. Builds this year's budget from scratch

What group is responsible for the accreditation of TR educational programs in universities and colleges? A. JCAHO B. CARF C. COA D. NCTRC

C. COA

One of the principles in ATRA's Code of Ethics is Veracity/Informed Consent. This concept means A. All client data must be verified by a third party prior to any treatment B. Insurance companies have the right to limit the amount of payment for any service C. Clients have the right to know the benefits and risks prior to participation D. Clients' photographs cannot be taken with their permission

C. Clients have the right to know the benefits and risks prior to participation

The difference between an operational budget and a capital budget is that an operational budget A. Includes large expenditures of any kind over $500 B. Covers all revenues and expenditures, except personnel C. Covers day-to-day revenues and expenditures for a one-year period D. Has line-items that can be vetoed by the agency president

C. Covers day-to-day revenues and expenditures for a one-year period

ATRA's Standards for the Practice of Therapeutic Recreation document is divided into two sections of A. Assessment and program planning B. Clinical and community guidelines C. Direct practice and management D. Inpatient and outpatient care

C. Direct practice and management

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of "high performance teams" of people working in a health care environment? A. Decisions are made by group members B. Each person shares in the responsibility for success C. Each person is responsible for someone else's job D. Responses to requests are timely and efficient

C. Each person is responsible for someone else's job

Which of the following federal acts defined therapeutic recreation as a related area of service and was responsible for allowing more people with disabilities to be served by TRSs? A. 1973 Rehabilitation Act B. Smith-Sears Veterans Rehabilitation Act C. Education of All Handicapped Children Act D. White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals Act

C. Education of All Handicapped Children Act

The purpose of accreditation of higher education programs for therapeutic recreation is to A. Guarantee that graduates are automatically certified by NCTRC B. Ensure compliance with NTRS and ATRA standards of practice C. Ensure that the programs meet national standards for the preparation of professionals D. Verify that faculty are certified by NCTRC

C. Ensure that the programs meet national standards for the preparation of professionals

The difference between a vision statement and a statement of purpose for an organization is that a vision statement is A. Never put into operation B. Created solely by the top level managers C. Far-reaching and translates values into a desired future D. Is for the immediate future and is directly translated into operational goals

C. Far-reaching and translates values into a desired future

Which of the following is a primary importance for the TRS to consider when selecting an intervention program that will produce a specific client outcome? A. Resources necessary to offer the experience B. Staff sills needed to lead the activity C. Functional requirements of the activity D. Risk management protocols for the experience

C. Functional requirements of the activity

All of the following areas of a TR department's written plan of operation may have specific, written policies and procedures, EXCEPT: A. Obtaining physician's orders for treatment of clients B. Employee hiring and firing procedures C. How TRSs apply for recertification D. Procedures for obtaining supplies from the dietary department

C. How TRSs apply for recertification

Below are four steps of "thought stopping." In which order do the steps of thought stopping occur? I. Imagine the thought II. Thought substitution III. Aided thought interruption IV. Unaided thought interruption A. I and III only B. I, II and IV only C. I, III, IV, and II D. I, II, III, and IV

C. I, III, IV, and II

Knowing the payer mix of the agency is important because it A. Influences how external accreditation agencies review the various departments B. Requires an extensive knowledge of insurance company forms C. Influences how the agency gets reimbursed for services D. Shortens the patient's length of stay

C. Influences how the agency gets reimbursed for services

People with chronic pain may benefit from time management sessions because A. They tend to be the busiest people B. They tend to be complainers and procrastinators C. It would help them identify goals for spending their least painful time constructively D. It would help them develop a beneficial exercise routine at a local community center

C. It would help them identify goals for spending their least painful time constructively

Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? A. Hoosang enjoyed every minute of the self-awareness activity. B. Susan felt great joy at helping other people, especially older adults. C. Juan fails to make a point, just as his coach predicted. D. Hillary always knew she wanted to be a therapeutic recreation specialist.

