Neurology

What form of spina bifida encases meninges and spinal fluid but no neural elements? a. Meningocele b. Meningomyelocele c. Anencephaly d. Myelomeningocele

a. Meningocele

Congenital myelomeningocele is commonly associated with which of the following conditions? a. Microcephaly b. Craniosynostosis c. Hypothyroidism d. Hydrocephalus

d. Hydrocephalus

The nurse is preparing to admit a newborn with myelomeningocele to the neonatal intensive care nursery. Which describes this newborn's defect? a. Fissure in the spinal column that leaves the meninges and the spinal cord exposed b. Hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst of meninges with spinal fluid but no neural elements c. Herniation of the brain and meninges through a defect in the skull d.Visible defect with an external saclike protrusion containing meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves

d.Visible defect with an external saclike protrusion containing meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves

The nurse has received report on four children. Which child should the nurse assess first? a. An adolescent admitted after a motor vehicle accident is oriented to person and place b. A toddler in a persistent vegetative state with a low-grade fever c. A school-age child in a coma with stable vital signs d. A preschool child with a head injury and decreasing level of consciousness

d. A preschool child with a head injury and decreasing level of consciousness

The nurse is evaluating the laboratory results on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from a 3-year-old child with bacterial meningitis. Which findings confirm bacterial meningitis? (Select all that apply.) a. Decreased glucose b. Normal protein c. Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count d.Elevated red blood cell (RBC) count

a,c

How much folic acid is recommended for women of childbearing age? a. 0.4mg b. 1mg c. 2mg d. 1.4mg

a. 0.4mg

The nurse is performing a Glasgow Coma Scale on a school-age child with a head injury. The child opens eyes spontaneously, obeys commands, and is oriented to person, time, and place. Which is the score the nurse should record? a. 15 b. 11 c. 13 d. 8

a. 15

What is an important nursing intervention when caring for a child who is experiencing a seizure? a. Describe and record the seizure activity observed. b. Place a tongue blade between the teeth if they become clenched. c. Restrain the child when seizure occurs to prevent bodily harm. d.Suction the child during a seizure to prevent aspiration.

a. Describe and record the seizure activity observed.

The nurse has documented that a child's level of consciousness is obtunded. Which describes this level of consciousness? a.Arousable with stimulation b.Confusion regarding time and place c.Impaired decision making d.Slow response to vigorous and repeated stimulation

a.Arousable with stimulation

An infant with hydrocephalus is hospitalized for surgical placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Which interventions should be included in the child's postoperative care? (Select all that apply.) a. Administer sedation to decrease irritability. b. Monitor for abdominal distention. c. Maintain an accurate record of intake and output. d. Observe closely for signs of infection. e. Maintain Trendelenburg position to decrease pressure on the shunt. f. Pump the shunt reservoir to maintain patency.

b,c,d

Which are clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants? (Select all that apply.) a. Low-pitched cry b. Irritability c. Diplopia and blurred vision d. Distended scalp veins e. Sunken fontanelf. Increased blood pressure

b,d

Which is the priority nursing intervention for an unconscious child after a fall? a. Monitor intracranial pressure b. Establish adequate airway c. Determine whether a neck injury is present d. Perform neurologic assessment

b. Establish adequate airway

Which type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain? a. Focal b. Generalized c. Partial d. Febrile

b. Generalized

The primary risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy is: a. Intraventricular hemorrhage b. Premature birth c. Maternal chorioamnionitis d. Birth asphyxia

b. Premature birth

Mrs. Cooper is concerned about her 4-month-old son's unusual condition; which of the following statements made by her would indicate that the child may have cerebral palsy? a. "I'm very worried because my baby has not rolled all the way over yet." b. "He holds his left leg so stiff that I have a hard time putting on his diapers." c. "My baby won't lift his head up and look at me; he's so floppy." d. "My baby's left hip tilts when I pull him to standing position."

c. "My baby won't lift his head up and look at me; he's so floppy."

What is beneficial in reducing the risk of Reye syndrome? a. Medical attention for all head injuries b.Immunization against the disease c. Avoidance of aspirin to treat fever associated with influenza d. Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis

c. Avoidance of aspirin to treat fever associated with influenza

The nurse is planning a staff in-service on childhood spastic cerebral palsy. What characterizes spastic cerebral palsy? a.Tremors and lack of active movement b. Athetosis and dystonic movements c. Hypertonicity and poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion d. Wide-based gait and poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements

c. Hypertonicity and poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about newborns born with the congenital defect of myelomeningocele. Which common problem is associated with this defect? a. Cranioschisis b. Cognitive impairment c. Neurogenic bladder d. Respiratory compromise

c. Neurogenic bladder

The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like her oldest son did when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which statement? a. Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy. b. Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available. c. Vaccination to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis has decreased the frequency of this disease in children. d. Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found.

c. Vaccination to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis has decreased the frequency of this disease in children.

A child is brought to the emergency department after experiencing a seizure at school. There is no previous history of seizures. The father tells the nurse that he cannot believe the child has epilepsy. What is the nurse's best response? a."Your child has had only one convulsion; it probably won't happen again." b. "Epilepsy is easily treated." c. "Very few children have actual epilepsy." d. "The seizure may or may not mean that your child has epilepsy."

d. "The seizure may or may not mean that your child has epilepsy."