Nr 222 health promotion 21st cent throughout lifespan and world ch 25

Bioterrorism cdc classification

-ease of spread -potential negative impact on public health -potential for public/social disruption -degree of public preparation needed

malnutrition is most harmful towards children the age of

5 and under

Botulism

A rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin

Bioterrorism

The intentional use of a pathogen or biological product to cause harm to all living organisms in order to influence the conduct of government or to intimidate or coerce a civilian popualtion

CDC

US agency designated to investigate the nations health

Why do infants in developed countries have better outcomes in natural disasters? a. Most infants in developed countries are breastfed. Correct b. Most infants in developed countries are bottle fed. c. Mothers have an adequate supply of diapers. d. Infants in developed countries have lower rates of immunization.

a Most infants in developing countries are breastfed. Thus, when natural disasters occur they tend to do better than infants in developed countries because their mothers have mobile fresh milk supplies for them as long as they are with their mothers during the disaster. Likewise, infants in developed countries whose primary food is based on formula feeding can be vulnerable owing to a lack of supplies during a disaster.

CA-MRSA

a staph coccus bacterium resistant to many antibiotics

Which of the following components are included in the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of malnutrition? (select all that apply) a. Obesity b. Inadequate intake of vitamins/minerals c. Inadequate protein intake d. Inadequate fluid intake

a,b,c Inadequate or excessive intake of protein and or vitamins and obesity are components of the WHOs definition of malnutrition. In general, malnutrition can be classified into three categories: protein-energy malnutrition, micronutrients deficiencies, and obesity (WHO, 2000). Malnutrition is not associated with an inadequate intake of fluids.

Which of the following projects fall under the guidance of WHO collaborating nutrition centers? (select all that apply) a. Research related to preserving the freshness of foods b. Educational seminars related to nutritional requirements c. Comparison of the effectiveness of vitamin pills versus fresh fruit and vegetables d. Research related to BMI and cardiovascular disease

a,b,c,d The focus of WHO collaborating nutrition centers is to promote research, training, and nutrition-centered activities. Different organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), WHO, UNICEF, and the United Nations have worked collaboratively to create several initiatives in order to address the malnutrition issue. These include programs to manage nutrition needs during emergencies, global nutrition data banks, and a global network of collaborating centers in nutrition.

Which of the following patients seen in a clinic has an increased risk of experiencing interpersonal violence? (select all that apply) a. An 8-year-old male who has witnessed his mother being verbally abused by her boyfriend b. A 14-year-old female whose parents are problem drinkers c. A 10-year-old boy who has difficulty making friends d. A 16-year-old girl who is 70 pounds overweight and concerned about her weight

a,b,c,d Violence can happen to individuals anywhere, regardless of gender, age, or nationality, and is among the leading causes of physical, sexual, reproductive, and mental health problems worldwide. Interpersonal violence is violence committed by an individual or a small group of people in a wide range of acts and behaviors (emotional, physical, sexual, and psychological). Risk factors for IPV may include a victim's low self-esteem, low self-control, and personality/conduct disorders. Other risk factors are reported to be lack of social support, dysfunctional family structure, family history of violence, and drug and alcohol abuse.

The nurse working at a crisis hotline center assesses that which of the following callers is most at risk for suicide? (select two that apply) a. A 16-year-old girl who broke up with her boyfriend Correct b. A 26-year old male who lost his job c. An 80-year-old male in constant pain from metastatic cancer d. A 40-year-old male whose brother died suddenly

a,c,d Previously suicide rates had been highest among the male elderly. However, rates among young people aged 15 to 24 have been increasing to such an extent that they are the second leading cause of death in this age group in some developed and developing countries (WHO, 2012d). Although major factors contributing to suicide in Europe and North America include mental disorders, especially depression and alcohol use disorders, impulsiveness is found to be a major factor in Asian countries (WHO, 2012e).