C. Juan fails to make a point, just as his coach predicted.

Typical experiences of individuals with new spinal cord injuries include A. Heightened ability to cope with stress, fewer leisure options, and lowered self-esteem B. Decreased helplessness, fewer employment opportunities, and better relationships C. Loss of ability and skills, disruption of relationships, and dependence on others D. Higher risk for infections, lowered intellectual ability, and lowered self-esteem

C. Loss of ability and skills, disruption of relationships, and dependence on others

All of the following may be part of the department's risk management plan, EXCEPT: A. Acceptable staff/client ratios for certain types of programs B. Qualifications and special certifications needed by staff C. Marketing brochures for fund raising purposes D. Procedures for reporting emergencies, crises, and critical incidents

C. Marketing brochures for fund raising purposes

The primary therapist in this model is the professional who develops the most effective relationship with a particular client. A. Medical B. Custodial C. Milieu D. Education and Training

C. Milieu

This model is based on the philosophy that mental illness is the product of unhealthy interactions with one's environment. A. Medical B. Custodial C. Milieu D. Education and Training

C. Milieu

Transfers cube from hand to hand A. Personal/social B. Adaptive/fine motor behavior C. Motor behavior D. Language

C. Motor behavior

Which of the following conditions is genetic, produces gradually wasting muscle, with accompanying weakness and deformity? A. Spina bifida B. Multiple sclerosis C. Muscular dystrophy D. Osteoarthritis

C. Muscular dystrophy

The organization that provides personnel standards for therapeutic recreation specialists is A. National Therapeutic Recreation Society (NTRS) B. American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA) C. National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) D. Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

C. National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

The NTR's Code of Ethics addresses its ethical standards in relation to A. Requirements B. Needs C. Obligations D. Essentials

C. Obligations

The documentation above is based upon which of the following focuses, if any? A. Structure B. Process C. Outcomes D. None

C. Outcomes

A clinical TR specialist and a community TR specialist are conducting a marketing analysis to set-up a joint out-patient rehab program. Which statement identifies a factor that would be considered an opportunity to promote this joint venture? A. PT and OT are currently contracting their services in the community B. A private health care company is providing in-home care in the area C. Patient length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation is continuing to decrease D. An ADA survey is presently being conducted in the community

C. Patient length of stay in inpatient rehabilitation is continuing to decrease

To increase standing tolerance to 15 minutes A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Physical D. Social

C. Physical

Which of the following activities has been proven to be most effective with improving psychological states? A. Soothing music B. Building bird houses C. Physical exercise D. Joining a social club

C. Physical exercise

For a service to be reimbursable, in many instances insurance companies require the therapist to provide what information or evidences? A. Assessment tools sanctioned by JCAHO, HCFA, or CARF B. Source-oriented medical records C. Physicians orders D. Risk management plan for the activity

C. Physicians orders

The TRS sends in forms reporting participation in continuing education activities to NCTRS every five years A. Principle 2: Autonomy B. Principle 3: Veracity/Informed Consent C. Principle 4: Competence D. Principle 7: Confidentiality and Privacy

C. Principle 4: Competence

The TRS works with an educator from a local university to research the impact of exercise on substance abuse patients in an outpatient recovery program. A. Principle 2: Autonomy B. Principle 3: Veracity/Informed Consent C. Principle 4: Competence D. Principle 7: Confidentiality and Privacy

C. Principle 4: Competence

In establishing an environment that embraces multiculturalism, the therapeutic recreation specialist would A. Make sure all ethnic holidays are on the activity calendar B. Introduce signage that includes both English and Spanish, and possibly French C. Recognize people's differences while establishing a sense of unity D. Follow the agency directives with regard to nondiscrimination toward foreigners

C. Recognize people's differences while establishing a sense of unity

To encourage the client to focus on health and wellness rather than disease and pathology A. Functional Intervention B. Leisure Education C. Recreation Participation D. I and III only

C. Recreation Participation

The TRS brought a wedding album, rice, a bridal veil, and a ring pillow to the session to trigger older adults to talk about their past experiences about wedding. What technique was the TRS employing in this session? A. Remotivation B. Reality orientation C. Reminiscing D. Relaxation response

