NUR164 Chapter 4 Health of the Individual, Family, and Community

any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support traditional family; two parents and their children includes aunts, uncles, and grandparents two parents and their unrelated children from previous relationships may be separated, divorced, widowed, or never married A family can be defined as any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support. A. True B. False

Family Nuclear family Extended family Blended family Single-parent family (Family Structures) A. True. Rationale: A family can be defined as any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support.

Physical Economic Reproductive Affective and coping Socialization Which of the following family functions is met when the family provides emotional comfort to a child who is ill? A. Physical B. Economic C. Reproductive D. Affective and coping E. Socialization

Family Functions *D. Affective and coping* Rationale: The affective and coping function of a family provides emotional comfort to family members. The physical function provides a safe, comfortable environment. Economically, the family provides financial aid to members. The reproductive function pertains to raising children and socialization involves transmitting beliefs, values, attitudes, and coping mechanisms, as well as guiding problem solving.

Couple and family with children Family with adolescents and young adults Family with middle-aged adults Family with older adults

Family Stages

Social support systems Community health care structure Economic resources Environmental factors The health care structure of a community has a direct effect on the health of the people living within it. A. True B. False

Community Factors Affecting Health A. True. Rationale: The health care structure of a community has a direct effect on the health of the people living within it.

Which patient need has the highest priority? A. A patient who needs to ambulate to prevent DVT B. A patient who is in isolation and feels lonely C. A patient who recently lost her husband D. An elderly patient who is at risk for falls

*A. A patient who needs to ambulate to prevent DVT* Rationale: Preventing DVT is a physiologic need and is the highest priority need. A patient in isolation might have unmet love and belonging needs (3rd in priority). A patient who lost a spouse might have unmet self-esteem needs (4th in priority). A patient who is at risk for falls might have unmet safety and security needs (2nd in priority).

Their lack of fulfillment results in illness. Their fulfillment helps prevent illness or signals health. Meeting basic needs restores health. Fulfillment of basic needs takes priority over other satisfactions when unmet. A person feels something is missing when a need is unmet. A person feels satisfaction when a need is met. A nurse who focuses attention on the strengths and abilities of patients rather than their problems is helping them to achieve which of Maslow's basic human needs? A. Self-actualization B. Self-esteem C. Love and belonging D. Safety and security E. Physiologic

Characteristics of Basic Needs/Maslow A. Self-actualization Rationale: To meet patient self-actualization needs, nurses provide a sense of direction and hope, and maximize patient potential. Self-esteem needs are met by respecting patient values and beliefs and setting attainable goals for them. Love and belonging needs are met by including family and friends and establishing caring relationships with patients. Safety and security needs are met by encouraging spiritual practices and independent decision making. Physiologic needs are needs that must be met to maintain life.

Third priority needs, often called higher-level needs Understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love The feeling of belonging to groups such as families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a community. Unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation Example of interventions to meet these needs: -Including family and friends in care of a patient -Establishing a trusting nurse-patient relationship

Love and Belonging Needs

People's behaviors, feelings about self and others, values, and priorities all relate to physiologic and psychosocial needs. These basic human needs are common to all people; meeting these needs is essential for the health and survival of all people. A person can meet some needs independently, but most needs require relationships and interactions with others for partial or complete fulfillment. Satisfying one's needs often depends on the physical and social environment, especially one's family and community.

Meeting Basic Human Needs

Oxygen: most essential Water Food Elimination Temperature Sexuality Physical activity Rest

Physiologic Needs

Lifestyle risk factors Psychosocial risk factors Environmental risk factors Developmental risk factors Biologic risks An example of a developmental risk factor is a family that has inadequate childcare for a preschool child when both parents are working. A. True B. False

Risk Factors for Altered Family Health B. False Rationale: An example of a psychosocial risk factor is a family that has inadequate childcare for a preschool child when both parents are working.

Second in priority Have both physical and emotional components Being protected from potential or actual harm Examples of interventions to meet these needs: -Using proper hand hygiene to prevent infection -Using electrical equipment properly -Administering medications knowledgeably

Safety and Security Needs

Acceptance of self and others as they are Focus of interest on problems outside oneself Ability to be objective Feelings of happiness and affection for others Respect for all people Ability to discriminate between good and evil Creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests

Self-Actualization Needs

Need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments Positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and independence. Factors affecting self-esteem: -Role changes -Body image changes

Self-Esteem Needs