NT Quiz 2

Ch. 5 Sources for the Stories of Jesus -There is a desire to reconstruct the historical Jesus but also an emphasis on weighing the value of our sources -Of Pagan sources, nothing mentions Jesus among the thousands of pages surviving from first century roman empire. Roman governor Pliny living in Bithynia writes about a christian cult who worships Jesus and if he should prosecute them - 2nd century. Roman historian Suetonius wrote about riots in Rome centered on a man named "Chrestus" during the reign of Emperor Claudius - 2nd century. Tacitus mentions Jesus was executed at the hands of Pontius Pilate during the reign of Tiberius in his "annals" -We seek independent information about Jesus that supplements what the gospels have The Mishnah,the Tosefta, Targums and Talmuds all respond to Christian writings Josephus describes Jesus as "the Christ" in his talks of James being killed by Annas the high priest He even mentions the resurrection -Apocryphal gospels : Gospel of Peter. Gospel of Thomas provides sayings of Jesus that are authentic and historically reliable

-The Genre "Gospel": The "gospel" was not used for written document but meant a "great announcement" or a proclamation. Many inclined to view them as autobiographies -Literary criticisms of the Gospels: The assumption exists that a primitive gospel preceded that of the synoptic. Another is that Matthew wrote the first gospel and Mark abbreviated Matthew and Luke used both of theirs. Some which Mark and Luke. Some reference the existence of Q as a common source for Matthew and Luke. Many hypotheses exist. John is increasingly viewed as an independent recorder of events from Jesus' life. - Historical Criticisms of the Gospels: Schmidt argues that episodes were pieced together to create Mark's gospel. Units of traditional were called forms. Form critics claimed that the gospel materials were preserved because they met some need to in Christian communities -The authenticity of the Gospels. The heart of our question is "Was the church in this earliest era successful in preserving Jesus' sayings and deeds so that the gospel record is accurate?" 1. The stylistic forms of Jesus' sayings Many catch phrases easily remembered The era of historical Jesus is indeed reflected in the gospels by Aramaic 2. The terminology of tradition Paul was a rabbi who has the ability to retain a vast amount of material and transmit them to a new generation 3. The function of the apostles Guardians and transmitters of authoritative traditions about Jesus 4. Cultural role of memory 5. Eyewitness and the lapse of time The same generation who heard Jesus speak also was alive during the writing of the Gospels 6. Written records Notes exist for other events at that time and perhaps even about Jesus 7. Christian prophecy and caution People were cautious around prophets so they couldn't make this all up 8. Respect for he's sayings of Jesus 9. Dissimilarity of interest The burning issues that troubled the earliest Christians are not the words of Jesus. Therefore, as jesus talks about his own interest, we know others aren't making this up either.

Ch. 6 Birth and Earliest years. Matthew and Luke tell the story of Jesus' birth. Return to Bethlehem for Roman census . Matthew records details about Joseph, the star, Magi, attack of Herod's soldiers, and flight to Egypt. Parallels Moses and Jesus Luke includes John the Baptist, visit of shepherds, purification of Mary, and the naming of Jesus -Poor and lowly as models for salvation. Became literate through Hebrew torah, Hazzan, the teacher or custodian. By 20 he was experienced debating skilled craftsmen, twice each day he recited the shema, and was a typical Jew

Genealogy of Jesus in Matthew and Luke Judaism had a keen interest in genealogies because proof of priestly and royal lineages brought privilege and power Jesus both human and divine

Ch. 8 According to Matthew Audience primarily Jewish. The gospel originates in Palestine or Syria. Original Hebrew writing style. Likely after the first failed Jewish Revolt. Jesus speaks about history. Literary style is symmetry. 5 sections: Sermon on the Mount, Missionary Discourse, Parables of the Kingdom, Judgement discourse. - Genealogy shows proof of royal lineage. He is linked to humanity and the son of God.

Intro: Birth in Bethlehem/ Baptism to start public ministry and Ids with us. -Galilean Ministry: Goes to Capernaum. Sermon on Mount parallels Moses ascend to heaven for Gods revelation. Response and cite. Central them is KOH. - Moves toward Jerusalem: Begins to be challenged -Authorship and Date: book mentions no author. Would an eye witness use Mark as a resource, Trinity is not what Jesus taught so further out, cover someone? -If it was Matthew this was during apostolic period. 60s to 80s.