C. Reminiscing

It is the responsibility of every TRS to advocate for the leisure rights of individuals with disabilities because it is a(n) A. Privilege B. Option C. Right D. Challenge

C. Right

Which of the following would NOT be a problem-strength area used for client documentation by therapeutic recreation specialists? A. Physical, emotional, and leisure functioning B. Social/personal functioning, psychological functioning, and leisure interests C. Self-esteem, activities of daily living, and leisure history D. Independent living skills, social/personal functioning, and leisure functioning

C. Self-esteem, activities of daily living, and leisure history

A therapeutic recreation facilitation technique that focuses on taste, touch, sight, smell, hearing, and bodily movement, and is often combined with reminiscence and remotivation is called A. Sensory overload B. Aromatherapy C. Sensory stimulation D. Sensory integration

C. Sensory stimulation

(A) Friday, 12/11 - Pt. seemed withdrawn on community outing Friday night. (B) Friday, 12/11 - While pt. was attending community outing Friday night, she conversed only once with other pts. for approximately one minute. Pt. remained alone in the corner of the van during transit, and stayed at a separate table during must of the night. Progress note B is the better written because it A. States more consistent information B. Relies on professional judgments C. States behavior rather than conclusions D. Uses less professional jargon

C. States behavior rather than conclusions

During the 1960s and 1970s, society's view of health changed from one of "absence of illness" to the "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being." How has this affected the provision of therapeutic recreation services? A. They have become more segregated. B. They have become less important to the treatment of individuals with health problems. C. They have not been affected.

C. They have not been affected.

All of the following assist individuals in coping with stress, EXCEPT their: A. Attitudes of feeling challenged instead of threatened B. Feelings of having adequate resources to deal with the situation C. Type A personalities D. Adequate social support networks

C. Type A personalities

Which of the following activity titles seem MOST appropriate to help clients develop skills to locate leisure resources in the community? A. Low-cost activities for children B. Activities that can be done at home C. Using the telephone book D. Creative expression for the future

C. Using the telephone book

Which of the following show the order of the steps involved in creating a job description for a new position for a Therapeutic Recreation Specialist? I. Review NCTRC Job Analysis Study for entry-level competencies II. Identify the important job tasks of the vacant or new position III. Create a vision statement for the job position IV. Identify the qualifications that fit the job tasks of the position V. Check with the Human Resources department of the organization A. I, II, III, IV, V B. I, II, IV C. V, I, II, IV D. IV, II, V, I, II

C. V, I, II, IV

An advantage of calling someone's reference before hiring him is that the supervisor can A. Ask the reference to compare qualifications of several applicants B. Ask about personal issues such as family status, drug and alcohol history, and religion C. Verify information from the resume or interview D. Orient the employee to hospital procedures and introduce staff of different departments

C. Verify information from the resume or interview

Which of the following activities is MOST LIKELY to aid a client in increased physical endurances? A. Leisure resource discussion group B. Video games C. Walking D. Yoga

C. Walking

Which of the following is an example of the condition part of a behavioral objective? A. With level 4 minimal assistance B. The client will plan a weekend trip C. Within ten minutes D. Two out of three times

C. Within ten minutes

Which of the following examples typify the theory of self-efficacy A. Josiah believes he is efficient in most leisure activities. B. Colleen believes her life would change completely if she could live by herself. C. Jacob hates to lose to tries extremely hard so he can win. D. Alex believes he can master kayaking since he excels at canoeing.

