NET 2

Latency

is a measure of the amount of time a signal takes to travel from one end of the cable to the other end.

Frequency

is the number of times an analog signal's amplitude changes over a period of time.

Analog

signal uses variable voltage to create continuous waves, resulting in an inexact transmission.

Wireless Bridges

connect networks up to three miles apart using line-of-sight or broadcast transmissions. Longer-range ones work at distances up to 25 miles using spread-spectrum transmissions.

Low

frequencies carry less data more slowly over longer distances

Repeater

is a device used to regenerate a digital signal.

Amplifier

is a device used to strengthen an analog signal

IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networking Standard

is the wireless IEEE networking standard

Wireless MAN

promises wireless broadband to outlying areas. The promise is 70 Mbps at up to a distance of 30 miles. It is referred to as IEEE 802.16. Other applications include mobile wireless access and community hot-spots

Personal-Area Network (PAN) or "piconet"

The Bluetooth device that discovers the other is called a master. The Bluetooth device discovered is the slave. Bluetooth determines whether they have data to share or whether one needs to control the other. Once the conversation has occurred, the devices form a ______. It has a master and up to seven slaves. The master transmits in even time slots, slaves in odd time slots.

N

___ is an IEEE wireless networking standard that can transmit at both 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz. It adds multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and 40 MHz channels (twice the previous 20 MHz channels) to the previous 802.11 standards. With four spatial streams using a 40 MHz-wide channel, data rates up to 600 Mbps are achieved

Signals

are the means used to communicate data. It is carried on a communication channel as an electrical voltage, an electromagnetic radio wave or a switched light.

Twisted-Pair Cable

consists of one or more pairs of insulated strands of copper wire twisted around one another. The importance of twisting the wire is to improve resistance to interference and to limit the influence of CrossTalk.

High

frequencies carry more data faster over shorter distances.

CAT 6

is a type of UTP Cabling that is rated up to 1000 Mbps.

Coaxial Cable

is a type of cable that uses a copper conductor -- wrapped by an insulating layer, surrounded by a braided wire mesh and an outer jacket or sheath -- to carry signals such as network traffic or broadcast television frequencies. It uses shielding to increase the viability of the signals that pass through a cable by absorbing stray electronic signals or fields. A terminator is required to eliminate the effects of signal bounce.

Shielded Twisted-Pair

is a type of twisted-pair cabling that encloses each pair of wires within a foil shield, as well as within an enclosing insulating sheath. It supports higher bandwidth over longer distances than UTP and has no set standards.

802.11g

is an IEEE wireless networking standard that transmits at 2.4 GHz and operates at speeds up to 54 Mbps. The maximum distance of data transmission is 300 feet. It uses both OFDM & DSSS modulation.

Noise

is interference from sources near the network cabling

Downstream

refers to data traveling from the carrier's Point of Presence to the customer

Modem

converts a computer's digital pulses into analog signals for the phone line and then converts the analog signals back into digital pulses at the receiving computer's end.

Asymmetrical

data transmission is a characteristic of a transmission technology that affords more throughput in one direction than in the other direction

Bandwidth

is how many bits or bytes of information a cable can carry over a unit of time

Baseband Transmission

uses digital signals sent over a cable without modulation. It uses repeaters to restore the signal to its original strength and quality before retransmitting it to another cable. The entire bandwidth of the cable is used to transmit a single data signal. Signal flow can be bi-directional but only one direction at a time. Ethernet is an example of this type of transmission.

Mobile Computing

is a form of wireless networking that uses common carrier frequencies to permit networked devices to be moved freely within the broadcast coverage area yet remain connected to the network.

1024 Nodes

The maximum number of nodes of a 10BaseF,100baseF & 1000BaseF Ethernet is

200 Meters

The maximum segment length between the hub and a workstation of a fiber-optic cable (10BaseF, 100BaseF & 1000baseF) is

Upstream

refers to data traveling from the customer to the carrier's Point of Presence

DSL

is a competing digital technology offered by telecommunications carriers. It uses the same twisted-pair telephone lines to deliver digital services that deliver voice. The connections are not shared. It has a distance limitation between the end user's location and the nearest central office. It is "always on". It uses advanced data modulation techniques to achieve extraordinary throughput over regular phone lines. In data modulation, one signal alters the frequency, phase or amplitude of another signal.

