NUR 371 EXAM 2
Activity Theory
- Actions, roles, and social pursuits are important for satisfactory aging
The mnemonic ASD for autism spectrum disorder stands for
- Aloneness, autistic - Development, early - Sameness, insistence upon
Which of the following would be effective at managing a panic attack?
- Alprazolam (Xanax) - Clonazepam (Klonopin)
What are part of the U R SAFE mnemonic for delirium?
- Antipsychotics - Sleep - Reorientation
Which of the following are psychotherapies for treating autism spectrum disorder?
- Applied behavior analysis - early start Denver model - early intensive behavioral intervention
Which of the following psychotherapies have been associated with effective treatment of depressive disorders?
- CBT - Group therapy - IPT
Symptoms and treatments for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) include:
- CBT - little information is available about DMDD - constant and severe irritability and anger
Which of the following are FDA approved for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
- Clomipramine (Anafranil) - Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
The main nonstimulants used for treating ADHD include
- Clonidine (Kapvay/Catapres) - Atomoxetine (Strattera) - Guanfacine (Intuniv/Tenex)
Which of the following psychotherapies have proven effective in treating anxiety disorders?
- Cognitive behavioral therapy - Behavioral therapy
What is the CURBSIDE mnemonic for capacity assessment?
- Communicate - Explain - Risks
Which are elements of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale?
- Consolability - Breathing independent of vocalization - Facial expression
The EGADS! part of the generalized anxiety disorder mnemonic includes which of the following?
- Days (most) - Excessive - six or more months
The DIG FAST mnemonic for mania includes:
- Distractibility - Sleep - Impulsivity
Which of the following are important questions to ask when evaluating outcomes of anxiety treatments?
- Does the patient perform self-care activities adequately? - Does the patient recognize symptoms as anxiety-related? - is the patient able to assume usual roles?
Which of the following are FDA approved for generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents?
- Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
What are characteristics of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
- Frequently unable to do play or leisure activities quietly - frequently talks excessively - frequently has difficulty waiting for their turn - frequently fidgets or taps hand for feet or squirms in seat - frequently runs around or climbs when it is not appropriate - frequently leaves seat when being seated is expected
What are the parts of the FIDGETY menomonic for ADHD?
- Functionally imparing - Two or more settings - young at onset
Major SE of Atomoxetine (Strattera) Include:
- GI Issues - Insomnia - Fatigue
Major side effects of Atomoxetine (Strattea) include:
- GI issues - insomnia - fatigue
Important nursing outcomes related to obsessive-compulsive and related disorder nursing diagnoses include:
- Improved body image - Reduced self-destructive behavior - Improved coping
The DIG FAST mnemonic for mania is:
- Impulsivity - Sleep - Distractibility
Which of the following are symptoms that can contribute to a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)?
- Insomnia/hypersomnia almost daily - significant, unintentional weight gain or loss of more than 5% in a month - fatigue or loss of energy almost daily
Which of the following are included in the HE RILED UP mnemonic for ADHD?
- Interrupts - Unseated - Running around
Which of the following are part of the Where the F AM I mnemonic for delirium?
- Medical causes - Hallucinations - Fluctuating
The components of the MISERA-ble mnemonic are
- Muscle tension - Restlessness - Energy (low)
Which of the following relate to esketamine (ketamine)?
- NMDA receptor antagonist - affects glutamate - side effects include hypertension, dizziness, sedation, numbness
Match the scores from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test—Geriatric Version (MAST-G) to their meanings.
- No alcohol use disorder indicated -> 3 - Indicative of alcohol use disorder -> 4 - Potential alcohol use disorder -> 5+
Which of the following are medications commonly used to manage acute anger and aggression?
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - Haloperidol (Haldol) - Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Helpful interviewing techniques for older adults include:
- Pace the interview to allow the patient to come up with answers and avoid interrupting prematurely - be aware of all medications taken by the patient and look for side effects, effectiveness, and drug-drug interviews - Assessment mental status for recent and remote memory to determine if confusion exists
Which of the following would be considered first line treatment for most anxiety disorders?
- Paroxetine (Paxil) - Escitalopram (Lexapro) - Sertraline (Zoloft)
Which of these are interventions recommended for treating children?
- Play therapy - Music therapy - Journaling
Which of the following are important nursing diagnoses for treating people for aggression?
- Risk for suicide - Risk for violence - Impaired coping
Substances that cause obsessive-compulsive symptoms include:
- SGA - cocaine - heavy metals
Which of the following are components of the STUDENTS Fear C's mnemonic?
- SOB - trembling - dissociation
Important strategies for performing assessment of older adults include
- Sit at the same level as the patient to establish rapport and put the patient at ease - Ensure adequate lighting and noise reduction to help people who may have auditory and/or visual impairments - Use touch (with permission)
Which of the following are components of the SURP-rise! mnemonic?
- Sudden - Unexpected - Recurrent
Which of the following are helpful psychotherapeutic techniques to use with older adults?
- Using empathetic understanding and active listening - helping with the use of problem solving apporaches - giving health education, discussing alternatives, and encouraging questions
Dissociation
- a disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment that results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of onself
The bereavement exclusion existed so that
- a label resulting from a psychiatric diagnosis is not created - unnecessary medications are not prescribed - normal mourning is not seen as pathological
Altruism
- a mostly unconscious drive to care and be concerned about others as well as act to promote the wellbeing of others deals with the unconscious rejection of emotionally
Intellectualization
- a process by which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into processing
What are the characteristics of children and adolescents who are mentally well?
- acting in a way that is appropriate to their development level and aligns with social norms - adapting to and coping with anxiety and other stressors using behaviors appropriate for their age - trusting of others and seeing the world as safe and supportive
Which of the following are characteristic of children and adolescents who are mentally well?
- adapting to and coping with anxiety and other stressors using behaviors appropriate for their age - acting in a way that is appropriate to their developmental level and aligns with social norms - trusting of others and seeing the world as safe and supportive
Which of the following are true regarding depression in childhood/adolescence and older adults?
- adolescents have higher rates of depression than adults - older adults with depression are more likely to die by suicide than younger adults - infants can display depressive symptoms
Substances associated with substance/medication-induced depressive disorder include:
- alcohol - corticosteroids - statins
The guidelines for assessing depression include:
- always evaluate for risk of harm to self or others - evaluate if depression is primary or secondary to other disorders - assess which previous treatments worked and which did not work
Which parts of the brain are associated with anxiety disorders?
- amygdala - hypothalamus - hippocampus
Sublimation
- an unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulses
Which of the following are feelings and emotions associated with major depressive disorder (MDD)?
- anger and irritability - helplessness and hopelessness - guilt
What is the U R SAFE mnemonic for delirium?
- antipsychotics - sleep - reorientation
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
- anxiety - obesity - pain - treatment-resistant depression
Important nursing diagnoses related to obsessive-compulsive disorders and related conditions include
- anxiety - risk for self-destructive behavior - impaired skin integrity
Which of the following are interventions for mild-to-moderate anxiety?
- ask questions to clarify what is being said - explore behaviors that have worked to relieve the patients anxiety in the past - encourage the patient to talk about feelings and concerns
Per Halter, important areas to assess for people who are suspected of having ADHD include
- assessing for and indicators of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, or learning disorders - gathering data on eating and sleeping patterns and continuing to monitor for children treated with stimulants - assessing for comorbidities such as anxiety and depression
Which of the following are medical causes of anxiety?
- asthma - hyperthyroidism - akathisia
Which of the following are not part of the DETAILS OFF mnemonic for ADHD?
- attention - loss of interest - disorganized
Identification
- attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group; done unconsciously or consciously
What are identified as neurodevelopment disorders?
- autism spectrum disorder - communication disorder - specific learning disorder
Which of the following should be avoided when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
- avocados - medications containing ephedrine - cured meats
Which of the following are barriers to pain assessment in older adults?
- believing pain is an unavoidable part of aging - believing reporting pain is a sign of weakness - having cognitive impairment-related communicate deficits
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- bipolar disorder - major depressive disorder - mania - schizoaffective disorder - schizophrenia
What also increases when the number of adverse childhood experiences increase?
- cardiac problems - fetal death - alcohol disorder
Herbal pain treatments include all of the following:
- cayenne - capsaicin - echinacea
Herbal pain treatments include:
- cayenne - capsaicin - echinacea
Which of the following are part of the CURBSIDE mnemonic for capacity assessment?
- communicate - risks - explain
Which of the following are associated with body dysmorphic disorder?
- compulsive behavior like mirror checking and camouflaging - preoccupation with an imagined body defect - levels of insight regarding their condition vary from very aware to completely unaware
Rationalization
- consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener
Which of the following are components of the PINCH ME mnemonic for delirium?
- constipation - infections - hydration
The 3 phrases of major depression treatment and recovery include:
- continuation phase - acute phase - maintenance phase
Projection
- deals with the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable traits and associating them with other people
Which of the following interventions that could be used in a care plan for generalized anxiety disorder?
- decrease excessive stimuli; provide a quiet environment - identify what has provided relief in the past - reframe the situation in a positive way
Which of the following are guidelines for anxiety assessment?
- determine the current anxiety level - ensure a physical and neurological exam is performed to help determine if the anxious condition is primary or secondary to another condition - perform a psychosocial assessment
Medical conditions associated with depressive disorder due to another medical condition include:
- diabetes - hypothyroidism - Alzheimers disease
social
- difficulties communicating, responding to social cues and regulating emotions
daily
- difficulties performing age-appropriate activities of daily living and independent activities of daily living
intellectual
- difficulties with reasoning, problem solving, planning, judgement, abstract thinking and intellectual ability
Symptoms and treatments for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) include:
- difficulty concentrating - SSRI - feeling overwhelmed
Causes and risk factors for delirium in older adults include:
- electrolyte imbalance - stroke - thyroid dysfunction
Denial
- escaping unpleasant, anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, wishes or needs by ignoring them
Which of the following are interventions for mild-to-moderation anxiety?
- explore behaviors that have worked to relieve the patients anxiety in the past - ask questions to clarify what is being said - encourage to physical and safety needs when necessary
Which psychotherapies are associated with effective OCD treatment?
- exposure and response prevention - flooding
Risk factors for developing obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include
- family history of OCD - history of trauma in childhood - history of sexual or physical abuse in childhood
Common side effects of guanfacine (Intuniv/Tenex) include:
- fatigue - hypotension - insomnia
The primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) include:
- first degree family members with MDD - female gender - chronic or disabling health conditions
Severe anxiety
- greatly reduced perceptual field - unable to see connections between events or details - feelings of dread, sweating, threats and demands
Andrew Solomon states that there are three (3) things people off confuse. What are they?
- grief - sadness - depression
The main non stimulants for treating ADHD include:
- guanfacine - atomoxetine - clonidine
HD BS Network mnemonic for schizophrenia
- hallucinations - negative symptoms - delusions
Which of the following are true regarding health care concerns for older adults?
- healthcare expenses are four times higher than for the rest of the population - Western cultures do not value growing older - Caregiver burden is the level of emotional, financial, physical, and psychosocial support provided to someone with a chronic illness.
Which of the following are guidelines for counseling people experiencing depression?
- help the patient identify current coping skills and explore alternative coping skills - encourage exercise like running or weightlifting - work with the patient to identify cognitive distortions that result in negative self-perceptions
What is the PINCH ME mnemonic for delirium?
- hydration - constipation - infections
Indicators of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) include:
- hypersomnia - weight gain - carbohydrate cravings
Which of the following are toxic effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
- hypertensive crisis - severe headache - nausea and vomiting
Some of the 9 negative clinical consequences of inappropriate drug use include:
- increased falls - decline in functional status - adverse drug reactions
What are some of the 9 negative clinical consequences of inappropriate drug use include:
- increased falls - decline in functional status - adverse drug reactions
Which of the following are characteristic of hoarding disorder?
- indecisiveness - accumulating belongings with little or no value - the very idea of giving belongings causes severe distress
What are the guidelines to using mechanical restraints?
- indication for use: to protect patient from self harm - Legal requirement: notification of advocate or relative - Clinical assessments: need for restraints
Which of the following are cultural factors that increase the presence of mental health issues in children and adolescents?
- insufficient support from dominant culture - differences in cultural expectations - existence of stressors
Which of the following are true regarding major depressive disorder (MDD) in older adults?
- it is more common in people with chronic health conditions, and 80% of older adults have at least 1 chronic health condition. - It is common after cardiac events and strokes, but is often mistaken for delirium or dementia - it occurs in up to 13.5% of people receiving care at home
Which of the following are nursing interventions to manage panic disorder?
- keep expectations minimal and simple - teach the patient to use positive self-talk such as "I can control my anxiety" - Teach the patient abdominal breathing, to be used immediately when anxiety is detected
Continuity Theory
- life satisfaction and activity are expressions of enduring personality traits
Important parts of the brain affected by depressive disorders include:
- limbic system - prefrontal cortex - anterior cingulate cortex
Important health teaching points for patients with depression include:
- long-term management is most successful when combined with therapy - management of chronic depression depends largely on self-awareness of personal signs and symptoms of relapse - depression can be managed using medications and lifestyle changes
Risk factors for anger, aggression, and violence include
- low GABA levels - modified monoamine oxidase A gene - structural abnormalities in the frontal cortex
Risk factors for anxiety in older adults includes
- low socioeconomic status - previous trauma experience - childlessness
Symptoms and treatments of persistent depressive disorder (PDD), also known as dysthymia, include:
- low-level depression and related symptoms for most days for at least 2 years in adults - decreased/increased appetite - insomnia/hypersomnia
The three phases of major depression treatment and recovery include:
- maintenance phase (1 year or more) - acute phase (6-12 weeks) - continuation phase (4-9 months)
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
- major depressive disorder - parkinson disease - treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder
Important patient education related to SSRIs includes:
- may cause anorgasmia and lack of libido - common side effects include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, dizziness and tremor - liver and renal function tests should be performed and blood counts checked periodically
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS):
- mild treatment-resistant depression
Modernization Theory
- modern society devalues the contributions of elders and elders themselves
Which of the following are identified as neurodevelopmental disorders?
- motor disorders - intellectual disability - ADHD
Disengagement Theory
- mutual withdrawal occurs between the aging person and others
Moderate anxiety
- narrowed perceptual field - able to solve problems at a less-than optimal level - poor concentration, shakiness, increased respirations, pulse and muscle tension
The components of Beck's cognitive triad include:
- negative, self-deprecating view of self - the belief the negative reinforcement will continue - a pessimistic worldview
Side effects of Clonidine (Kapvay/Catapres) include:
- nightmares - fatigue - insomnia
What documentation requirements when violence was occurred or prevented?
- nursing interventions to de-escalate - patient responses to interventions - behaviors occurring as patient escalated
What documentation requirements when violence has occurred or been prevented?
- nursing interventions used to de-escalate - patient responses to interventions - behaviors occurring as patient escalated
Which of the following are interventions useful for treating vegetative signs of depression?
- offer small, high calorie, and high protein shakes frequently throughout the day and evening - encourage the patient to get up and dress and stay out of bed during the day - encourage the use of a toothbrush, washcloth, soap, makeup and shaving supplies
What are the characteristics of inattentive behaviors in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
- often has difficulty with sustained attention at work or pay - often failing to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes - often does not listen to when directly spoken to
Which of the following are true regarding pain management in older adults?
- older adults often get pain medication less often than younger adults - constipation is a frequent side effect of opioids - analgesics have a longer duration of action in older adults, so initial dosing should be 1/4 to 1/2 to normal
Facts regarding older adults:
- older widows appear to adjust better than younger ones - older adults have higher incidence of depression - at least 50% of restorative sleep is lost as part of aging
What is true regarding anger and aggression assessment?
- patients who have limited coping skills can be at a higher risk for using violence, especially if the patient lacks assertiveness - the best predictor of a future violence is a past history of violence - patient aggression occurs most often when the nurse is trying to impose or reinforce limits
Mild anxiety
- perceptual field heightened - able to problem solve - restlessness, easily startled irritable
Which of the following are important de-escalation techniques?
- preserve patient self-esteem and dignity - assess the patient and situation - keep yourself and patient calm
Risk for suicide in older adults include:
- psychological alterations - diagnosable psychiatric illnesses - stressful life events
Which of the following are part of the SIGECAPS mnemonic?
- psychomotor retardation - energy - interest
Regression
- reversion into an earlier, more primitive and childlike way of being that may or not be reflective of behaviors originally seen in one's childhood
Which nursing diagnoses would be fitting for a person who has a lack of responsiveness or interest in others, empathy, or sharing?
- risk for social isolation - impaired socialization - risk for impaired parenting
Per Halter, which of the following are techniques effective at addressing disruptive behaviors?
- role playing - behavioral contracts - counseling
Which of the following are associated with separation anxiety disorder?
- show developmentally inappropriate levels of concern about being away from a significant other - fear something may happen to the significant other that results in permanent separation - in adults, includes symptoms like harm avoidance, shyness and worry
Which of the following are the major causes for depression and depression-like symptoms?
- social environment - cultural beliefs and practices - neurobiological factors
Per Zoloski and Bullock, qualities of resilient children include:
- social intelligence - an ability to form nurturing relationships with other adults should parents be unavailable - ability to see a long-term future - ability to distance themselves from emotional chaos - good problem solving skills - adaptability to changes in the environment
Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for a person experiencing depression, inability to concentrate, difficulty in function, feeling down and change in vegetative symptoms??
- spiritual distress - hopelessness - risk for suicide
Per Halter, recommended pharmacotherapy for people with autism spectrum disorder includes:
- stimulants for hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention - SSRI to increase tolerance for new situations and social interactions - SGA for agitation
Risk factors for anger, aggression and violence include:
- structural abnormalities in the frontal cortex - modified monoamine oxidase A gene - low GABA levels
Comorbidities associated with aggression and violence include
- substance use disorder - PTSD - Bipolar I first psychotic episode
Which of the following are part of the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
- symptoms are present from the early developmental period - restricted, repetitive patterns of activities, behavior or interests as demonstrated by at least two areas - persistent social communication and social interaction deficits across multiple areas
Which of the following are required for a diagnosis of panic disorder?
- symptoms that may include heart palpitations, sweating, nausea, chills, fear of losing control and fear of dying - having a panic attack followed by 1 month or more of ongoing concern about panic attacks - the disturbance is not better explained by another mental health condition
Which of the the following are symptoms of serotonin syndrome:
- tachycardia - fever - seizures
Role Theory
- the ability of an individual to adapt to changing roles predicts adjustment to aging
Suppression
- the conscious decisions to delay acknowledging a troubling feeling or situation
Splitting
- the inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image
Which of the following are associated with social anxiety disorder?
- the most common form is a fear of public speaking - women are more likely to experience this condition than men - severe anxiety or fear related to exposure to social or performance situation in which a person could be negatively evaluated by other people
Which of the following are required for a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
- the obsessions and/or compulsions are time-consuming, cause clinically significant distress, or impairment in different areas of functioning - are not attributable to the use of a substance - the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
Displacement
- the transfer of emotions associated with a certain person/object/situation to a nonthreatening person/object/situation
Repression
- the unconscious exclusion of unpleasant/unwanted emotions, experiences, or ideas from conscious awareness
Conversion
- the unconscious transformation of anxiety into physical symptoms with no organic cause
Which of the following are associated with specific phobias?
- they are persistent, irrational fears of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire to avoid or the actual avoidance of the thing that is feared - they restrict peoples' lives as people will make an effort to avoid those things that trigger their phobia - both men and women equally experience the phobia of blood injury and infection
What are the unique parts of the psychiatric evaluation for children and adolescents compared to adults?
- types of play - effect of the problem on family and siblings' lives - characteristics of play
Panic anxiety
- unable to attend to the environment - disorganized or irrational reasoning - hallucinations/delusions, experience of terror, inability to speak
Which of the following are part of the I MURDER? mnemonic?
- unwanted - distressing - ego-dystonic
What are important de-escalating techniques?
- use a clam tone of voice - identify stressors and stress indicators - response as early as possible
Which of the following are interventions for severe-to-panic levels of anxiety?
- use clear and simple statements and repetition - maintain a calm manner - listen for themes in communication
Which of the following are interventions for use with people who are severely withdrawn?
- use simple, concrete words - when a person is silent, use the technique of making observations - allow time for the patient to respond
Which of the following are outcomes appropriate for a person with an intellectual disability?
- use spoken language to make or respond to requests - controls impulsive actions towards self or others when experiencing frustration - tolerate social interaction s for short periods of time without becoming frustrated
Compensation
- use to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths
Predictors of violence include
- verbal abuse - increased anxiety and tension - stone silence
What feelings can trigger anger?
- vulnerable - ignored - tired
Reaction formation
- when unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled by and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite emotion or behavior
Geriatric Depression Scale order
1. Not indicative of depression = less than 5 2. Suggestive of depression = 5 to 9 3. Indicative of depression = 10 and above
Place the sequence of the operational definition of anxiety in correct order from beginning (1) to end (4).
1. Stress 2. Anxiety 3. Relief behavior 4. Effective or ineffective mediation
Rank Tic Disorders from the most to least severe.
1. Tourette's disorder 2. Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder 3. provisional tic disorder
Which of the following is part of the 6 considerations for ensuring safety?
1. if behaviors begin to escalate, provide feedback 2. Do not block he patients doorway 3. Avoid wearing dangling clothing and accessories
To diagnose ADHD, several symptoms must have been present before the age of _______.