D. Alex believes he can master kayaking since he excels at canoeing.

The most recent and the most preferred national standards for accessibility are contain within the A. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization's standards manuals B. Accessibility Guidelines for America C. Department of the Interior's park and natural areas guidelines D. Americans with Disabilities Act

D. Americans with Disabilities Act

The therapeutic recreation specialist wants Sanchez to gain upper body strength so he can propel his wheelchair for longer distances. The TRS would MOST LIKELY use A. Stretching activities B. Wheelchair basketball C. Tai Chi D. Anaerobic exercise

D. Anaerobic exercise

When he is upset or things do not go his way, Enrique lashes out at people, often making very caustic remarks and sometimes striking them. A therapeutic recreation facilitation technique that is MOST LIKELY to help Enrique is called A. Journaling B. Reality therapy C. Resocialization D. Anger management

D. Anger management

Inclusive recreation means that individuals with disabilities A. Attend segregated services before attending other programs B. Are mixed with individuals with dissimilar disabilities C. Are denied access to community programs because special programs are created D. Attend recreation programs of choice and have equal and joint participation

D. Attend recreation programs of choice and have equal and joint participation

The TRS provides many active games and sports to adolescents with emotional disturbances to allow for the release of disorganized and pent-up emotions. The TRS adheres to which of the following theories of play? A. Custodial B. Psychoanalytical C. Compensatory D. Catharsis

D. Catharsis

Which of the following might be an outcome indicator assessed through a continuous quality improvement program? A. Qualifications of the TR staff B. Environment in which treatment is provided C. Intervention strategies employed by the TRS D. Changes in the client's functional capacity

D. Changes in the client's functional capacity

The TRS is leading a group of elderly, disoriented clients. She is using an intervention technique called Validation Therapy. This therapy has four phases. Using the program/interactions presented, decide which of the phases is being represented. Refreshments and upbeat song A. Birth of the Group—Creating Energy B. Life of the Group—Verbal Instructions C. Movement and Rhythms D. Closing of the Group with Anticipation for the Next Meeting

D. Closing of the Group with Anticipation for the Next Meeting

A TRS is interested in determining behaviors that relate to a person's ability to successfully integrate into society using his/her social interaction skills. From the following options, the TRS should choose which assessment? A. Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) B. Leisurescope C. Ohio Scales of Leisure Functioning D. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy Scale (CERT)

D. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreational Therapy Scale (CERT)

Had she employed a strategy that involved problem-solving and direct conversations with the administrators, she would have been using the ______ strategy of conflict resolution. A. Avoidance B. Defusion C. Containment D. Confrontation

D. Confrontation

What is the primary focus of a systems approach to program planning? A. Developing comprehensive agency strategic plans B. Designing individual client implementation plans C. Establishing protocols and evaluative standards D. Determining the outcomes the program will accomplish

D. Determining the outcomes the program will accomplish

Which of the following questions would NOT be appropriate when documenting a client's participation in a therapeutic recreation program? A. Did the client attend voluntarily? B. Did the client merely observe the activity? C. Was the client actively participating in the session? D. Did the client attend all of the programs on Tuesday?

D. Did the client attend all of the programs on Tuesday?

ATRA's first Standard of Practice relates to A. Recreation services B. Assessment C. Evaluation D. Discharge planning

D. Discharge planning

Which of the following may be used as a technique to motivate employees on a long-term basis? A. Make them boss for the day B. Set long- and short-term goals for them C. Encourage their donations to the agency's charity fund D. Encourage cross training into new areas of job responsibility

D. Encourage cross training into new areas of job responsibility

People with depression often engage in _____ leisure activities, and report _____ pleasure from participating. A. More, more B. More, less C. Fewer, more D. Fewer, less

D. Fewer, less

The therapeutic recreation specialist wrote the following note in a client's chart. Which of the following documentation principles was violated? "Mrs. Sullivan appeared to be lethargic and depressed." A. Be objective and factual in descriptions. B. Be consistent and explain exceptional behavior. C. Observe behavior, then write it down. D. Focus on client behavior, rather than interpretations of behavior.

