NSG 3850 Exam 3

Characteristics of cystitis include (select all that apply) a. more common in women b. less complicated in men c. associated with cauterization of the bladder d. fostered by stasis of urine e. usually resolve without treatment

A, C, D

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to a. increase gastric motility b. inhibit secretion of pepsinogen c. neutralize gastric acid d. decrease hydrochloric (HC1) secretion

D

Rupture of esophageal varies is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ___ rate a. cure b. morbidity c. insurance d. mortality

D

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who required monitoring for signs of its occurrence is the a. woman who is parapelgic b. woman who is pregnant c. man who has glomerulonephritis d. man who has chronic UTIs

D

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a. hematuria c. bacteriuria c. glycosuria d. proteinuria

D

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? a. acute pyelonephritis b. hydroureter c. incontinence d. polycystic kidney disease

D

A common component of renal calculi is a. calcium b. cholesterol c. creatinine d. urobilirubin

A

Celiac sprue is a malabsorption disorder associated with a. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods b. megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation c. ulceration of the distal colon and rectum d. deficient production of pancreatic enzymes

A

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids b. lipids are not excreted in the urine c. body fats are catabolized d. muscles stop burning triglyceride for energy

A

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux b. nephrotic syndrom c. respiratory disease d. glomerulonephritis

A

The most common s/s of renal calculi is a. pain b. vomiting c. hematuria d. orliguria

A

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a. potassium oxalate b. struvite c. cysteine d. uric acid crystals

D

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates a. peritonitis b. mechanical bowel obstruction c. perforated bowel d. functional bowel obstruction

D

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after ____ procedures a. appendectomy b. intestinal biopsy c. colonoscopy d. gastric bypass

D

Glomerular disorders include a. pyelonephritis b. obstructive uropathy c. interstitial cystitis d. nephrotic syndrome

D

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is a. always rapidly fatal b. caused by a streptococcal infection c. associated with supernumerary kidney d. genetically transmitted

D

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ___ in the urine. a. blood b. sodium c. glucose d. protein

D

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is a. urine obstruction b. systemic bacteremia c. urethral catheterization d. infection by E. coli

D

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus c. an anaphylactic reaction d. an immune complex reaction

D

The patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalyses over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and complaints, her symptoms are characteristic of a. neuroses b. ureteral stone c. neurogenic bladder d. interstitial cystitis

D

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called a. mixed incontinence b. enuresis c. stress incontinence d. overflow incontinence

D

What dinging would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a pt with chronic diarrhea? a. negative stool leukocytes b. intermittent constipation c. abdominal pain and distention d. bloody stools

D

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." d. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored.

B

A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because a. hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis b. albumin is excreted in the urine c. albumin leaks into the interstitial spaces d. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome

B

A pt reaching chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of a. gastroesophageal reflux b. stomatitis c. esophageal varices d. mallory-weise syndrome

B

A pt who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is a. taking 6-8 tablets of acetaminophen per day b. being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids c. experiencing chronic diarrhea d. routinely drinking alcoholic beverages

B

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a. anuria b. proteinuria c. red blood cell casts in urine d. foul-smelling urine

B

The direct cause of stress incontinence is a. the effect of aging b. pelvic muscle weakness c. neurologic conditions d. detrusor muscle overactivity

B

The infection frequently associated with development of post infectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. pneumonia b. throat infection c. endocarditis d. UTI

B

The main clinical manifestation fo a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is a. oliguria b. renal colic c. urge incontinence d. an abdominal mass

B

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is a. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection b. immune system damage to the glomeruli c. hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones d. streptococcus infection that migrated from the bloodstream to the glomerulus

B

The most common type of renal stone is a. uric acid b. calcium c. struvite d. cesteine

B

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. streptococcus b. Escherichia coli c. Klebsiella d. Enterobacter

B

The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of a. WBCs and RBCs b. nitrites c. casts d. bacteria

B

When a pt. experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that a. his glomeruli has been damaged by his own immune system b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability c. his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein d. his renal tubules are full of cellular debris

B

Which sx suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. nausea b. heartburn c. diarrhea d. abdominal cramps

B

Cystitis sx include (select all that apply) a. CVA tenderness b. suprapubic pain c. dysuria d. fever

B, C, D

The manifestations of acute pyelonephritis (select all that apply) a. are mild and insidious b. can result in dehydration c. often include symptoms of lower urinary that infection d. include fever, chills, and CVA tenderness e. may include urosepsis

B, C, D, E

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis b. cardiac angina c. gastric ulcer d. dysphagia

C

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause a. hyperlipidemia b. proteinuria c. hematuria d. generalized edema

C

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for a. overflow incontinence b. reflux prevention c. urge incontinence d. functional incontinence

C

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is a. volvulus b. intussusception c. adhesions d. fecal impaction

C

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is a. overflow b. stress c. urge d. mixed

A

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience a. fever b. oliguria c. edema d. hypertension

A

A pt with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for a. Helicobacter pylori b. occult blood c. lymphocytes d. herpes simplex

A

Acute RLQ pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of a. appendicits b. peritonitis c. cholecystitis d. gastritis

A

Calcium oxalate stone formation is facilitated by a. hypercalciuria b. hypoparathyroidism c. low urine pH d. protein intake

A

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is a. acute glomerulonephritis b. polycystic kidney disease c. cystitis d. renal insufficiency

A

The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is a. neurogenic bladder b. detrusor inactivity c. bladder prolapse d. cystitis

A

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with a. bloody diarrhea b. malabsorption of nutrients c. fistula formation between loops of bowel d. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel

A

Renal stone formation is affected by (select all that apply) a. urine concentration b. urine pH c. metabolic/congenital conditions d. dietary intake e. potassium level

A, B, C, D

Urge incontinence is often because of (select all that apply) a. aging b. bladder infections c. obesity d. prostate enlargement e. diuretics

A, B, D, E

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is a. positive family Hx b. dehydration c. smoking d. drinking alcohol

B

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is a. extraurethral b. functional c. urge d. stress

B

The different between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence a. occurs in women, whereas urge incontinence occurs in both men and women b. occurs during sleep, whereas urge incontinence occurs during the waking hours c. is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle d. is caused by a detrusor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a neurologic problem

C

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a pt.'s report of dysphagia? a. nasal regurgitation b. airway obstruction with swallowing c. chest pain during meals d. coughing when swallowing

C