12
We are reminded of how long symptoms must last before we can make a diagnosis of major depressive disorders with the mnemonic "________ blue weeks."
2
A person with _______________________ feels that everything they experience has profound significance. This makes it difficult for people with schizophrenia to determine what information is relevant.
Aberrant salience
Reduction in speech and sometimes known as poverty of speech, os referred to as ____________
Alogia
An abnormal lack of energy, ______________ , may result in psychomotor retardation, in which movements are extremely slow, facial expressions are decreased, and gaze is fixed.
Anergia
The absence of happiness/joy or the inability to get satisfaction from those areas inline that once gave satisfaction, is known as ________________.
Anhedonia
______________________ is the inability or reduced ability to experience pleasure.
Anhedonia
______________ is defined as a feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread arising from a real or perceived threat.
Anxiety
_________________________ is the result of thinking that is haphazard and illogical where concentration is poor and thoughts are connected loosely.
Associative looseness
____________________ is reduced motivation or goal-directed behavior.
Avolition
Using books and other literature to help children (1) express their feelings in a supportive setting, (2) get insights into their feelings and behaviors, and (3) learning new coping skills is the foundation for:
Bibliotherapy
Standing too close to others or drinking/eating another person's food because that drink/food is nearby, therefore making it the patient's, are examples of
Boundary impairement
The only medication FDA approved for postpartum depression is ______________________ (Zulresso), and can only be given by IV infusion
Brexanolone
________________ occurs when there is a pronounced decrease or increase in the rate or amount of movement and excessive movement is purposeless.
Catatonia
When a person has ____________________ patterns, they cannot think abstractly and interpret/perceive things in a literal manner
Concrete thinking
An affect characterized by being reduced in range or intensity is said to be
Constricted
Distorted and generally false thoughts are called ___________________
Delusions
__________________ occurs when a person feels unreal or that they have lost a part of their identity.
Depersonalization
The condition characterized by delays in motor skill development and coordination, along with difficulties performing academic work and/or activities of daily living is known as ______________________________
Developmental coordination disorder
Thinking of citalopram (Celexa) as Ce-"Lexus" reminds us that we need to order an ____________________________ before starting patients on this medication because of the risk of lengthening the ___________________ interval.
ECG; QT
The pathological repetition of another persons world is called ________________
Echolalia
___________________ is seen when a person mimics the movements of another.
Echopraxia
____________________ is seen when a person mimics the movements of another
Echopraxia
_______________________ disorder is also known as skin-picking disorder.
Excoriation
_________________________ is seen when thoughts flow in a rapid, continuous manner and change from topic to topic.
Flight of ideas
With _________________ delusions, a person shows a highly-inflated self-regard.
Grandiose
A low-level and less dramatic version of mania generally seen in people with bipolar II disorder is known as _________________
Hypomania
A low-level and less dramatic version of mania generally seen in people with bipolar II disorder is known as:
Hypomania
Telling a patients to avoid aged or cured foods, go to the emergency department if a severe headache develops, and telling the patient to following dietary and drug restrictions for 14 days after discontinuing treatment are all education related to taking
MAOI
The process of creating the most accurate list of all the medications a patient is taking is referred to as
Medication Reconciliation
The most widely used stimulants for treating ADHD are _________________ (Ritalin) and mixed _______________________ salts (adderall).
Methylphenidate; amphetamine
_________________________ is seen when a person exhibits excited behavior such as running or rapidly pacing in response to external or internal stimuli.
Motor agitation
A pronounced slowing of movement is defined as __________________________.
Motor retardation
The first benefit seen a short time after starting a person on an antidepressant is sharp decrease in _____________________ bias.
Negative affective
The I MURDER? mnemonic is used to help diagnose _______________________ disorder.
OCD
Thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind even though a person wants it to be so are known as
Obsessions
__________________ is irrational fear that ranges from mild to profound.
Paranoia
_______________________ or ______________________, occur when a person assumes unusual or illogical expressions, postures, or positions.
Posturing; gesturing
The automatic and unconscious process by which we determine what is real and what is not is called
Reality testing
The process of making a person correct their action to "restore the environment to its prior state" is called simple _________________
Restitution
The process of making a person correct their action to "restore the environment to its prior state" is called simple:
Restitution
Per the US Department of Health & Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, __________________ is "any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment that immobilizes or reduce the ability of a patient to move [their] arms legs, body, or head freely."
