Networking chap 4

ARP

(Address Resolution Protocol) — A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Network layer of the OSI Model. ARP obtains the MAC (physical) address of a host, or node, and then creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the host's IP (logical) address. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

BOOTP

(Bootstrap Protocol) — An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that uses a central list of IP addresses and their associated devices' MAC addresses to assign IP addresses to clients dynamically. BOOTP was the precursor to DHCP. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

TCP

(Transmission Control Protocol) — A core protocol of the TCP/IP suite. TCP belongs to the Transport layer and provides reliable data delivery services. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Apple talk node ID

A unique 8-bit or 16-bit number that identifies a computer on an AppleTalk network. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Format Prefix

A variable-length field at the beginning of an IPv6 address that indicates what type of address it is (for example, unicast, anycast, or multicast). (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Diskless workstation

A workstation that doesn't contain a hard disk, but instead relies on a small amount of read-only memory to connect to a network and to pick up its system files. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Rendezvous

Apple Computer's implementation of the Zeroconf group of protocols. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

DNS

(Domain Name System or Domain Name Service) — A hierarchical way of tracking domain names and their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s. The DNS database does not rely on one file or even one server, but rather is distributed over several key computers across the Internet to prevent catastrophic failure if one or a few computers go down. DNS is a TCP/IP service that belongs to the Application layer of the OSI Model. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

DDNS

(Dynamic DNS) — A method of dynamically updating DNS records for a host. DDNS client computers are configured to notify a service provider when their IP addresses change, then the service provider propagates the DNS record change across the Internet automatically. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

DHCP

(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) — An Application layer protocol in theTCP/IP suite that manages the dynamic distribution of IP addresses on a network.Using DHCP to assign IP addresses can nearly eliminate duplicate-addressing problems. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

FTP

(File Transfer Protocol) — An Application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP. fully qualified hos (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

IPv4LL

(IP version 4 Link Local) — A protocol that manages automatic address assignment among locally connected nodes. IPv4LL is part of the Zeroconf group of protocols. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

IPv4

(IP version 4) —The current standard for IP addressing that specifies 32-bit addresses composed of four octets. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

IPv6

(IP version 6) — A newer standard for IP addressing that will replace the current IPv4 (IP version 4). Most notably, IPv6 uses a newer, more efficient header in its packets and allows for 128-bit source and destination IP addresses. The use of longer addresses will allow for many more IP addresses to be in circulation. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

ICMP

(Internet Control Message Protocol) — A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that notifies the sender that something has gone wrong in the transmission process and that packets were not delivered. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

IGMP

(Internet Group Management Protocol or Internet Group Multicast Protocol) — A TCP/IP protocol used to manage multicast transmissions. Routers use IGMP to determine which nodes belong to a multicast group, and nodes use IGMP to join or leave a multicast group. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

IPX

(Internetwork Packet Exchange) — A core protocol of the IPX/SPX suite that operates at the Network layer of the OSI Model and provides routing and internetwork services, similar to IP in the TCP/IP suite. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

IPX/SPX

(Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange) — A protocol originally developed by Xerox, then modified and adopted by Novell in the 1980s for the NetWare network operating system. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

NetBEUI

(NetBIOS Extended User Interface) — The Microsoft adaptation of the IBM NetBIOS protocol. NetBEUI expands on NetBIOS by adding a Transport layer component. NetBEUI is a fast and efficient protocol that consumes few network resources, provides excellent error correction, and requires little configuration. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

NetBIOS

(Network Basic Input Output System) — A protocol designed by IBM to provideTransport and Session layer services for applications running on small,homogeneous networks. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

NNTP

(Network News Transfer Protocol or Network News Transport Protocol) — An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that facilitates the exchange of newsgroup messages, or articles, between multiple servers and users. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

NTP

(Network Time Protocol) — A simple Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. NTP depends on UDP for Transport layer services. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

PING

(Packet Internet Groper) — A TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating with the network. PING uses ICMP to send echo request and echo reply messages that determine the validity of an IP address. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

RARP

(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) — A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Network layer of the OSI Model. RARP relies on a RARP table to associate the IP (logical) address of a node with its MAC (physical) address. RARP can be used to supply IP addresses to diskless workstations. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

SPX

(Sequenced Packet Exchange) — One of the core protocols in the IPX/SPX suite. SPX belongs to the Transport layer of the OSI Model and works in tandem with IPX to ensure that data are received whole, in sequence, and error free. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