D. Focus on client behavior, rather than interpretations of behavior.

Consider the following statements about chronic pain. I. Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts more than six months. II. No major organic disorder can be found to explain chronic pain. III. The typical onset of chronic pain is the age of 41. IV. Chronic pain forms a cycle of lack of activity, then continued pain. 25. Which of the above represent true statements about chronic pain? A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II and III only D. I, II and IV only

D. I, II and IV only

Patient/client and program documentation are important because they allow which of the following? I. Increased communication among staff members II. A higher degree of accountability for services III. Information to be gathered to improve the total program A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

D. I, II, and III

Unstructured interviews are usually less desirable than tests or directed observations to gather assessment data for which of the following reasons? I. Individual TRSs may not use the same questions II. There is too much room for interpretation that limits reliability III. They are too difficult to score consistently A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III

D. I, II, and III

Inclusion is different than integration in what way? A. Inclusion assumes the person has minimal disability to distract from the activity. B. Inclusion only means a select group of higher functioning individuals. C. Inclusion is required by federal, state, and local laws; integration is not. D. Inclusion assumes the person has never been segregated.

D. Inclusion assumes the person has never been segregated.

The purpose of an assessment protocol is to A. Make sure every client has the same diagnosis and treatment plan. B. Increase sensitivity to cultural minorities. C. Align the therapeutic recreation assessment with the occupational therapy assessment. D. Increase the reliability of the assessment administration.

D. Increase the reliability of the assessment administration.

Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the therapeutic recreation department's written plan of operation? A. The mission, vision, and goals of the unit B. Comprehension and specific program protocols C. The listing of assessments, evaluation, and their administrative procedures D. Individual clients' treatment and program plans

D. Individual clients' treatment and program plans

When playing a board game Alveda will wait his turn by: I. Keeping his hands to himself; II. Sitting quietly in his chair; and III. Letting others take their appropriate turns, as judged by the therapeutic recreation specialists. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. It is written correctly

D. It is written correctly

Which of the following statements about leisure's impact on coping with stressful life events is TRUE? A. Leisure activities often intensify the harmful effects of negative life events. B. Leisure activities often have the effect of eliminating optimism and hope about the future. C. Leisure activities often disrupt one's ability to cope with stress. D. Leisure activities may be used following negative life events to attain new goals.

D. Leisure activities may be used following negative life events to attain new goals.

From assessment results, the TRS determines that Agatha has a lack of knowledge of community leisure facilities and programs, and is unaware of other people who participate in her leisure interests. Which of the following therapeutic recreation programs would be the MOST appropriate for this client? A. Leisure planning B. Social skills training C. Leisure values and attitudes D. Leisure resources

D. Leisure resources

The organization that is responsible for the certification of TR professionals is called ___. A. ATRA B. NTRS C. NRPA D. NCTRS

D. NCTRS

Which of the following provides example behaviors from an individual with oppositional defiant behavior? A. Extreme levels of hyperactivity and distractibility B. Interruptive social behaviors that are more apparent to others than the individual C. Behaviors that violate the rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms D. Negative, hostile behaviors toward others

D. Negative, hostile behaviors toward others

1. Enroll pt. in Leisure Planning class Tuesdays and Thursdays. Focus on taking responsibility and decision-making. 2. Enroll pt. in Social Singles Club weekly. Focus on initiating and maintain conversations with peers. Which of the following, if any, was MOST likely identified as the patient's/client's problems? A. A lack of knowledge of leisure resources and lack of social partners B. A lack of conversational abilities and decreased concentration skills C. A lack of repertoire of activity skills and inability to identify leisure value system D. None of the above

D. None of the above

The Joint Commission identifies three categories of outcome measures: health status, patient perceptions of care, and client performance outcomes. The Therapeutic recreation specialist reports on leisure interests, which falls in which of the following outcome categories? A. Health status B. Patient perceptions of care C. Client performance outcomes D. None of the above

D. None of the above

The minimum Data Set (MDS) is an assessment completed for individuals in which type of setting?? A. Correctional institutions B. Adult day care centers C. Outpatient rehabilitation programs D. Nursing homes

D. Nursing homes

Which of the following disciplines focuses on making and fitting hand braces? A. Physical therapists B. Nurses C. Prosthetist D. Orthotist

D. Orthotist

In order to teach adults appropriate social skills, the TRS task analyzes the skill of "beginning a conversation with a new person." All of the additional techniques would be appropriate to teach social skills, EXCEPT A. Demonstration by the TRS B. Practice and repetition by the client C. Practice with feedback from peers in the group D. Paper and pencil test