Restraint
Nursing diagnosis: social isolation Outcome: decrease social isolation
S/Sx: - dull/sad affect - no eye contact - seeks to be alone - withdrawn
Nursing diagnosis: chronic low self-esteem Outcome: improved self-esteem
S/Sx: - exaggerates negative feedback about self - excessive seeking of reassurance - indecisive and nonassertive behavior
Nursing diagnosis: spiritual distress Outcome: decreased spiritual distress
S/Sx: - questioning meaning of life and existence - anger toward greater power - feeling abandoned
Nursing diagnosis: risk for suicide Outcome: decreased suicide risk
S/Sx: - suicidal ideation - feelings of hopelessness, helplessness - putting affairs in order
Nursing diagnosis: impaired coping Outcome: improved coping
S/Sx: - difficulty with simple tasks - poor cognition function - poor problem solving
Per the US Department of Health & Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, _________________ is "the involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room, or area from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving."
Seclusion
The mnemonic "trans, chans, and ans" reminds us that tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) affect the neurotransmitters __________________________ and ______________________, the ion channels for ____________________ and _____________________ and serve as antagonists for __________________ and __________________.
Serotonin; SE Sodium; Calcium Acetylcholine; Histamine
Children who experience _________________________________ disorder may struggle with using verbal and nonverbal ways of interacting with others.
Social Communication
A teaching style discussed by Daniel McCutchen that helps people with emotional regulation issues better learn how to navigate their emotions is known as
Social-emotional learning
___________________ disorders include dyslexia, dyscalculia, and/or dysgraphia.
Specific learning
When a person uses words based on what they represent instead of what they mean, they are using ____________________________
Symbolic speech
______________________ happens when a person wanders off topic or goes on tangents without ever getting to the point.
Tangentiality
For children that struggle with more direct psychiatric interviews, the use of ___________________ games can help build rapport and allow children to express their feelings.
Therapeutic
An unacceptable act with deliberate use of force resulting in harm to another individual is called
Violence
The most extreme form of associative looseness, where what is said is mess of words that have no meaning to the listener, is called ______________________.
Word salad
The mnemonic STUDENTS Fear C's is used to help diagnose
acute anxiety
_____________________ is defined as the outward expression of a person's internal state.
affect
An affect characterized by being reduced in range or intensity is said to be _______________________.
affect display
______________ occurs when the affect is reduced or constricted
affective blunting
An action or behavior that ends in an attack is defined as:
aggression
When someone has an emotional response to frustrated desires, a threat to their needs and/or a challenge that person may experience is ______________
anger
_____________________ arises when a person cannot realize that they are ill.
anosognosia
The main nursing diagnoses associated with anxiety-related disorders are _______________ and ________________________
anxiety; impaired coping
Thinking "meal"-tazapine for mirtazapine (Remeron) reminds us that this medication acts as a(n) __________________ stimulant
appetite
_________________ is the decreased desire for social interaction and or discomfort associated with social situations
asociality
_________________________ is the result of thinking that haphazard and illogical where concentration is poor and thoughts are connected loosely.
associative looseness
A _____________________ affect is odd, illogical, inappropriate, or unfounded
bizarre
Standing too close to others or drinking/eating another persons food because that drink/food is nearby, therefore making it the patients, _________________________-
boundary impairment
Thinking of sertraline (Zoloft) as "squirt"-raline reminds us both of the GI side effects of this medication, but also that the medication is safe for
breastfeeding
When a person include unnecessary and often tedious details in conversation but eventually reaches the point, the pathological speech pattern they are demonstrating is ______________________
circumstantiality
Choosing words because of the way they sound instead of what they mean, often involving words that rhyme or have similar starting sounds, is referred to as _____________________-
clang association
A generalized slowing of thinking represented by delays in responding to questions or difficulty finishing thoughts are known as ___________________
cognitive retardation
A person is directed to take action by ____________________ hallucinations.
command
A __________________________ is an automatic coping style that protects a person from anxiety and protects self-image by blocking feelings, conflicts, and/or memories.
defense mechanism
Distorted (and generally false) thoughts are called
delusions
Feeling that ones environment has changed is known as _______________
derealization
apraxia
difficulty carrying out motor functions
aphasia
difficulty finding words
agnosia
difficulty recognizing objects
The pathological repetition of another person's words is called
echolalia
_________________________ is seen when thoughts flow in a rapid, continuous manner and change from topic to topic
flight of ideas
With __________________ delusions, a person shows a highly-inflated self-regard.
