Notgrass US History Unit 12

What nickname did U.S. Grant receive?

"Unconditional Surrender"

How many southerners joined the Union army?

About 100,000

Who won the 1860 presidential election?

Abraham Lincoln

Who led the capture of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River for the Union?

Admiral David Farragut

What Constitutional amendment was passed by Congress but not considered by the states?

An amendment which guaranteed slavery where it then existed

What Federal action prompted the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter?

An attempt to resupply the fort

What did he mean by the phrase "the better angels of our nature"?

Better thinking than had been used up to that time

What were the three elements of the Union Anaconda strategy against the South?

Blockade the southern coast; defend Washington D.C. and attack Richmond, VA; divide the Confederacy along its major rivers

What was the first battle of the war in Virginia? What was the result?

Bull Run (Manassas Junction); Confederate victory

How did the South try to defend the west, especially its major rivers?

By establishing a long line of defense along the northern Tennessee border in western Kentucky, across the Mississippi, and into Arkansas

How did Lincoln keep Maryland in the Union?

By using every means he could, including suspending the writ of habeas corpus and putting Confederate supporters in jail

What arrangement did the new Confederate government have about Cabinet members and heads of executive departments?

Cabinet members and heads of executive departments could also serve in the Confederate Congress

Where was the 1860 Republican convention held, and who was its nominee?

Chicago; Abraham Lincoln

What four other slave states remained in the Union?

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

What was the substitute policy regarding serving in the army?

Draft laws in both the North and the South allowed men to pay a fee or hire a substitute to fight for them.

How many states were in the Confederacy and how many were in the Union?

Eleven in the Confederacy, 23 in the Union

What two forts in Tennessee did the Union capture?

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

What factor led Robert E. Lee to fight for the Confederacy?

He could not fight against Virginia

What political experience did Abraham Lincoln have before 1860?

He had served in the Illinois state legislature and one term in the U.S. House, and he had run for U.S. Senator against Stephen Douglas.

What position on slavery and secession did Lincoln express in his first inaugural address?

He said that he did not intend to do anything about slavery where it existed, and he said he believed that secession was wrong

What did Lincoln say would be his policy regarding fugitive slaves?

He said that he would enforce the law.

How did Lincoln say his position had changed from the position he held in the campaign?

He said that it had not changed

What did Lincoln say might happen among the states that seceded from the Union?

He said that some of them might secede from the Confederacy

Why was William Seward not nominated by the Republicans?

He was perceived as being too strongly against slavery

What move by President Lincoln led to other states seceding from the Union?

His call for 75,000 volunteers to join state militias

What action did South Carolina take after the election?

It seceded from the Union

What did the Confederate Constitution say about the importation of slaves? (Constitution of the Confederate States of America and the ("Cornerstone Speech")

It was outlawed.

Who was the fourth national candidate for President, and what party did he represent?

John Bell, the Constitutional Union Party (made up mostly of former Whigs)

What other states followed suit?

Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas (other states followed later)

Where was the Confederate government formed, and who was chosen to lead it?

Montgomery, Alabama; Jefferson Davis as President, Alexander Stephens as Vice President

What did Americans have in common?

Most were Protestant; most of the free population was descended from the British or from Western or Northern Europeans; they spoke the same language; and they shared intangible values such as a commitment to democracy, a pioneer spirit, and faith in and pride in America

What was the population difference between the North and the South when the Civil War started?

North: 23 million; South: 9 million (including 3.5 million slaves)

What were the military advantages of each side?

North: a standing Army and Navy, more population to draw from, better equipped; South: talented officers, a captive work force that freed men to fight, only having to fight a defensive war on their home turf

What did Lincoln say was "the only substantial dispute"?

One section of our country believed slavery was right and ought to be extended, while the other believed it was wrong and ought not to be extended.

What last-ditch proposals were put forward in Congress to avoid war?

Proposals to guarantee slavery where it existed and to allow it in territories south of the 36°30' parallel

What did the Confederate Constitution say about guaranteeing slavery in the states and any future territories?

Slavery was guaranteed in those areas.

Name the eleven states of the Confederacy.

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia

What happened at the 1860 Democratic National Convention, and who were the party's nominees?

Southern Democrats walked out. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas. Southern Democrats later nominated John Breckenridge.

How did North and South compare in terms of manufacturing, railroads, finances, and farming?

The North had more manufacturing and railroads, better finances, and was able to continue farming.

What did Stephens say was the cornerstone on which the Confederate government rested?

The idea that blacks were inferior to whites

What areas of some southern states had strong unionist sentiment?

The mountainous region where slavery was rare

Why does the Civil was have such a hold on American minds?

The pain was deep on both sides, it affected so many people, and the positions were strongly held (and are still held today by many)

Who did Lincoln say had the responsibility for deciding about war?

The people of the country, especially those of the South

What two political developments did the South hope would happen?

They hoped that the Confederacy would be recognized by Britain or France and receive aid from them, and they hoped that the North would tire of the war and want a negotiated peace

What did Alexander Stephens say about internal improvements in the Confederacy?

They should be paid for by the states in which they were to be built.

What was the main goal of Confederate military strategy?

To hold the Union to a stalemate that would lead to more favorable events

Who led the Union breakthrough action in the west?

U.S. Grant

In what two states did the most battles take place?

Virginia and Tennessee

What were the key issues in the slavery debate?

Was the main issue slavery or states' rights? Was the main question slavery in the territories or in the states? Should slavery be abolished or expanded? What should be the goal of Federal policy on slavery: protection, abolition, or limitation?