NSG 332 #2 test

A child has a pulmonary embolism. For which type of shock does the nurse monitor the child closely? 1. Obstructive 2. Neuroleptic 3. Anaphylactic 4. Hypovolemic

1. obstructive

Which rationale is appropriate for ensuring an intact and protected airway when using activated charcoal to treat a patient that ingested a poison? 1. To administer antidotes 2. To facilitate gastric lavage 3. To facilitate the administration of ipecac 4. To enable the effectiveness of activated charcoal after 1 hour

2. To facilitate gastric lavage

Which fluid is inappropriate when attempting to rehydrate a young child? 1. Water 2. Infalyte 3. Sports drink 4. Low-carbohydrate flavored drink

3. Sports drink

Which period describes the interval between early manifestations of a disease and the overt clinical syndrome? 1.Prodromal 2.Incubation 3.Desquamation 4.Period of communicability

1. Prodromal

Which age in years did more than 60% of exposures to plants occur, according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers? Select all that apply. 1. 1 to 2 years 2. 4 to 5 years 3. 6 to 7 years 4. 9 to 11 years 5. 12 to 14 years

1. 1 to 2 years 2. 4 to 5 years

Which reason is appropriate to avoid tonsillectomy in a 2-year-old child that has frequent sore throats, cervical adenopathy, and exudate on the tonsils? 1. It is contraindicated, because it causes excessive blood loss. 2. It is unnecessary, because effective medicines are available. 3. It should be avoided in a child with exudate on the tonsils. 4.It should be avoided because the symptoms are mostly self-limiting.

1. It is contraindicated, because it causes excessive blood loss.

Which complication is appropriate to prevent when instructing the parents of an asthmatic child to avoid the use of aspirin in the child? 1. Reye syndrome 2. Linear growth restriction 3. Less effective as an analgesic in asthma 4. May induce a drug reaction with other asthma drugs

1. Reye syndrome

Which electrolyte is the primary determinant of extracellular volume? 1. Sodium 2. Calcium 3. Potassium 4. Magnesium

1. Sodium

Which symptoms reflect dehydration in infants and children? Select all that apply. 1. Weight loss 2. Weight gain 3. Sunken eyes 4. Puffy fontanels 5. Prolonged capillary refill

1. Weight loss 3. Sunken eyes 5. prolonged cap refill

How is AlloDerm different from Integra? 1. AlloDerm is a two-layered artificial skin. 2. AlloDerm is made of donated human skin. 3. AlloDerm is a biologic dressing used in burns. 4. AlloDerm is made of collagen taken from animals.

2. AlloDerm is made of donated human skin.

Which statement is correct regarding the administration of varicella and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines? 1. Immunocompromised children may receive them. 2. Children can be vaccinated when they have the common cold. 3. They are allowed for children with recently acquired passive immunity. 4. Injection sites can be close to each other with simultaneous immunizations.

2. Children can be vaccinated when they have the common cold

Which clinical manifestations are commonly seen in both acute spasmodic laryngitis and acute tracheitis? Select all that apply. 1. Dyspnea 2. Croupy cough 3. Purulent discharge 4. Sudden onset of symptoms 5. Upper respiratory tract infections 6. Disappearance of symptoms during the day

2. Croupy cough 5. Upper respiratory tract infections.

Which disease would cause a child to have symptoms of fever, headache, earache while chewing, neck swelling, and testicular pain? 1. Rubella 2. Mumps 3. Rubeola 4. Pertussis

2. Mumps

Obligatory fluid loss includes which situations? Select all that apply. 1. Blood loss 2. Loss from urine 3. Loss from stool 4. Water loss from breathing 5. Water loss through sweating

2. Loss from urine 3. Loss from stool 4. Water loss from breathing 5. Water loss through sweating

Encouraging fantasy play and participation by children in their own care is a useful developmental approach for which pediatric age-group? 1. Adolescence (10 to 19 years) 2. Preschool age (3 to 5 years) 3. School age (5 to 10 years) 4. Toddler (1 to 3 years)

2. Preschool age (3 to 5 years)

What should be a priority for a 6-year-old child admitted with third-degree burns? 1. Administer prescribed antibiotics orally. 2. Start an IV line. 3. Insert an indwelling urinary (Foley) catheter. 4. Obtain baseline laboratory studies.

