NR 412 Vision, Hearing, Vestibular

meniere's loss vertigo tinnitus fluctuating sit, walk structure, fluid infection, trauma, endocrine, vascular sodium

Disorders of Equilibrium - _____ disease = Disorder of the inner ear --> Triad of Manifestations... -----> Hearing (loss/gain) -----> ve____ -----> ti_____ --> _______ episodes of symptoms occurs -----> Can be so severe as to lead to inability to s____ or wa_____ --> Possible causes... abnormality in the st_____ and/or the amount of ______ in the inner ear -----> in_____, tr____, en___, va_____ -----> High _____ diet causing fluid increase in ear

vertigo person, environment motion sickness central, peripheral central peripheral

Disorders of Equilibrium - _______ = An illusion of motion occurs --> The ______ may be stationary, but senses the ______ is in motion --> ____ ____ is a form of physiologic vertigo --> Vertigo can occur due to a ce_____ or pe_____ Vestibular Disorder: -----> ______ = Occurs from dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus in the brainstem -----> ______ = Occurs because of dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

conjunctivitis cataracts macular degeneration glaucoma strabismus amblyopia

Disorders of Vision - co____ - ca____ - ma___ ____ - gl____ - disorders of eye movement --> st____ --> am____

conductive wax, otitis, externa sensorineural drugs, noise, head mixed

Hearing Loss - ______ = Stimuli is NOT conducted to the middle ear --> Impacted ear _____, ot____ ____ - ______ = Stimuli IS conducted to the middle ear...BUT the inner ear structures (cochlear apparatus or auditory nerves) prevent conduction of sensory messages to the brain --> Ototoxic _____, no____, _____ injury - ______ = Includes both conductive and sensorineural loss

D

QUESTION: Amblyopia, or lazy eye, occurs at a time when visual deprivation or abnormal binocular interactions occur in visual infancy. Whether amblyopia is reversible depends on what A. The child has to be older than 5 years B. The child has to have bilateral congenital cataracts C. The child has to be able to wear contact lenses D. Maturity of the visual system at time of onset

B

QUESTION: The nurse documents the presence of nystagmus when assessing a client. This can be interpreted as: A. Voluntary eye movements that preserve eye fixation on stable objects in the visual field B. Involuntary eye movements that preserve eye fixation on stable objects in the visual field C. Fixed eye movements that preserve eye fixation on unstable objects in the visual field D. Unilateral eye movement that preserve eye fixation on unstable objects in the visual field

B

QUESTION: What is the best menu selection for a client prescribed a low sodium diet for Ménière's disease? A. Seafood stir-fry with fried rice B. Baked chicken with steamed broccoli C. Canned spaghetti with garlic bread D. Salami sandwich on rye bread with pickle

glaucoma aqueous humor, drainage optic nerve, vision

_____ = Increased intraocular pressure in the eye - Imbalance between the aq___ ____ production and dr_____ - Elevated pressure will damage the op____ ____ and impair _____

nystagmus pendular jerk

_____ = Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic eye movement - ______ nystagmus = regular back and forth movement - _____ nystagmus = one phase of the eye movement is faster than the other

macular degeneration central age

_____ _____ = Degenerative changes in the central portion of the retina - Results in loss of _____ vision - ____ related is most common

cataracts bilateral aging sunlight ultraviolet, diabetes, trauma, corticosteroids blurred, distortion

______ = Lens opacity that interferes with the transmission of light to the retina - Usually (unilateral/bilateral) - _____ is most common cause - Risk factors: su____ ______ radiation, di_____, tr____, drugs (co______) - Manifestations: ______ vision and visual ______

strabismus can III, IV, VI, weak, palsied

______ = any misalignment of the eyes - the eye (can or cannot) turn in various directions - the 3 cranial nerves (____, ____, _____) responsible for eye movement can be we____ or pa____ and cause strabismus

unilateral, bilateral yellow, green sticky, tender delivery unilateral, bilateral highly, direct hyperemia, tearing, exudate bilateral tearing, itching, hyperemia

______ = inflammation of the conjunctiva - Bacterial --> Can be un_____ or bi_____ --> Large amount of ye____ _____ drainage --> Eyelids are st____ and te_____ --> Can be transmitted from mom to newborn during ______ - Viral --> Can be un____ or bi____ --> (low/Highly) contagious - spreads through ______ contact --> hy_____, copious _____, minimal ______ of the eyes - Allergic --> Often bi_____ --> te____, it____, and hy_____ of the eyes

amblyopia lazy decrease, infancy, childhood monocular early 6

_______ = eye and brain are not working well together - also called "____ eye" - (Increase/Decrease) in visual acuity resulting from abnormal visual development in in____ or early ch_____. - Most common cause of ______ visual impairment. - Responsive to (early/late) treatment --> Before ____ years