Narrow Band

is a kind of Radio LAN Technology that does not require a clear line-of-sight between sender and receiver. It works on a single frequency and is highly susceptible to eavesdropping. It requires both a receiver and transmitter be tuned to same frequency. The range is typically 70 meters.

Spread Spectrum

is a kind of Radio LAN Technology that uses multiple frequencies simultaneously. It improves reliability and reduces susceptibility to interference. It also makes eavesdropping more difficult.

Direct Sequence Modulation

is a kind of Spread-spectrum LAN Technology that breaks data into fixed-size segments called chips and transmits on several different frequencies simultaneously.

Frequency Hopping

is a kind of Spread-spectrum LAN Technology that switches data among multiple frequencies at regular intervals. It requires a synchronized transmitter and receiver.

Attenuation

is a loss of signal strength as transmission travels away from the source.

Amplitude

is a measure of an analog signal's strength.

Phase

is a particular stage in a periodic phenomenon or process of an analog wave; refers to the progress of a wave through time.

Regeneration

is a process of retransmitting a digital signal (in the original, pure form without any noise).

MIMO

is a technology which uses multiple antennas to coherently resolve more information than possible using a single antenna.

CAT 3

is a type of UTP Cabling that is rated up to 10 Mbps

CAT 5

is a type of UTP Cabling that is rated up to 100 Mbps.

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

is a type of twisted-pair cabling that contains one or more pairs of insulated wires within an enclosing insulating sheath. It is prone to crosstalk on the cable.

802.11b

is an IEEE wireless networking standard that transmits at 2.4 GHz and sends data up to 11 Mbps. The maximum distance of data transmission is 300 feet. Effectively, data transmission won't be faster than 6 Mbps. It uses direct sequence spread spectrum modulation (DSSS).

802.11a

is an IEEE wireless networking standard that transmits at 5.0 GHz and sends data up to 54 Mbps. The maximum distance of data transmission is 60 feet. Effectively you won't see data transmission rates above 27 Mbps. It uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).

Broadband Transmission

is an analog transmission technique which may use multiple communication channels simultaneously. It uses amplifiers to detect weak signals, strengthen those signals, and then rebroadcast them. Signal flow is one-way only so that two channels are necessary to send/receive data. Cable TV is an example of this type of transmission. It carries many different broadcast frequencies (channels).

Terrestrial

microwave signals require a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. Transmitters and receivers are mounted on tall buildings or mountaintops. They use tight-beam, high-frequency signals. Relay towers can extend the signal across continents

CrossTalk

occurs when signals from adjacent cables interfere with another cable's transmission.

Microware Networking Tech

provide higher transmission rates than radio-based systems. It requires a clear line-of-sight between transmitters and receivers. They are two types of these technologies.

Network Cabling

provides a medium across which network information can travel in the form of a physical signal, whether it is a type of electrical transmission or some sequence of light pulses.

Cable Modems

take advantage of high bandwidth and availability of broadband coax cables. They provide bandwidth to end-users as a form of shared media access. They are "always on" and have no distance limitations.

Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)

use short-range networking technology to connect personal computing and communication devices. It includes devices that the user wears or comes in close contact with, i.e., cell phones, pagers, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and even watches. It is good for short range transmission, typically 10 meters or less. It uses a secure access method.

Fiber Optic Cable

uses pulses of light sent along a light-conducting fiber at the heart of the cable to transfer information. It consists of a slender cylinder of glass fiber(s), called the core, surrounded by a concentric layer of cladding material and then by an outer sheath. It sends data in one direction only, therefore two cables are required to permit data exchange in both directions.

Bluetooth

Originally, _____ was a wireless non-IEEE networking standard

Wireless Access Point

Wireless LANs have similar components to wired counterparts. The network interface attaches to an antenna and emitter rather than to cable and connectors. A wireless network requires a(n)_____to bridge wireless components and the wired network.

Single Mode

are a type of fiber-optic cable that include only one glass fiber at the core and work with laser-based emitters. They span the longest distances.

Multi-Mode

are a type of fiber-optic cable that incorporate two or more glass fibers at the core and work with light emitting diodes (LEDs). They span shorter distances

Symmetrical

data transmission is a characteristic of a transmission technology that provides equal throughput for data traveling both upstream and downstream. It is suited to users who both upload and download significant amounts of data.