TTL

(Time to Live) — A number that indicates the maximum time that a datagram or packet can remain on the network before it is discarded. Although this field was originally meant to represent units of time, on modern networks it represents the number of router hops a datagram has endured. The TTL for datagrams is variable and configurable, but is usually set at 32 or 64. Each time a datagram passes through a router, its TTL is reduced by 1. When a router receives a datagram with a TTL equal to 1, the router discards that datagram. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

TCP/IP

(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) — A suite of network- ing protocols that includes TCP, IP, UDP, and many others.TCP/IP provides the foundation for data exchange across the Internet. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

TFTP

(Trivial File Transfer Protocol) — A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that enables file transfers between computers. Unlike FTP,TFTP relies on UDP at the Transport layer and does not require a user to log on to the remote host. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

UDP

(User Datagram Protocol) — A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that sits in the Transport layer of the OSI Model. UDP is a connectionless transport service. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

WINS

(Windows Internet Naming Service) — A service that resolves NetBIOS names with IP addresses. WINS is used exclusively with systems that use NetBIOS—therefore, it is found on Windows-based systems. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

Zeroconf

(Zero Configuration) — A collection of protocols designed by the IETF to simplify the setup of nodes on a TCP/IP network. Zeroconf assigns a node an IP address, resolves the node's host name and IP address without requiring a DNS server, and discovers services, such as print services, available to the node, also without requiring a DNS server. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

APIPA

(automatic private IP addressing) — A service available on computers running the Windows 98, Me, 2000, or XP operating system that automatically assigns the computer's network interface an IP address from the range of 169.254.0.0 to 169.255.255.255 if an IP address hasn't been assigned to that interface. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

TLD

(top-level domain) — The highest-level category used to distinguish domain names—for example, .org, .com, and .net. A TLD is also known as the domain suffix. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Subnet mask

A 32-bit number that, when combined with a device's IP address, indicates what kind of subnet the device belongs to. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Root server

A DNS server maintained by ICANN and IANA that is an authority on how to contact the top-level domains, such as those ending with .com, .edu, .net, .us, and so on. ICANN oversees the operation of 13 root servers around the world. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

ifconfig

A TCP/IP configuration and management utility used with UNIX and Linux systems. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Label

A character string that represents a domain (either top-level, second-level, or third-level). (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Network class

A classification for TCP/IP-based networks that pertains to the network's potential size and is indicated by an IP address's network ID and subnet mask. Network Classes A, B, and C are commonly used by clients on LANs; network Classes D and E are reserved for special purposes. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

ARP Table

A database of records that map MAC addresses to IP addresses. The ARP table is stored on a computer's hard disk where it is used by the ARP utility to supply the MAC addresses of network nodes, given their IP addresses. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Domain

A group of computers that belong to the same organization and have part of their IP addresses in common. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

fully qualified host name

A host name plus domain name. For example, a host belonging to the "loc.gov" domain might be called "Peggy," making its fully qualified host name "Peggy.loc.gov". (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Socket

A logical address assigned to a specific process running on a computer. Some sockets are reserved for operating system functions. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Apple talk zone

A logically defined group of computers on an AppleTalk network. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Multicasting

A means of transmission in which one device sends data to a specific group of devices (not necessarily the entire network segment) in a point-to-multipoint fashion. Multicasting can be used for videoconferencing over the Internet, for example. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Multiprotocol network

A network that uses more than one protocol. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Alias

A nickname for a node's host name. Aliases can be specified in a local host file. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Subet

A part of a network in which all nodes shares a network addressing component and a fixed amount of bandwidth. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Dynamic ARP table

A record in an ARP table that is created when a client makes an ARP request that cannot be satisfied by data already in the ARP table. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Static ARP table entry

A record in an ARP table that someone has manually entered using the ARP utility. Static ARP table entries remain the same until someone manually modifies them with the ARP utility. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Name server

A server that contains a database of TCP/IP host names and their associated IP addresses. A name server supplies a resolver with the requested information. If it cannot resolve the IP address, the query passes to a higher-level name server. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Host name

A symbolic name that describes a TCP/IP device. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Hop

A term used to describe each trip a unit of data takes from one connectivity device to another. Typically, "hop" is used in the context of router-to-router communications. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Telnet

A terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using the TCP/IP protocol. Telnet resides in the Application layer of the OSI Model. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Host file

A text file that associates TCP/IP host names with IP addresses. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Country code TLD

A top-level domain that corresponds to a country. For example, the country code TLD for Canada is .ca and the country code TLD for Japan is .jp. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Address resource record

A type of DNS data record that maps the IP address of an Internet-connected device to its domain name.

