NUR 208 Lesson 5 (Early childhood)

The parents of a 30-month-old say that their daughter is not talking in short sentences. The most appropriate response is:

"Let's make an appointment with your pediatrician for an evaluation."

By the 1990s in the city of Seattle, WA in the High Point neighborhood, how many households were estimated to be affected by asthma?

1/9

The health-care worker designing a class on maintenance of good nutrition for middle childhood children would ensure each class lasted no more than ___ minutes.

45

Most children use sentences of five words by the age of ____ years.

5

Complete myelinization of the brain does not occur until the age of:

7 years.

According to Piaget's theory, which of these statements would be provided regarding a 4-year-old child? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) The child will only be able to consider his or her own point of view. B.) The child will consider that inanimate objects may be alive. C.) The child will think about an action before performing it. D.) The child will believe that his or her actions are scrutinized. E.) The child will be able to order things according to length.

A,B,D

Where you live can have an impact on your health. What are some community factors that may play a role? A.) Social environment B.) Economics C.) Physical environment D.) All of the above

All of the above

According to the Place Matters video, how much were researchers estimating that asthma care for a child would cost per year due to repeated emergency room visits?

Anywhere from $3000 to $5000

According to Erikson's stages of life, which is the stage of development when a child begins walking, feeding, and using the toilet?

Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt

The health-care worker giving parents guidelines about discipline for their school-age children would include which of the following guidelines?

Discipline should combine reward and punishment, based on age-appropriate behavior expectation.

According to Piaget, during which developmental stage is the pediatric client egocentric?

Early childhood

What are some of the physiologic ramifications from chronic stress?

Elevated hormone levels leading to increased risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and immunocompromise

_________________ applies gaming elements to real world activity

Gamification

Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which parental behavior is interfering with a 9-year-old's achievement of her or his developmental task?

Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project

In which stage does the nurse teach the parent about child impulse control and cooperative behaviors, according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Initiative versus guilt

A child wants to be on time for a family dinner. According to Kohlberg's theory, what stage of development is the child going through?

Instrumental relativist orientation

According to the Place Matters video, in 2005, Richmond, CA had one of the highest rates of _____________?

Murder

Which statement made by the client indicates the autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

My kid has started to walk on his or her toes.

Which period of Piaget's theory explains animism in a child?

Period II

A nursing instructor is explaining to a group of nursing students that preschoolers often exhibit the Electra complex during their psychosocial development. At which stage of Freud's theory is the Electra complex seen?

Phallic

According to Freud's theory, which stage should the nurse include while educating the parents about a preschooler?

Phallic

According to Piaget's theory, which period describes a child's stage of egocentrism?

Preoperational

Which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development would the nurse observe in a preschooler?

Preoperational

Which nutritional recommendation will ensure the caloric and nutritional needs of young children are met?

Provide nutrient dense foods.

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory is the child's moral reasoning driven by fear of punishment?

Stage 1

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse about Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development. While teaching, the registered nurse states, "Children follow the parents' rule of being at home on time." Which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is the registered nurse explaining?

Stage II

What was one community improvement project that occurred as a result of the asthma rates in Seattle's High Point neighborhood?

The U.S. government extended grants to the Seattle Housing Authority and other partners to build Breathe Easy homes that would include gardens and new ventilation systems

While interacting with a 4-year-old child, the nurse observes that the child exhibits which behavior that is congruent with Piaget's cognitive developmental theory?

The child is unable to see things from others' perspectives.

While assessing the moral development of a child according to Kohlberg's theory, the nurse determines that the child is at the preconventional level of moral development. Which behavior led the nurse to this conclusion?

The child is very obedient and tries to avoid punishment from parents and teachers.

According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would a toddler exhibit?

The child starts performing self-care activities.

The nurse is examining different statements that represent the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. Which statement indicates that the individual is aged between 6 to 12 years?

The individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments.

Erik Erikson describes the major developmental task of the toddler to be:

autonomy.

A 12-year-old girl is frequently teased about being taller than anyone else in the class. This teasing:

can damage the girl's self concept.

Age-appropriate literacy skills for a 24-month-old include the child taking a book and:

carrying it around the house.

Eight-year-olds enjoy play that employs:

competitive team play.

The parents of 9-year-old twins say, "They have filled up their bedroom with collections of rocks, shells, dolls, and baseball cards." This is indicative of:

concrete cognitive behavior.

The behavior that alerts the school nurse to a possible cognitive deficit in a 7-year-old child would be:

confusing letters b, d, and g.

The description of behaviors of the school-age child that is most closely linked to Erikson's theory is that during this time, school-age children:

continue to use infantile traits to influence their behavior.

Anticipatory guidance for the family of an 11-year-old girl should include that they should expect their daughter to exhibit:

desire for privacy.

When a 9-year-old boy feels bad about having cheated on a test, the child is exhibiting the moral behavior phase of:

emotion

When preparing parents to teach their children about sexuality, the health-care worker should emphasize that they should:

expect some masturbatory behavior.

In middle childhood, the child's developing cognition is more focused on:

fact.

According to Piaget, school-age children are concrete thinkers, and _______ learning is retained best.

hands-on

According to Freud, the child is in a period of latency during middle childhood, which is characterized by:

identification with the parent of the same sex.

A parent of a 24-month-old boy say that the child has frequent tantrums and that "no" is becoming his favorite word. This behavior:

is a response to frustration in gaining autonomy.

The activity that is most appropriate for a hospitalized 5-year-old who is allowed to go to the playroom is:

joining a group of boys and girls who are playing house.