2. Start an IV line.

What sign is observed in both hypotonic and hypertonic dehydration? 1. Skin turgor is fair. 2. Skin appears gray. 3. Skin feels clammy. 4.Skin is cold to the touch.

2. skin appears gray

Which complication is likely to be found in a toddler with sickle-cell disease? 1. Stomatitis 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Aplastic anemia 4. Gingivostomatitis

3. Aplastic anemia

Which is the earliest postnatal manifestation of cystic fibrosis? 1. Steatorrhea 2. Azotorrhea 3. Meconium ileus 4. Pancreatic fibrosis

3. Meconium ileus

Which complication is appropriate in the child with cystic fibrosis? 1. Increased insulin production 2. Passage of watery stools 3. Prolapse of the rectum 4. Frequent episodes of diarrhea

3. Prolapse of the rectum

What is the estimated body surface area (BSA) difference between a premature neonate and that of an older child? 1. The estimated BSA of a premature neonate is twice that of an older child. 2. The estimated BSA of an older child is five times that of a premature neonate. 3. The estimated BSA of a premature neonate is five times that of an older child. 4. The estimated BSA of a premature neonate is three times that of an older child.

3. The estimated BSA of a premature neonate is five times that of an older child.

What is the maintenance water requirement for an afebrile child at rest? 1. 80 ml/kg 2. 100 ml/kg 3. 10 ml for each 10 kcal expended 4. 100 ml for each 100 kcal expended

4. 100 ml for each 100 kcal expended

Which reason is appropriate when preventing respiratory tract infections in children with asthma? 1. Increase sensitivity to allergens 2. Lessen effectiveness of medications 3. Encourage exercise-induced asthma 4. Can trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state

4. Can trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state

Which primary factor is responsible for multiple clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis? 1. Hyperactivity of sweat glands 2. Atrophic changes in mucosal wall of intestines 3. Hypoactivity of the autonomic nervous system 4. Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions

4. Increased viscosity of mucous gland secretions

Which factor is appropriate for possible multiple clinical manifestations in cystic fibrosis? 1. Hyperactivity of the apocrine glands 2. Hypoactivity of the autonomic nervous system 3. Atrophic changes in the mucosal wall of the intestines 4. Mechanical obstruction caused by increased viscosity of exocrine gland secretions

4. Mechanical obstruction caused by increased viscosity of exocrine gland secretions

Which statement is correct regarding immunization? 1. Infants should be immunized at birth or within 2 weeks of birth. 2. Preterm infants should receive initial immunization after 6 months. 3. infants should not receive two vaccines for two different diseases simultaneously. 4. Infants who miss an immunization dose should begin the whole course from the beginning.

1. Infants should be immunized at birth or within 2 weeks of birth.

Which group of patients has the greatest need for water and is more vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalance? 1. Ages 6 months to 6 years 2. Ages 7 years to 17 years 3. Ages 14 years to 24 years 4. Ages 25 years to 50 years

1. Ages 6 months to 6 years

What is the primary reason for universal screening of young children for lead poisoning? 1. Children with lead poisoning rarely have symptoms. 2. Most children are exposed to lead through herbal products. 3. Water and food in the United States are usually contaminated with lead. 4. Most children in the United States are exposed to toxic amounts of lead.

