nervous system test - let us die

o Death may occur

Intracranial hemorrhage Cerebral edema

o Concussion

Little permanent damge

o Contusion

Significant nervous tissue destruction Coma may occur

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.

Broca's area

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

axon

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

brain stem

Which of the following are part of the Central Nervous System?

brain, spinal cord

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?

breathing

Hemi -(something)

cant use a side of body

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

central and peripheral

o Spina bifida

defects in the spinal cord and bones of the spine

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.

diencephalon

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

The nerve impulse travels directly and without pause through one neuron into another.

false

The myelin sheath insulates the axon and to slow the speed of impulse transmission.

false, it speeds it

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

frontal lobe

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

hypothalamus

Aphasia

inability to speak

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

interneurons (association neurons)

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________.

limbic system

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

medulla oblongata

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

motor neuron

Spinal cord -Gray matter of the spinal cord and roots

o Dorsal horns house interneurons o Anterior horns house mototr neurons of the somatic sysyem o Gray matter surrounds the central canal, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

- Transients ischemic attack

o Restriction of blood flow to brain o Temporary paralysis, impaired speech

stroke

o Results when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and brain tissue dies o Loss of some functions or death

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatic sensory cortex located?

parietal

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

pituitary gland

Neurons at rest have _____ inside while keeping ______ outside the membrane.

potassium, sodium

In the motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system, the _____ nervous system is voluntary and the _____ nervous system is involuntary.

somatic, autonomic

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?

thalamus

o Anencephaly

the absence of a major portion of the brain

An influx of potassium starts the process of depolarization.

true

Calcium and neurotransmitters enable the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.

true

The internal environment of a neuron at rest is slightly negative.

true

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

white, gray

Developmental aspect

- Develops during the first month - Oxygen deprivation destroys brain cells - Hypothalamus is one of the last areas to develop o Premature babies have trouble regulating body temp because of the immature hypothalamus - Development of motor control indicates the maturation of the nervous system - Brain growth ends in young adults - Neurons die throughout life o Not replaced - Disease is the major cause of declining mental function with age

PNS

- Nerves and ganglia outside the CNS - Nerves are bundles of neurons found outside the CNS - Mixed nerves o Contain sensory ad motor fibers - Sense- afferent - Motor-efferent

Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems compared

- Somatic o Voluntary o Extends to skeletal muscles - Autonomic o Chains of 2 motor neurons

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

- Alzheiner's-

a disease of the brain results in dementia, is associated with a showtage of acetylcholine

o Cerebral palsy

affects a child's movement, motor skills, lack or oxygen at delivery

o Hydrocephalus

an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in pressure on the brain