Unicast address

A type of IPv6 address that represents a single interface on a device. An IPv6 unicast address begins with either FFC0 or FF80. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

multicast address

A type of address in the IPv6 that represents multiple interfaces, often on multiple nodes. An IPv6 multicast address begins with the following hexadecimal field: FF0x, where x is a character that identifies the address's group scope. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Anycast address

A type of address specified in IPv6 that represents a group of interfaces, any one of which (and usually the first available of which) can accept a transmission. At this time, anycast addresses are not designed to be assigned to hosts, such as servers or worksta- tions, but rather to routers. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Apple talk network number

A unique 16-bit number that identifies the network to which an AppleTalk node is connected. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Loopback address

An IP address reserved for communicating from a node to itself (used mostly for troubleshooting purposes). The loopback address is always cited as 127.0.0.1, although in fact, transmitting to any IP address whose first octet is "127" will contact the originating device. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Dynamic IP address

An IP address that is assigned to a device through DHCP and may change when the DHCP lease expires or is terminated. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Static IP address

An IP address that is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Newsgroup

An Internet-based forum for exchanging messages on a particular topic. Newsgroups rely on NNTP for the collection and dissemination of messages. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

IPX address

An address assigned to a device on an IPX/SPX-based network. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Loopback test

An attempt to contact one's own machine for troubleshooting purposes. In TCP/IP-based networking, a loopback test can be performed by communicating with an IP address that begins with an octet of 127. Usually, this means pinging the address 127.0.0.1. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Resolver

Any host on the Internet that needs to look up domain name information. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Octet

One of the four 8-bit bytes that are separated by periods and together make up an IP address. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Dynamic Ports

TCP/IP ports in the range of 49,152 through 65,535, which are open for use without requiring administrative privileges on a host or approval from IANA. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

IP datagram

The IP portion of a TCP/IP frame that acts as an envelope for data, holding information necessary for routers to transfer data between subnets. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Well Knows Ports

The TCP/IP port numbers 0 to 1023, so named because they were long ago assigned by Internet authorities to popular services (for example, FTP and Telnet), and are, therefore, well known and frequently used. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 209). <vbk:1133343287#page(209)>

Registered ports

The TCP/IP ports in the range of 1024 to 49,151. These ports are accessible to network users and processes that do not have special administrative privileges. Default assignments of these ports must be registered with IANA. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Release

The act of terminating a DHCP lease. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Port number

The address on a host where an application makes itself available to incoming data. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Lease

The agreement between a DHCP server and client on how long the client can use a DHCP-assigned IP address. DHCP services can be configured to provide lease terms equal to any amount of time. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Name space

The database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names distributed over DNS name servers worldwide. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 206). <vbk:1133343287#page(206)>

Resource record

The element of a DNS database stored on a name server that contains information about TCP/IP host names and their addresses. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Switch

The letters or words added to a command that allow you to customize a utility's output. Switches are usually preceded by a hyphen or forward slash character. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Hosts

The name of the host file used on UNIX, Linux, and Windows systems. On a UNIX- or Linux-based computer, hosts is found in the /etc directory. On a Windows-based computer, it is found in the %systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc folder. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

Network ID

The portion of an IP address common to all nodes on the same network or subnet. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Binding

The process of assigning one network component to work with another. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Subnetting

The process of subdividing a single class of network into multiple, smaller networks. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Apple Talk

The protocol suite used to interconnect Macintosh computers. Although AppleTalk was originally designed to support peer-to-peer networking among Macin- toshes, it can now be routed between network segments and integrated with NetWare- or Microsoft-based networks. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 203). <vbk:1133343287#page(203)>

Routable

The protocols that can span more than one LAN because they carry Network layer and addressing information that can be interpreted by a router. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Echo request

The request for a response generated when one device pings another device. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Echo reply

The response signal sent by a device after another device pings it. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Dotted decimal notation

The shorthand convention used to represent IP addresses and make them more easily readable by humans. In dotted decimal notation, a decimal number between 0 and 255 represents each binary octet. A period, or dot, separates each decimal. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

Subprotocols

The specialized protocols that work together and belong to a proto- col suite. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 208). <vbk:1133343287#page(208)>

Domain name

The symbolic name that identifies a domain. Usually, a domain name is associated with a company or other type of organization, such as a university or military unit. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 204). <vbk:1133343287#page(204)>

ipconfig

The utility used to display TCP/IP addressing and domain name information in the Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP operating systems. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>

ping

To send an echo request signal from one node on a TCP/IP-based network to another, using the PING utility. See also PING. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 207). <vbk:1133343287#page(207)>

Internetwork

To traverse more than one LAN segment and more than one type of network through a router. (Dean, Tamara. Network+ Guide to Networks, 4th Edition. Course Technology, 2005-04-01. p. 205). <vbk:1133343287#page(205)>