1. Children with lead poisoning rarely have symptoms.

Which disease processes decrease body requirements for fluid? Select all that apply. 1. Heart failure 2. Diabetes insipidus 3. Vomiting, diarrhea 4. Mechanical ventilation 5. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

1. Heart Failure 4. Mechanical ventilation 5. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Which intervention does the nurse recognize as having the greatest impact on the significant decline in incidence of communicable diseases of childhood? 1. Immunizations 2. New medical treatments 3. Proper hand washing skills 4. Secondary prevention measures

1. Immunizations

Which statements are appropriate regarding the relationship between anemia and lead poisoning? Select all that apply. 1. Lead can interfere with the binding of iron onto the heme molecule. 2. Blood lead level (BLL) test is currently used for screening and diagnosis. 3. Lead on the heme molecule can make it appear as those a child has anemia. 4. Children who are iron deficient absorb lead more readily than those with sufficient iron stores. 5. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) level is a good indicator of toxicity from lead and is mostly used as a screening test.

1. Lead can interfere with the binding of iron onto the heme molecule. 2. Blood lead level (BLL) test is currently used for screening and diagnosis. 3. Lead on the heme molecule can make it appear as those a child has anemia. 4. Children who are iron deficient absorb lead more readily than those with sufficient iron stores.

Which source is a common cause of lead poisoning in children? 1. Lead-based paint 2. Cigarette butts and ashes 3. Folk remedies that contain lead 4. Pottery or dishes that contain lead

1. Lead-based pain

The mother of a toddler asks the nurse what she should do with her toddler when he has a temper tantrum. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? 1. Leave the toddler alone during the tantrum as long as he is safe. 2. Punish the toddler for having a temper tantrum. 3. Move the toddler to a time-out chair. 4. Try to talk the toddler out of the tantrum.

1. Leave the toddler alone during the tantrum as long as he is safe.

The nurse advises a mother with a 2-year-old child to avoid encouraging excessive milk consumption by the toddler because excess milk consumption can lead to which problem? 1. iron deficiency 2. biotin deficiency 3. vitamin C deficiency 4. folate deficiency

1. iron deficiency

Which causative agent is responsible for erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)? 1.Paramyxovirus 2.Human parvovirus B19 3.Human herpesvirus type 6 4.Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus

2. Human parvovirus B19

Which method results in primary prevention of communicable disease? 1. Strict isolation 2. Immunizations 3. Early diagnosis 4. Treatment of disease

2. Immunizations

Which nursing action is appropriate when considering a 12-year-old child who has not received the hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine? 1. One dose is needed at age 14 years. 2. The three-dose series would be started at this time. 3. Only one dose will be needed sometime during adolescence. 4. The three-dose series would be started at age 16 years or sooner if the adolescent becomes sexually active.

2. The three-dose series would be started at this time.

Which endocrine disorder is commonly found in children with cystic fibrosis? 1. Addison disease 2. Diabetes mellitus 3. Cushing syndrome 4. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

2. Diabetes mellitus

When teaching the mother of a toddler diagnosed with lead poisoning, what should the nurse include as the most serious complication if the condition goes untreated? 1. cirrhosis of the liver 2. neurologic deficits 3. heart failure 4. stunted growth rate

2. neurologic deficits

A toddler is brought to the emergency department after ingesting an undetermined amount of drain cleaner. The nurse should expect to assist with which intervention first? 1. performing gastric lavage 2. securing the airway 3. inserting an indwelling urinary catheter 4. administering an emetic

2. securing the airway

Parents bring their infant to the clinic, seeking treatment for vomiting and diarrhea that has lasted for 2 days. On assessment, the nurse detects dry mucous membranes and lethargy. What other finding suggests a fluid volume deficit? 1. increased blood pressure 2. sunken fontanel 3. low urine specific gravity 4. decreased pulse rate

2. sunken fontanel

Which nursing action appropriately describes a nurse wearing gloves while assessing a child with herpetic gingivostomatitis? 1. Unnecessary because the virus is not easily spread 2. Unnecessary because the virus is sexually transmitted 3.Necessary because the virus can easily enter breaks in the skin 4.Necessary only if the nurse touches the nurse's own mouth after touching the child's mouth

3. Necessary because the virus can easily enter breaks in the skin.

Which purpose is appropriate for palivizumab medication? 1. To prevent secondary bacterial infection 2. To decrease toxicity of antiviral agents 3. To prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection 4. To make isolation of the infant with RSV unnecessary

