Networks- Connecting to and setting up a network

DHCPv6 server

A DHCP server that serves up IPv6 addresses.

DHCP client

A computer or other device (such as a network printer) that requests an IP address from a DHCP server.

Router

A device that manages traffic between two or more networks and can help find the best path for traffic to get from one network to another.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; a protocol used by a server to assign a dynamic IP address to a computer when it first attempts to initiate a connection to the network and requests an IP address.

Fully qualified domain name

FQDN; Identifies a computer and the netwrk to which it belongs and includes the computer name and domain name. for example; jsmith.amazon.com

Subnet mask

In TCP/IP Version 4, 32 bits that include a series of ones followed by zeroes. For example, 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000, which can be written as 255.255.240.0. The ones identify the network portion of an IP address, and the zeroes identify the host portion of an IP address. The subnet mask tells Windows if a remote computer is on the same or different network. also see classless subnet mask and classful subnet mask.

Subnet ID

In TCP/IP Version 6, the last block (16 bits) in the 64-bit prefix of an IP address. The subnet is identified using some or all of these 16 bits.

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)

In TCP/IP version 4, IP address in the address range 169.254.x.y, used by a computer when it cannot successfully lease an IP address from a DHCP server.

public IP address

In TCP/IP version 4, an IP address available to the internet

Private IP addresses

In TCP/IP version 4, an IP address that is used on a private network that is isolated from the Internet.

Octet

In TCP/IP version 4, each of the four numbers that are separated by periods and make up a 32 bit IP address. One octet is 8 bits

Link/local link

In TCP/IP version 6, a local area network or wide area network bounded by routers.

Interface

In TCP/IP version 6, a node's attachment to a link. The attachment can be a physical attachment (for example, when using a network adapter) or a logical attachment (for example, when using a tunneling protocol). Each interface is assigned an IP address.

ISATAP

In TCP/IP version 6, a tunneling protocol that has been developed for IPv6 packets to travel over an IPv4 network and stands for Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol.

Teredo

In TCP/IP version 6, a tunneling protocol to transmit TCP/IPv6 packets over a TCP/IPv4 network, named after the Teredo worm that bores holes in wood. Teredo IP addresses begin with 2001, and the prefix is written as 2001::/32

Global unicast address/ global address

In TCP/IP version 6, an IP address that can be routed on the Internet

Link-local unicast address/link-local address

In TCP/IP version 6, an IP address used for communicating among nodes in the same link and is not allowed on the Internet.

Multi case address

In TCP/IP version 6, an IP address used when packets are delivered to a group of nodes on a network.

Unique local address

In TCP/IP version 6, an address used to identify a specific site within a large organization. It can work on multiple links within the same organization. The address is a hybrid between a global unicast address that works on the Internet and a link-local unicast address that works on only one link.

Interface ID

In TCP/IP version 6, the last 64 bits or 4 blocks of an IP address that identify the interface.

Neighbors

In TCP/IP version 6, two or more nodes on the same link

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4; a group of TCP/IP standards that uses IP addresses that have 32 bits

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Protocol that connects computers to the Internet. Tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet.

client/server

Two computers communicating using a local network or the Internet. One computer (the client) makes requests to the other computer (the server), which answers the request.

Any cast address

Using TCP/IP version 6, a type of IP address used by routers and identifies multiple destinations. Packets are delivered to the closest destination

Unicast address

Using TCP/IP version 6, an IP address assigned to a single node on a network.

IP address

a 32 bit or 128 bit address used to uniquely identify a device or interface on a network that uses TCP/IP protocols. Generally, the first numbers identify the network; the last numbers identify a host. an example of a 32 bit IP address is 206.96.103.114. an example of a 128 bit IP address is 2001:0000:B80::D3:9C5A:CC

Ipconfig

interface configuration; a Linux and OS X command similar to the Windows ipconfig command that displays details about network interfaces and can enable and disable an interface. When affecting the interface, the command requires root privileges

Subnet

A group of local networks when several networks are tied together in a subsystem of the larger intranet. In TCP/IP version 6, one or more links that have the same 16 bits in the subnet ID of the IP address. See subnet ID.

Host name/computer name

A name that identifies a computer, printer, or other device on a network, which can be used instead of a computer's IP address to address the computer on the network. The host name together with the domain name is called the fully qualified domain name

Domain name

A name that identifies a network and appears before the period in a website address such as microsoft.com. A fully qualified domain name is sometimes called a domain name

Port number/port/port address

A number assigned to a process on a computer so that the process can be found by TCP/IP

Static IP address

A permanent IP address that is manually assigned to a computer.

Protocols

A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.

Dynamic IP address

An IP address that is assigned to a device upon request and may change when the DHCP lease expires or is terminated. BOOTP and DHCP are two ways of assigning dynamic IP addresses.

Network Adapter/Network Interface Card (NIC)

An expansion card that plugs into a computers motherboard and provides a port on the back of the card to connect a computer to a network

Node

Any Device that connects to the network, such as a computer, printer, or router

Gateway

Any device or computer that network traffic can use to leave one network and go to a different network.

Intranet

Any private network that uses TCP/IP protocols. A large enterprise might support an intranet that is made up of several local networks.

MAC address/hardware address/physical address/adapter address

Media Access Control. a 48 bit (6 byte) hardware address unique to each network card (NIC) or onboard network controller that is assigned by the manufacturer at the factory or embedded on the device. The address is often printed on the adapter as hexadecimal numbers.

NAT

Network Address Translation. A technique that substitutes the public IP address of the router for the private IP address of computer on a private network when these computers need to communicate on the internet.

IPv6

The Internet Protocol version 6; a group of TCP/IP standards that uses IP addresses that have 128 bits