New Exam 4: Chapters 5, 9, & 10

Jean Piaget would have been most interested in the ____.

differences between the thought processes of children and adolescents

We commit the fundamental attribution error when we ____.

discount situational explanations for behavior and rely more on trait explanations

Children with an avoidant attachment appear to ____.

ignore their parents

Most people feel an in-group bias, which means that they ____.

view members of their own group more favorably than members of other groups

Viability of the fetus is reached by ____ weeks.

24

Approximately ____ of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender youth report having experienced verbal abuse.

80% to 90%

Which statement is true?

As of 2016, the United States and at least 20 other countries have legalized same-sex marriage.

Of the following, which is the more common eating disorder?

Binge-eating disorder

What is a typical characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome?

Brain abnormalities

Which of the following represents the sequence of reactions to death developed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Which progression represents the correct sequence of the prenatal stages of development?

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

Carol Gilligan believes that ____.

Kohlberg's model is biased against the way that females think about moral issues

Research on the number of sexual partners women had had by age 24 indicates that which generation of women may be at the highest risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections?

Millennials

Which hormone is most closely associated with bonding?

Oxytocin

The mere exposure effect is related primarily to which aspect of attraction?

Proximity

Which progression represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Children are NOT born with which reflex?

Sitting

How does the brain develop after adolescence?

The brain will continue to develop throughout life.

Which progression represents the correct sequence of Erik Erikson's childhood stages of psychosocial development?

Trust, autonomy, initiative, industry

Stanley Milgram found that ____.

a majority of people will shock a person with 450 volts when instructed by an authority figure

A prejudice differs from a stereotype in that it includes ____.

a negative emotional reaction

The actor/observer bias suggests that we ____.

are more aware of the situational explanations of our own behavior than we are for the behavior of others

The concept of diffusion of responsibility predicts that ____.

as the number of bystanders witnessing an emergency increases, the likelihood that any one of the bystanders will help the victim decreases

The strange situation procedure is used to measure ____.

attachment style

Research on temperament suggests that ____.

biological factors have a strong influence on temperament

Sexual desire is influenced by ____.

biology, learning experiences, and cultural expectations

The James-Lange theory maintains that emotion originates in the ____.

body

The two routes to persuasion that are described in the textbook are ____.

central and peripheral

The degree to which members wish to maintain membership in the group is referred to as ____.

cohesiveness

Emotions are best described as ____.

complex reactions to some internal or external event

All the major organs and biological systems (such as the cardiovascular system, digestive system, and skeletal system) begin forming during the ____ period.

embryonic

The greatest vulnerability to teratogens occurs in the ____ stage.

embryonic

Areas of the body that are particularly responsive to touch are called ____.

erogenous zones

The correct successive phases of human sexual responses are ____.

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Stereotype threat occurs when a person ____.

fears that she will be judged by a stereotype typically held about her group

The physical activities involved in drawing an accurate representation of a circle would mostly include ________ motor skills.

fine

When a door-to-door salesperson gets you to buy a product after you first agree to use a sample, you have responded to the ____ strategy.

foot-in-the-door

The collection of traits that your society typically associates with either males or females is called ____.

gender

Newborn infants' eyes lack convergence, which means that newborns ____.

have difficulty focusing both eyes on an object

Jane Elliot's "brown eye/blue eye" demonstration with her third-grade class in the 1970s showed ____.

how easy it is to create prejudice in children

A psychologist who studies impression formation is interested in ____.

how we understand and make judgments of others

Hostile aggression is designed to ____.

hurt the victim

The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act ____.

introduced federal law in the United States against hate crimes based on sexual orientation

According to Lev Vygotsky, private speech ____.

is an internal monitor to guide and facilitate thinking

The physical desire to have sex is called ____.

libido

According to Erik Erikson, an infant whose needs are not met by its caregivers is likely to develop ____.

mistrust

Our genes influence the development of ____.

nearly all of our characteristics

The two factors in the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion are ____.

physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange theory on the question of whether or not ____.

physiological arousal causes emotion

The mere exposure effect is the phenomenon of ____.

preferring the things that we have been exposed to with the greatest frequency

Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by ____.

presenting moral dilemmas and follow-up questions to participants

The study of attribution is concerned with the ____.

process of assigning cause to behavior

Scaffolding occurs when parents ____

provide initial guidance and then withdraw as children are able to complete the task on their own

A stereotype is a ____.

set of beliefs and information about a group of people

The study of how people think and behave in social situations we experience is called ____.

social psychology

The jigsaw classroom provides an example of the benefits of using ____ to reduce prejudice and conflict between groups.

superordinate goals

In both men and women, sexual desire is influenced by ____.

testosterone

The murder of Kitty Genovese inspired major research into ____.

the bystander effect

Gender permanence is ____.

the knowledge that our gender will not change