3. To prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

Which age group is most affected by bronchitis? 1. Adolescents 2. Young adults 3. School-age children 4. Children ages 4 and under

4. Children ages 4 and under

Which syndrome is appropriate when a parent fabricates a child's medical history and symptoms and insists on tests being run on the child? 1. Psychosis 2. Child abuse 3. Abusive head trauma 4. Munchausen syndrome by proxy

4. Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Which treatment is appropriate for the child with epiglottitis and severe respiratory distress? 1. Antibiotics 2. Corticosteroids 3. Humidified oxygen via mask 4. Nasotracheal intubation or tracheostomy

4. Nasotracheal intubation or tracheostomy

Which characteristics differentiate nightmares and sleep terrors? 1. Nightmares tend to result in no memory of the dream, and sleep terrors tend to result in description of the dream. 2. Nightmares tend to result in a rapid return to sleep, and sleep terrors tend to result in a delay to sleep because of persistent fear. 3. Nightmares tend to occur during the first half of the night; sleep terrors generally occur 5 or 6 hours after the child falls asleep. 4. Nightmares take place during rapid eye movement sleep and are followed by full waking, whereas sleep terrors are a partial arousal from a very deep sleep.

4. Nightmares take place during rapid eye movement sleep and are followed by full waking, whereas sleep terrors are a partial arousal from a very deep sleep.

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic. The mother reports the infant has been lethargic and not eating well. The infant's anterior fontanel is sunken. Which additional information is a priority for the nurse to assess? 1. Number of hours infant has slept in the last 24 hours 2. Number of feeds in the last 24 hours 3. Skin color and cap refill 4. Number of wet diapers the in the last 24 hours

4. Number of wet diapers the in the last 24 hours

The triage nurse in the emergency department must prioritize the care of children waiting to be seen. Which child is in the greatest need of emergency medical treatment? 1. a 13-year-old with a fever of 104° F (40° C), chills, and a cough with thick yellow secretions 2. a 3-year-old with a fever of 100° F (37.8° C), a barky cough, and mild intercostal retractions 3. a 4-year-old with a fever of 101° F (38.3° C), a hoarse cough, inspiratory stridor, and restlessness 4. a 6-year-old with a fever of 104° F (40° C), a muffled voice, no spontaneous cough, and drooling

4. a 6-year-old with a fever of 104° F (40° C), a muffled voice, no spontaneous cough, and drooling

A toddler is admitted to the facility for treatment of a severe respiratory infection. The child's recent history includes fatty stools and failure to gain weight steadily. The physician diagnoses cystic fibrosis. By the time of the child's discharge, the child's parents must be able to perform which task independently? 1.maintaining the child in an oxygen tent 2. allergy-proofing the home 3. maintaining the child on a fat-free diet 4. performing postural drainage

4. performing postural drainage

A nurse discussing injury prevention with a group of workers at a daycare center is focusing on toddlers. When discussing this age-group, the nurse should stress that 1. toddlers can distinguish right from wrong. 2. the risk for homicide is highest among toddlers. 3. accidents are the leading cause of death among toddlers. 4. toddlers will always chase a ball that rolls into the street.

3. accidents are the leading cause of death among toddlers.

A parent asks the nurse if the lesions around her child's mouth could be impetigo. What manifestations would verify the parent's suspicion? 1. increased warmth, intense redness, swelling, and firmness of the skin 2.erythema and formation of pus around hair follicles 3. honey-colored crusts, vesicles, and reddish maculae on the skin 4. macular erythema with a sandpaper-like texture of the skin

3. honey-colored crusts, vesicles, and reddish maculae on the skin

A 2 1/2-year-old child and his 2-month-old sibling are brought to the clinic by their father, who explains that the older child says "no" whenever asked to do something. The nurse should explain that the negativism demonstrated by toddlers is frequently an expression of which characteristic? 1. sibling rivalry 2. need to expend excess energy 3. pursuit of autonomy 4. separation anxiety

3. pursuit of autonomy