Which information about anthrax is correct? a. Anthrax is a viral infection. b. Anthrax can cause skin lesions or pneumonia. c. Anthrax is spread by person-to-person contact. d. Anthrax is treated by IV penicillin for 30 days.

b Anthrax is a bacillus that is not spread person-to-person. Cutaneous anthrax causes erythema to exposed areas, which later transforms into painful vesicles. Inhalation causes fever, dyspnea, cough, and chest discomfort. Other symptoms may include lymphangitis and painful lymphadenopathy. It is recommended that anthrax-infected persons receive a complete treatment of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, or penicillin for 60 days.

malnutrition

bad nourishment that can be associated w too much or too little food intake and wrong types of food. Characterized by inadequate or excess intake of protein, energy, and micronutrients such as vitamins

small pox

biological agent w symptoms that resemble influenza including fever, myalgia followed by rash

A nurse working on a postpartum unit of a large urban hospital has received a grant to begin a "Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative" developed by WHO. When explaining the major premises of the initiative to her unit manager, the nurse should stress which of the following? a. "This program is meant to encourage sibling visits in the early postpartum period so adjustment to a new baby is a smooth process." b. "A major goal of this program is to ensure that all infant/pediatric units have implemented basic safety initiatives." c. "Improving nutrition by promoting breast feeding of newborns through age four months is what this program is all about." d.c. "The purpose of this program is to make sure that all health care providers who care for newborns and children up to the age of 18 really understand basic principles of growth and development."

c. The purpose of the initiative is to improve newborn nutrition by promote breast-feeding of newborns through age four months. Through the initiative, a mother starts breastfeeding as soon as her child is born and continues to breastfeed her child exclusively, unless medically otherwise indicated or until the child is 4 months old. This includes avoiding supplemental food and drink until the older child is ready for such intake (UNICEF, 2012).

Anthrax

category agent that poses a high risk to national security

The school nurse has been asked to present a workshop on community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) for high school teachers. The nurse should stress that CA-MRSA is a: a. common viral infection that responds well to anti-viral meds. b. serious bacterial infection that does not spread easily. c. fungal infection common in school settings. d. potentially fatal skin infection that is difficult to treat.

d CA-MRSA is a highly contagious bacterial infection that is difficult to treat and can result in pneumonia and death. In general, CA-MRSA spreads more easily, has higher recurrence rates, and causes more skin problems and serious damage than the traditional HA-MRSA found in hospital settings. CA-MRSA cases have been reported by emergency departments, daycare centers, schools, correctional facilities, sport facilities, dormitories, and military stations. Persons who are generally healthy can contact the bacteria through close skin-to-skin contact, cuts or abrasions in the skin, crowded conditions, and shared utilities (i.e., clothing items and towels).

Which statement about smallpox is correct? a. Smallpox results in a rash that looks like the chickenpox rash. b. Side effects from a smallpox vaccine include acute renal failure. c. The last case of smallpox occurred in 1997. d. People who received the smallpox vaccine 50 years ago may still be protected from the disease.

d The smallpox rash is distinctive from the varicella rash. Cardiac toxicity is a side effect of the vaccine. It is believed that smallpox was eradicated in 1977. However, there are fears that a strain kept in a laboratory could be used as a bioweapon.

Which of the following interventions will be most helpful in preventing premature death in children under the age of 5? a. Use of mosquito netting in sleeping areas b. Vaccination programs c. Accident prevention programs d. Nutritional supplements

d Worldwide one out of two deaths of children younger than five years old stems from protein-energy malnutrition. At present, treating children with severe acute malnutrition involves providing special therapeutic, milk-based foods called ready-to-use-therapeutic foods (RUTF), which are soft, crushable, and tasty nutrient- and energy-rich foods that can be consumed by children six months or older (WHO/UNICEF, 2009). When a child has a good appetite with no medical conditions (e.g., hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and/or infections), RUTF under community-based care is appropriate.

plaugue

infectious disease of animals and humans cause by bacterium Yersinia pestis

World Health org WHO

international agency founded after WW2 to promote health around the world

HIV/AIds

retrovirus that causes aids

SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome

viral respiratory illness associated coronavirus/ pneumonia