NPB 10 CH. 2 M-H Connect

A solution with a pH of 7.0 has a hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of

1 x 10^-7 moles per liter

How many carbon atoms make up the typical fatty acids found in cells?

16-18

Phospholipids do not contain 3 fatty acid like triglycerides do. What do they contain instead?

2 fatty acid tails and 1 phosphate group

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is similar to that of water, which is

2:1

Why is water a good solvent?

Because it is polar.

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

Covalent Bond

Carbohydrate molecules are characterized by the presence of the atomic grouping

H-C-OH

Four classes of organic molecules include:

Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Carbohydrates

type of carbohydrate made of one ring, which can be used to construct other carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

The linear sequence of amino acids of a protein is which level of protein structure?

Primary

How is energy released from ATP?

The last phosphate bond is hydrolyzed.

The most abundant molecule in living organisms, usually making up about 60-70% of the total body weight, is

Water; H2O

Proteins are made of smaller subunits called

amino acids.

A chemical or combination of chemicals that prevents pH changes is called a

buffer

saturated fats are found in

butter

When two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons they are united by a

covalent bond

Joining two monosaccharides together via a dehydration reaction creates a

disaccharide

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is called a(n)

element.

Carbon-hydrogen chains, usually 16 or 18 carbon atoms long, which can be saturated or unsaturated, are called

fatty acids

polysaccharide that stores glucose in humans

glycogen

bond can result from the attraction between a slightly positive covalently bonded hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom of another.

hydrogen

Which bond is a weak bond that arises usually between a hydrogen and either an oxygen or nitrogen atom?

hydrogen bond

unsaturated trans fats are found in

hydrogenated oils

Molecules and ions that attract water are described as

hydrophilic

A(n) ________ is an atom or a molecule with either a positive or negative charge.

ion

The type of bond in the figure would be a(n) ________ bond

ionic

The type of bond created between oppositely charged particles is a(n)

ionic bond.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is different from adenosine because

it contains three phosphate groups.

Of the four main types of organic molecules, the type that consists of mostly carbon and hydrogen and does not dissolve in water are the

lipids

Structurally, ATP is a modified

nucleotide

unsaturated cis fats are found in

oils

When two amino acids are brought together through a dehydration reaction, the specific type of covalent bond that is formed is a

peptide bond

The type of bond that forms when two amino acids are brought together by a dehydration reaction, a specific type of covalent bond that is formed is a(n)

peptide bond.

A fat that contains a phosphate instead of a third fatty acid is called a

phospholipid

Amino acid subunits combine to form macromolecules called

proteins/polypeptides

polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants

starch

A nucleotide consists of three parts: a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate, and a pentose 5-carbon

sugar

When salt is put into water, the sodium ions are attracted to the water molecules because

the positively charged sodium ions are attracted to the negatively charged sides of the polar water molecules.

Select all of the following that apply to lipids

~ do not dissolve in water ~ contain mostly carbon and hydrogen

Which of the following describe ways that ions can be formed?

~ loss of electrons ~ gain of electrons

chemical components that make up a triglyceride.

~1 glycerol ~3 fatty acids

Select all of the following that are polysaccharides

~glycogen ~starch ~cellulose

Select all of the following that correctly describe functions of triglycerides in the human body.

~long-term energy storage ~insulation against heat loss ~protective cushioning around organs

What makes up a nucleotide?

~phosphate group ~nitrogen-containing base ~pentose sugar

Identify all of the following that are functions of proteins.

~transport molecules ~antibodies for defense ~enzymes ~support and structure