NREMT 1

respirations increase in rate and depth

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

SARS is a viral infection that often begins with flu like symptoms.

Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct?

immune system

Asthma is caused by a response of the :

expiratory wheezing

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

congestive heart failure

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:

have chronic hypertension.

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. after further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. your next action should be to:

atheroscierosis

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

who have experienced a head injury.

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:

dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

Epinephrine

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. he denies any past medical history and takes no medications. during your assessment, you hear wheezing over all lung fields. his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. in addition to giving him 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. your partner is performing CPR. you are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). the AED advises that a shock is indicated. what should you do?

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. you should:

spontaneous pneumothorax

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. what is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/mins and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. the patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin. but her husband does. should:

stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. you should:

the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because the:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

deep and rapid

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. you will MOST likely find her respirations:

a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

toxic chemical inhalation.

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

reassess the blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

After assisting your patient with his or her nitroglycerin, you should:

immediately resume CPR

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

adequate air exchange

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. these findings are consistent with:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply.

Angina pectoris occurs when:

flows into the pulmonary arteries

Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:

there is not enough time in between contraction for the heart to refill completely.

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

decrease pumping force of the heart muscle

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

Hypertension

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Pain exacerbated by breathing

Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:

right atrium

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

a narcotic overdose

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

Increased carbon dioxide levels

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset.

In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

Alveoli

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

decreased blood flow to one or more portions of the myocardium.

Ischemic heart disease is MOST accurately defined as:

dry the chest off if it is wet

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:

inspiration and expiration

The two processes that occur during respiration are:

destruction of protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles

Weakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of:

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should:

severe anxiety

Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia?

Acute pulmonary embolism

You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. this patient's presentation is MOST consistent with:

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension.

which of the following statement regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct?