NSC101: Chapter 4

important monosaccharide in the body and is the primary source of energy for all the body's tissues.

False

T/F: ketosis is the result of too much carbohydrate in the body tissues

False, its too little

T/F: Bruce capacity to store glycogen is virtually unlimited

False, only 2000 calories worth

Which statement best defines insoluble fibers?

Soluble fiber support digestive tract health

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?

The body produces insulin in type 2 diabetes, but the cells fail to respond.

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

The patient's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas

To manage diabetes, it helps to

Regularly timed meals and snacks

(T/F) Around the world, most people are lactose intolerant.

True

T/F: Achieving stable blood glucose is the goal of diabetes treatment

True

T/F: Foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol.

True

T/F: The fiber rich portion of the wheat kernel is the bran layer

True

T/F: Type one diabetes is often prevented by successful weight loss management

false, that's type 2

Which term reflects the degree to which a particular food raises blood glucose levels?

glycemic index

Tina is a 22-year-old who drinks at least 20 oz of regular soda per day with minimal exercise. She has been obese all of her life and is likely to have __________, which puts her at a higher risk for developing heart disease.

high blood pressure

__________________ occurs in type 2 diabetes because the body's cells are unresponsive to ______________ in the body

hyperglycemia, insulin

When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas secretes _____. and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes ______

insulin, glucagon

Added sugar is consumed in excess of calorie need,

it alters blood lipids in potentially harmful ways

A bread labeled "high-fiber"

may not be a whole grain food

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates?

milk

Protein foods provide almost no carbohydrate to the US diet, with these exceptions

milk, nuts, and legumes

Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as ______ through the small intestinal wall and are delivered to the liver, which releases ______ into the bloodstream.

monosaccharides, glucose

Starch that you eat is first broken down in the _____ and then the ____ ______, where absorption occurs, and these monosaccharides can then be converted into glucose in the ______ before going out to the cells of the body

mouth, small intestine, liver

Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How does fiber play a role in lowering blood cholesterol?

soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.

Identify whether the following health effects are most characteristic of insoluble fiber, soluble fiber, or both. - Slows transit of food through the upper digestive tract: -Lowers blood cholesterol: -Lowers risk of hemorrhoids: -Alleviates constipation: -Slows glucose absorption:

soluble, soluble, insoluble, both, soluble

Select the best example of a polysaccharide

starch

The disaccharides include

sucrose, maltose, and lactose

_____________ is a complication associated with blood glucose regulation that is often associated with obesity.

type 2 diabetes

which of the following is the healthiest source of glucose?

whole foods

A diet rich in _____ ______ is associated with reduced risks of overweight and certain chronic diseases

whole grain

What are important functions of fiber in the body? Choose the most correct answer. 1. Helps regulate blood sugar and cholesterol levels. 2. Contributes to the development of diverticulitis and other bowel diseases. 3. Supports healthy bacteria in the colon. 4. Contributes to satiety.

1, 3, 4

How many grams of carbohydrates does the DRI recommend the average-sized person consume each day?

130 mg

The DRI for total carbohydrates for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.

130 mg

The predominant type of diabetes is type ____ diabetes, characterized by ______ resistance of the body's cells. In contrast, the person with type ___ diabetes does not produce enough insulin because the person's immune system attacks the cells of the _______ that produce it

2, insulin, 1, pancreas

Tina eats approximately 2,450 cal per day and her carbohydrate intake is 35 percent of her diet. How many grams of carbohydrates does Tina eat per day?

214 g

A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2,100-calorie diet with 45 percent of the energy coming from carbohydrates. How many grams of carbohydrates would that be?

236 g... 2,100 x 0.45 = ANS then ANS / 4 = actual ANS

How many grams of fiber per day do the Dietary Reference Intakes suggest for an average adult (man or women) under age 50?

25 for a woman; 38 for a man

The brain and nerve tissues prefer ____ as fuel, and the red blood cells can use nothing else.

Carbohydrates

Select the list of foods that would all rank low on the glycemic index.

Corn, strawberries, yogurt

What is the best example of a long-term risk associated with eating a diet that produces ketosis?

