NGO Study guide

Global systems

Actors of individuals, groups and organizations make up the Global system. There behavior and interactions create war peace.

Agenda Setting

Advocating certain issues to policymakers, so they will start paying attention to the issue or issues. It involves putting issues on the political agenda. NGOS participate heavy in this arena.

Civil Society

All activity by all individuals, organization, and movements. Other then by government employees acting in a governmental capacity linked by a common interest

Organizations

Are made up of both states and non state actors. You have IGO made up mainly of states & NGOs made up of individuals and groups.

NGO

Are non- profit organizations free of Government control. They came into currency in 1945 because the UN needed to differentiate in its Charter between participation rights and intergovernmental specialized agencies, and those for international private organization. They challenge humanitarian rights, and advocate for policy change.

Neoliberal institutionalization

Developed in 1989 as a result of three categories of observations, Economics complex interdependency and institutions. It emphasis prospects for peace and power intentions of actors are just as important as capabilities.

MSF

Doctors without Boarders is an NGO dedicated to quick humanitarian relief intervention on behalf of victims for natural and man made disasters. They became into play between 1967-1970 during the Nigerian civil war. This organization can be at odds with most state governments, because they will report any human rights violations.

Constructivism

Helps identify what NGOs do , this approach to international politics argues that interest, identity and roles are socially defined. It points out that NGOs do not have the same power resources that States do. It allows the possibility that national interests are not fixed, that states' understandings of what is appropriate political behavior can be changed.

IGO

Inter-governmental organization. Created by states IGOs are established to benefit states.

State

Is a Country or territory also who is an inter-governmental organization known as an IGO. Between governments and made up of states. Organized under a political community.

Hegemony

Is the power of one social group that dominates over the country. and accepted by the less powerful. This can shape how political and economic relations are conducted.

NGO Committee

Its a standing Committee of the ECOSOC, established in 1946. it reports to the ECOSOC it meets to discuss matters in the council. It has 19 members

Resolution 1296

NGO should have a general international concern. in a particular group, person, nationality of a single person or single state.

Relief

NGOS have been seen as providers of emergency relief. Such as Red Cross dealing with relief efforts after World war 1 and 11. There missions have been short term relief missions. Even in todays world NGOS still play a role in relief missions, however, they have also narrowed most relief missions and focus on more humanitarian causes.

Boomerang theory

NGOS that find their claims of rights blocked by their own governments, bypass them and use bigger established NGOS to put pressure on their local government. EX: If there is an issue in Kenya that NGOS what to see change and petition the government and it falls on deaf ears, they provide a bigger NGO like Oxfam or Amnesty international so that can pressure the government.

Leverage Politics

Networks attempt to gain moral or material leverage over more powerful actors. The ability to influence a system without increasing resources

Accountability Politics

Networks that try to compel states to live up to norms to which they have formally agreed to.

Actors

Operate outside the framework of state systems in order to put pressures on states on a variety of front issues.

realism

The approach that states should have control over non state actors, and act in there own self-interest. They believe that the state is the only actor when it comes to national relations rather then individuals. They believe military and economic power is used to assure state survival. this determines state interest, not moral good. A State centered international system applies restraints on Non-State actors.

UN Charter Article 71

This was issued in 1945 and it empowered the ECOSOC to make suitable arrangements for consultation with non governmental organizations, which are concerned with matters in its competence. This Article also allowed the UN to put NGOS at the front foot on certain issues, for political change.

Consultation

UN Conference on International established, consultative status for NGOs UN Charter emerged from this.

Anarchy

When there is no government, has no power in the international system.

Free Rider

a person that joins an NGO because of what they can gain out of the organization, such as goods and recognition. This can be a challenge for NGOS, which is why they came up with a system to sought these people out by having member participation.

United Nations

an international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries.

League of nations

established after World war 1 this league brought much international cooperation on health and labor problems.

501c3

is a non-profit organization that is allowed tax exempts. they can accept many donations, and the donations are tax deductible .

Sovereignty

means that the States are free from external control, and have complete power.

Balance of powers

this prevents a country from becoming two strong. It balances out state forces.

Theory

to explain social thought, help students of global politics make sense of the world. Are not guesses but reliable accounts of the real world.