Nurs 107 acid base balance ch 40

A patient has been prescribed 2 units of packed red blood cells. A type and cross- match has been performed and the first unit has arrived on the floor from the blood bank. Which actions should you perform for the blood transfusion?

- ask another nurse to assist with confirming the order, blood group, and other vital info - start the administration slowly for the first 15 mins of transfusion

What is a commonly used hypotonic intravenous solution?

0.45% saline

How much daily intake is recommended for an adult?

2,500 mL/day

15 minutes after starting a blood transfusion, the patient complains of chills and headache. During frequent vital signs, you begin to see an elevation in their temp. What condition are they experiencing? A) febrile reaction B) allergic reaction C) hemolytic reaction D) circulatory overload

A) febrile reaction

A patient is receiving a peripheral IV infusion and the electric pump is alarming frequently due to occluded flow. What is the most appropriate action? A) flush the IV with 3 mL of normal saline B) change from infusion with an electric pump to infusion by gravity C) assess the area distal to the IV site for signs and symptoms of DVT D) flush the IV with 2 mL of 100 U/mL heparin

A) flush the IV with 3mL of normal saline

The nurse is caring for a client whose blood type is A negative. Which donor blood type does the nurse confirm as compatible for this client? A) B positive B) O negative C) AB negative D) A positive

B) O negative

What is the primary cause of transfusion-related client death in the US? A) hemolytic reaction B) Transfusion- related acute lung injury C) transfusion- associated circulatory overload D) septic reaction

B) Transfusion- related acute lung injury

What is the lab test commonly used in the assessment and treatment of acid-base balance? A) urinalysis B) arterial blood gas C) complete blood count D) basic metabolic panel

B) arterial blood gas

A 50 y.o. Client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. Which electrolyte need to be assessed? A) calcium B) potassium C) phosphorus D) chloride

B) potassium

What is a common anion? A) magnesium B) potassium C) Chloride D) calcium

C) Chloride

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of: A) protein B) thrombus C) Renin S) insulin

C) Renin

You are caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's lab results show a serum potassium of 3.2. For what complications should you be aware related to potassium level? A) pulmonary embolism B) tetany C) cardiac dysrhythmias D) fluid volume excess

C) cardiac dysrhythmias

Which statement most accurately describes osmosis? A) water shifts from high- solute areas to areas of lower solute concentration B) plasma proteins facilitate the reabsorption of fluids into the capillaries C) solutes pass through semipermeable membranes to areas of lower concentration D) water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

D) water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

dehydration vs fluid volume deficit

Dehydration is water loss alone, lost from total body water. Can lead to hypernatremia, and to treat it requires free water administration. Fluid volume deficit is caused by extracellular fluid volume reduction, resulting in decreased tissue perfusion. FVD can be caused by salt and water loss (vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, third Spacing). FVD is loss of BOTH water and electrolytes

What is interstitial fluid?

Fluid in the tissue spaces between and around cells

You are changing a client's peripheral venous access dressing and notice that it's bleeding and oozing. Which dressing should you use?

Gauze dressing

A client is admitted to the facility after experiencing uncontrollable diarrhea for the last few days. The client is exhibiting signs of fluid volume deficit. What electrolyte imbalance would you expect to find?

Hypokalemia

A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting for 3 days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach acid does the nurse observe on the arterial blood gas?

Metabolic alkalosis

A patient has developed GERD and is treating it with antacids. Which acid-base imbalance is the patient at risk for developing?

Metabolic alkalosis

You are monitoring a client's IV infusion auscultates the client's lungs and detects crackles in the base of the lungs that were previously clear. What is the most important intervention?

Notify the provider immediately for possible fluid overload