Deficiency, elevated blood cholesterol, and loss of bone mineral

For the general population, it is healthy to reduce carbohydrate intake to less than 130 g in order for the body to use protein and excess fat for fuel.

False

Identify the three monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose, and galactose

What is the storage form of glucose in the body?

Glycogen

Which of the following is not an effect of fibers?

Increased blood cholesterol levels

Which of the following statements is true of lactose intolerance?

It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.

To make sure you are choosing a whole-grain product, what should you do?

Look for whole grains listed as the first ingredient.

According to the U.S. Enrichment Act of 1942, which of the following nutrients is not required to be added to refined grain products?

Magnesium

A friend says, "My diet contains no sucrose because I don't eat table sugar." Is this likely to be true and why?

No, because sucrose occurs naturally in or is added to many foods.

You are trying to decide which type of food from the fruit group to choose for a snack, and you want to choose the one that has the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be _____

a whole orange

What population group is the top sugar consumer, taking in more than a half cup of added sugars in foods and beverages each day, or almost 90 pounds of sugar per year?

adolescent boys

Complex carbohydrates:

are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber

Whole-grain rice, after called brown rice,

cannot be recognized by color alone

What does the human brain prefer to metabolize as its energy source?

carbohydrates

Which recommendation would you make to a person with lactose intolerance?

choosing yogurt with live cultures

The polysaccharide that helps form the supporting structures of plants is

cwllulose

Which sugar needs no digestion and can be absorbed directly into the blood?

fructose

The dietary monosaccharides include.

fructose, glucose, and galactose

The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include _____ in the diet.

fruits, vegetables, and grains

The monosaccharide ______ is used for energy by all the body tissues

glucose

_____________ is the most important monosaccharide in the body and is the primary source of energy for all the body's tissues.

glucose

What facilitates blood glucose uptake by the muscle and adipose tissue and stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver?

insulin

Bodies use of fat for fuel without help of carbohydrate results in the production of

ketone bodies

The breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces:

ketone bodies

The Atkins Diet was initially a no-carb diet. If an individual has little to no carbohydrates in their diet the body shifts to using fat metabolism for energy. An increase in _______ can accumulate blood and cause ____ due to this shift in metabolism. The DRI recommends a minimum of ______ carbohydrates per day to feed the brain

ketone bodies, ketosis, 130 g

which enzyme is associated with lactose intolerance

lactase

What is a disaccharide comprising glucose and galactose?

lactose

Galactose and fructose are monosaccharides that are converted to glucose in the _______

liver

galactose and fructose are monosaccharides that are converted to glucose in the _________

liver

Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?

maintaining a healthy body weight

Evidence suggests that foods rich in fiber can improve heart health. Which food item is the best choice to lower your blood cholesterol level and reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

oatmeal

The _______ monitors blood glucose and adjusts its concentration with two opposing hormones, insulin and glucagon.

pancreas

_________ is the process by which plants combine carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to form glucose.

photosynthesis

Carbohydrates are the first link in the food chain and are obtained almost exclusively from ________. Through _____________, plants Mine carbon dioxide, water, and the suns energy to __________, From which the human body can obtain energy. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and ______

plants, photosynthesis, glucose, oxygen

A general term for complex carbohydrate or a long strand of glucose units linked together is __________. Plants store glucose as ____, whereas humans store glucose as _______. The most abundant source of glucose on earth, _____ cellulose, cannot be digested by humans

polysaccharides, starch, glycogen, cellulose

One typical symptom of hypoglycemia is ________.

rapid heartbeat

When searching for whole-grain bread, a consumer should search the labels for

the order in which whole grains appear on the ingredients list

Grapes and concentrated grape juice both provide sugars, but the grapes are a healthier choice because:

they provide fiber and phytochemicals

(T/F) Fruit punch sweetened with grape juice concentrate can contain as much sugar as fruit punch sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

true

T/F: A health-promoting 2,000-calorie diet should provide between 45 and 65 percent of calories from carbohydrates each day.

true

T/F: Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide that is made and held in the liver and muscle tissues as a storage form of glucose.

true

T/F: hypoglycemia among healthy people is relatively rare

true

t/f: in the united states, diets high in refined carbohydrate intakes, particularly added sugars from soft drinks, are often associated with increased body fatness

true