NUR173: PrepU Misses
When do most perinatal HIV infections occur?
After exposure during delivery Explanation: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 may occur in utero or through breastfeeding, but most perinatal infections are thought to occur after exposure during delivery.
A nulliparous client says that she and her husband plan to use a diaphragm with spermicide to prevent conception. Which should the nurse include as the action of spermicides when teaching the client?
Destruction of spermatozoa before they enter the cervix Explanation: Spermicidal agents work by destroying the spermatozoa before they enter the cervix. In addition, some spermicides alter the vaginal pH to a strong acidic environment, which is not conducive to survival of spermatozoa. Spermicides do not prevent the spermatozoa from entering the uterus, but the diaphragm or condom is a barrier
A nurse is caring for a primigravid client at 40 weeks gestation in active labor. Assessments include: cervix 5 cm dilated; 90% effaced; station 0; cephalic presentation, FHR baseline is 135 bpm and decreases to 125 bpm shortly after onset of 5 uterine contractions and returns to baseline before the uterine contraction ends. Based on this assessment what action should the nurse take first?
Document findings on the woman's medical record, and continue to monitor labor progress. Explanation: The nurse would document these findings as "early" decelerations. Early decelerations are thought to be the result of vagal nerve stimulation caused by compression of the fetal head during labor. They are considered normal physiologic response to labor and do not require any intervention. Early decelerations do not require position change or oxygen, as they are not a sign of fetal distress. Variable decelerations are thought to be due to umbilical cord compression. Early decelerations are not emergent and do not require immediate reporting to the health care provider (HCP) or preparing for caesarean section.
When preparing the room for admission of a multigravid client at 36 weeks' gestation diagnosed with severe preeclampsia, which item is most important for the nurse to obtain?
Padding for the side rails Explanation: The client with severe preeclampsia may develop eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures. The client needs a darkened, quiet room and side rails with thick padding. This helps decrease the potential for injury should a seizure occur. Airways, a suction machine, and oxygen also should be available. If the client is to undergo induction of labor, oxytocin infusion solution can be obtained at a later time. Tongue blades are not necessary. However, the emergency cart should be placed nearby in case the client experiences a seizure. The ultrasound machine may be used at a later point to provide information about the fetus. In many hospitals, the client with severe preeclampsia is admitted to the labor area, where she and the fetus can be closely monitored. The safety of the client and her fetus is the priority
Genomic information can identify gene mutations and environmental influences that can impact a pregnancy. What are the implications for nursing practice related to this advancement?
Provision of appropriate health teaching Explanation: Regarding the ongoing genomic research, nurses need the knowledge base to be able to answer questions, provide appropriate health teaching, and counsel or direct patients at risk to available resources. The other choices are all good interventions for nurses to include for pregnant patients, but not necessarily related to genomic research