grandiose
With _____________________ delusions, a person shows a highly-inflated self-regard.
grandiose
A relationship ordered by a court that gives a person the ability to act on behalf of another person (the ward) is known as
guardianship
BY thinking of the "flu" part of fluoxetine (Prozac), we are reminded that this SSRI has a longer ________________ than other SSRIs.
half life
When a person misperceives sensory experiences that have no external source, those sensory experiences are known as
hallucinations
A low-level and less dramatic version of mania generally seen in people with bipolar II disorder is known as
hypomania
Interrupting others or throwing unwanted food on the floor are examples of ____________________.
impaired impulse control
Richard Wilkinson proposes that social ________________ is a major unaddressed cause of anxiety and depression
inequality
The belief that someone has placed thoughts into the persons brain is know as thought ____________________
insertion
A treatment for people with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is the use of _______________________ that help simulate natural daylight.
light boxes
Representing the disordered way that a person processes information, people with _______________________ have thoughts that are only loosely connect to one another.
loose associations
Representing the disordered way that a person processes information, people with _______________________________ have thoughts that are only loosely connect to another.
loose associations
A person who believes that reality can be changed merely by using thoughts or unrelated actions is using
magical thinking
The SIGECAPS mnemonic is used to help with diagnosing ______________________ disorder.
major depressive
A pronounced slowing of movement is defined as
motor retardation
The first benefit seen a short time after starting a person on an antidepressant is sharp decrease in _________________________ bias
negative affective
a tendency to resist or oppose the requests or wishes of others is known as ________________
negativism
____________________________ are words that the patient finds meaningful, but have different or no meaning to other people
neologisms
Losing control, religious concerns, unwanted sexual thoughts, perfectionism, and contamination are all types of
obsessions
A person with _______________________ delusions believe that someone, godly or mundane is seeking to harm them in some way.
persecutory
An intervention that allows children express their feelings through the natural use of play is referred to as
play therapy
_______________________ symptoms include bizarre behavior, delusions, disorganized speech, and hallucination.
positive
A person with thinking that is so severely slower that responses are delayed or absent is said to have _________________ of thought.
poverty
A _______________________ occurs when symptoms caused by one medication are treated with another.
prescribing cascade
A ___________________________ occurs when symptoms caused by one medication are treated with another.
prescribing cascade
The period that often precedes schizophrenia during which milder symptoms appear is known as __________________________
prodromal phase
Thinking of paroxetine (Paxil) as "Pair Ox"-etine, helps remind us that this medication is ___________________________ absorbed compared to the SSRIs.
rapidly
Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban) should be avoided in patients with a history of seizures or bulimia because this medication can lower the
seizure threshold
A condition that occurs when children dont speak because they fear negative responses or evaluations is known as ______________________________
selective mutism
Children who experience ____________________ disorder may struggle with using verbal or nonverbal ways of interacting with others.
social communication
Children who experience _____________________ disorder may struggle with using verbal or nonverbal ways of interacting with others.
social communication
Children who have problems making sounds may have a condition known as _____________________________ disorder
speech sound
Symptoms of anxiety, panic, obsession, and/or compulsion arising from the use of things like alcohol, cocaine, etc., are characteristic of ___________________________ anxiety disorder
substance-induced
The 2-for-6 ophrenia mnemonic reminds us that to diagnose schizophrenia, a person must have 3 or more of the DSM-5 _________________________ for at least ______________________.
symptoms; months
A Childs overall attitude, behavior, and mood is use to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment is referred as the Childs _______________________
temperament
A child's overall attitude, behavior and mood that is used to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment is referred to as the Childs ______________________
temperament
For fchildren that struggle with more direct psychiatric interviews, the use of ___________________ games can help build rapport and allow children to express their feelings
therapeutic
_______________________ is a reduction or stoppage of thought that may be caused by cognitive disorganization or interruptions of thought by hallucinations.
thought blocking
______________________________ is a reduction or stoppage of thought that may be caused by cognitive disorganization or interrupt thought by hallucinations
thought blocking
The belief that thoughts have been taken or are missing is known as ____________________
thought deletion
____________________________ is also known as hair-pulling disorder
trichotillomania
Alterations in the activities necessary to support physical life and growth are known as ___________________________ of depression.
vegetative signs