Ch. 9 The Gospel According to Mark: Quick-paced and dramatic that it appears ready for oral presentation Starts with many miraculous events and turns with the who do you think I am question. And then towards his fate -The setting of Mark: Clement of Alexandria said that the gospel was written in Rome due to his association with Peter and his martyrdom in Rome. Spoke Greek and Hebrew words and Aramaic names are translated -Mark's Literary Form: Mark wants to persuade us that Jesus is the messiah embraced by the world. He is introduced in public to the communities of Galilee. He teaches privately -Ministry of Jesus in Galilee: Prologue: John the baptist is introduced and parallels Elijah and introduces Jesus. Jesus is baptized and we see he endowed with the Spirit and sent deeper into the desert to be tested as were the Israelites. -The First Phase of the Galilean Ministry: John is arrested yet no hints of opposition. John prepares Israel for God's salvation history. Jesus moves north and begins to teach and heal and his fame grows -The Second Phase of the Galilean Ministry: Opposition begins to test him. He forms his 12 disciples representing the tribes of Israel. Peter James and John learn about him most personally. They can heal and defeat Satan. Jesus moves to a quiet place to avoid Herod -Third Phase of the Galilean Ministry Jordan river inlet served as a political and cultural boundary in Galilee. East Greek and West Jewish. Philip vs Herod Jesus establishes clean and unclean don't apply

Suffering of Jesus in Jerusalem: Jesus travels to Jerusalem. Jesus probes his followers understanding of his identity. He is the messiah and this occurs far from the epicenter of Jewish faith. He prepares for his death. Jesus Enters Jerusalem. Jesus arrives to Jericho recognized and celebrated. He has a confrontation in the temple -Curses the fig tree, a symbol of Israel He uses the parable of the vineyard and tenants and announces Jerusalems downfall Jesus dies in Jerusalem He is mocked and labeled king He is buried by the rich and tended by the poor women The ending is mysterious and left for us to complete with our own belief - Authorship and Date The Gospels were likely personal documents and thanks to travel Christians began to read each others texts. Mark is was the interpreter of Peter and his scribe according to Papias -Mark is one of the most popular names in the Roman world and would not be a great pseudonym. Therefore, he was a greek speaking convert who knew some Aramaic and converted Written just before or after Peter's death and never mentions the fall of the temple so before 70 AD

Ch. 7 - The Teachings of Jesus: We should think of Jesus as a metaphorical theologian who uses drama, humor, and storytelling as his methods. The rabbi was to have an occupation through which God granted the means to teach; not a self-sustaining job. -Jesus' Authority: Authority was conveyed by a rabbi through a solemn rite. He leaned on his disciples and placed his hands on his head. Emphasis on stream of tradition. The reshuth cannot be be broken. Began with Moses who was ordained by God. Jesus claimed ordination by God's hand just like Moses -Jesus' teaching style: Simplicity and storytelling do not betray a lack of profundity. Overstatement and gross exaggeration, puns, similes and metaphors, proverbs -Jesus' parables: Parables provoke a response and lead us to probe deeper. They held poetic form that made them easy to retain and poignant to hear. At the heart of each parable lies a crisis

Themes in Jesus' teaching: The Kingdom of God. This eschatological coming was felt fervently in Jesus' era and led to literature such as apocalyptic announcing the imminent conclusion to world history. The kingdom was: in the present, and experiencing resistance and hostility - Discipleship in the kingdom. He called men and women to himself. He formed a self-conscious messianic community where they found qualities of forgiveness love generosity and devotion. Father lacked a personal element. Intimate conversation as prayer -The ethics of the kingdom. He sought to transform his followers' lives. Transform the inner life -The cross and the kingdom -Christology We explore his true identity in that he claims to be God. In John, what the synoptic stated subtlety is made explicit. He is God. 1. Messiah is transliteration of the Hebrew Jashia he and refers to the anointed one describing a king or prophet 2. Son of God is another title used for Israel's kings as heavenly beings such as angels 3. Son of Man - a celestial figure