According to Kohlberg, the development of _________ _____________ occurs as cognitive function matures and the school-age child learns to understand rules and to determine if an action is right or wrong.

moral reasoning

The preschool child learns socially acceptable behavior through the use of:

positive reinforcement.

The school nurse is to begin teaching sex education to children in the fifth grade. The nurse should plan to:

present sex as a normal part of growth and development.

The health-care worker assesses a decrease in egocentrism in a 7-year-old when the child demonstrates:

recognition of opinions of others.

A 2-year-old should be able to:

run

According to Kohlberg, the moral task of childhood is learning to:

share with others.

An example of parallel play is a toddler:

sitting with another toddler playing with toys without interaction.

A 5-year-old boy has been having increasingly more frequent angry outbursts in preschool. For the past 8 to 10 weeks, he had seven episodes of aggressiveness toward the other children and the teachers. The best advice would be to:

take the child for a professional psychosocial assessment.

Frequent spankings as a discipline technique can:

teach violent behavior.

The toddler is vulnerable to ear infections because:

there is a short, straight internal ear canal leading to the oropharynx.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-V) for school-age children e has been administered to a group of 7-year-olds. The parents of one of the children ask why this test is being administered to these children. The best response is:

"This test can be used to predict school ability and future performance."

A parent has a 2-year-old in the clinic for a well-child checkup. Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for more instruction regarding child safety?

"We're using the car seat belt instead of the car seat now that the baby is older."

A "time-out" for unacceptable behavior may be effective discipline for children between 1 and 6 years of age if the time-out period is no more than ____ minute(s) per year of child's age.

1

Dental evaluations should start at the age of ____ months.

12

According to Erikson's theory, at which age would a child develop self-control and independence?

18 months to 3 years old

Middle childhood-age children will grow on the average of _____ per year.

2 inches

The nurse is using Piaget's theory to assess the cognitive development in a child. Which age most likely correlates a child who has reached a developmental milestone grasping the concept of conservation of numbers for the first time?

5 years

Preschool children need a minimum of ____ minutes a day of age-appropriate active play.

60

According to Piaget, which data would the nurse expect from a school-age child during the assessment? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Classifying objects B.) Understanding reversibility C.) Having theoretical thoughts D.) Describing a process without actually doing it E.) Believing personal actions are constantly being scrutinized

A,B,D

The home health-care worker would assess the indication of sexual abuse in a preschool child if assessments were made of the child's: (Select all that apply.) A.) positioning dolls in sexual positions. B.) excessive sexual curiosity. C.) removing clothes to play nude. D.) playing "doctor." E.) drawing genitals on dolls.

A,B,E

The major health teaching need(s) of middle childhood include: (Select all that apply.) A.) injury prevention. B.) ethical behavior. C.) scoliosis screening. D.) driving safety. E.) need for immunizations.

A,C,E

According to Piaget's theory, which are the cognitive or moral developmental changes in children aged 6 to 12 years? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) The child develops logical thinking. B.) The child is in the sensorimotor period. C.) The child is in the preoperational period. D.) The child is in the concrete operations period E.) There is a progress from reflex activity to simple activity.

A,D

Which stages would the nurse explain that a toddler goes through, according to Freud's theory? Select all that apply. A.) Anal B.) Phallic C.) Latency D.) Genital E.) Oral

A,E

Which activities would the nurse perform to meet the client's safety and security needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) Providing a cold bath to reduce the client's body temperature B.) Positioning the bed in a low position and keeping the side rails up C.) Monitoring vital signs, such as blood pressure to decrease the risk of falls D.) Observing a client who has suicidal tendencies to prevent adverse incidents E.) Collaborating with family members to provide emotional support for the client post-surgery

B,C,D

Parents of latchkey children can help ensure their safety by instructing the child to: (Select all that apply.) A.) watch TV until an adult comes home. B.) walk to and from school with friends. C.) call a work number if necessary. D.) inform callers that parents are out. E.) practice route of escape in case of fire.

B,C,E

Which statement is true of the middle childhood stage according to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning? Select all that apply. A.) The child is in the post-conventional level. B.) The child is in the conventional level. C.) The child develops a punishment-obedience orientation. D.) The child develops a good boy-nice girl orientation. E.) The child develops a social contract orientation.

B,D

According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial developmental changes are observed in middle childhood? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.) The child is highly imaginative. B.) The child is able to trust others. C.) The child is engaged in tasks and activities. D.) The child can differentiate between industry and inferiority. E.) The child develops self-control and independence.

C,D

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development?

During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities.

A 10-year-old child has been working on earning all of the scouting badges. Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is this child achieving?

Industry

Which situation indicates that the child has reached the concrete operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

The child is able to understand that the volume, length, or shape of an object remains the same despite a change in their physical appearance.

The child experiencing middle childhood forms a positive self-esteem from:

developing internal sources.

Toilet training is dependent on:

developing sphincter control.

According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief that:

dolls are real people.

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her mother finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. The repeated behavior is due to:

inability to understand cause and effect.

A parent says, "I am worried about my 13-year-old son. He hasn't started puberty, and my daughter did when she was 11 years old." The health-care worker should explain to this parent that this is:

normal because the onset of puberty is usually earlier in girls than in boys.

When a toddler snatches a toy from another toddler, this behavior is:

typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

When a toddler acquires receptive language skills, the child is able to:

understand simple messages.

The child is involved in fantasy play when the child:

uses the sandbox as a sailboat.