D. Paper and pencil test

The overall content covered by the Leisure Diagnostic Battery (LDB) includes A. Leisure participation history B. Leisure interests C. Attitudes toward leisure and work D. Perceived freedom in leisure

D. Perceived freedom in leisure

The TRS is treating a divorced parent who has custody of two children. The lawyer of the non-custodial parent calls seeking information regarding the status of the parent. The TRS refuses to give information. A. Principle 2: Autonomy B. Principle 3: Veracity/Informed Consent C. Principle 4: Competence D. Principle 7: Confidentiality and Privacy

D. Principle 7: Confidentiality and Privacy

Biofeedback, as a stress management technique, can help individuals learn to modify all of the following bodily functions, EXCEPT: A. Muscle tension B. Skin surface temperature C. Blood pressure D. Rapid eye movement

D. Rapid eye movement

The process by which qualified individuals are listed on an official roster maintained by governmental or non-governmental agency is called ______. A. Licensure B. Accreditation C. Certification D. Registration

D. Registration

Facilities that provide adult day care, assisted living, behavioral health, and employment and community services are MOST LIKELY to seek accreditation from A. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) B. National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) C. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) D. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

D. Rehabilitation Accreditation Commission (CARF)

Rt is the abbreviation for A. Recreation therapy B. Reality therapy C. Remotivation therapy D. Right

D. Right

Neuroleptics is a class of medications used to treat A. Lower back pain B. Sociopathic disorders C. Epilepsy D. Schizophrenia

D. Schizophrenia

In a therapeutic recreation program accredited by JCAHO, which phrase would be the TRS be more likely to include in the department's mission statement? A. The intent of services is to enhance client capacity to function independently in life activities. B. The focus of interventions on the removal of leisure barriers. C. Clients participate in therapeutic recreation to enhance leisure awareness. D. Services are monitored to ensure improvement in problem solving.

D. Services are monitored to ensure improvement in problem solving.

For the listed goal statements below, identify the behavioral area toward which intervention is directed. To wait to interrupt until appropriate conversational opportunity occurs A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Physical D. Social

D. Social

To ask for assistance when needed A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Physical D. Social

D. Social

When an agency has decided to use the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the TRS may be called upon to assess which of the following sections? A. Self-care B. Mobility C. Communication D. Social/cognition

D. Social/cognition

An individual who has a panic disorder experiences A. Maladaptive behaviors in response to social situations B. Persistent, abnormally intense fears C. "Free-floating" anxiety which tends to pervade all areas of life D. Sudden, periodic attacks of intense anxiety

D. Sudden, periodic attacks of intense anxiety

Which of the following is an example of a probe that could be used during a client assessment? A. My name is Reginald and I'd like to learn as much as I van today about your leisure. B. To summarize your comments thus far... C. And now let's move to the third section of the assessment. D. Tell me more about your artistic ability.

D. Tell me more about your artistic ability.

If the client does not understand the language used on the assessment or becomes fatigued, what is likely to happen? A. The therapeutic recreation specialist will gain insight into the sitting tolerance of the client. B. The therapist still will be able to use the assessments from other disciplines to build a treatment plan. C. Nothing, most therapeutic recreation specialists do not use assessment scores anyway. D. The assessment score will not be reflective of the person's skills, attitudes, and knowledge's.

D. The assessment score will not be reflective of the person's skills, attitudes, and knowledge's.

The State Technical Institute's Leisure Assessment Process (STILAP) assessment differs from other activity inventories or leisure interest scales because it A. Focuses on physical activities such as sports and large group games B. Assesses barriers to community integration C. Looks at the entire community environment to which the client is to return D. Translates activity skills into leisure competencies

D. Translates activity skills into leisure competencies

The therapeutic recreation specialist has clients discuss whether their daily behavior reflects their statements that their own personal health is of high importance. The specialist is using which of the following therapeutic recreation facilitation techniques? A. Bibliotherapy B. Remotivation C. Resocialization D. Values

D. Values