NURS 110 Ch. 3 Online Quiz
The nursing instructor identifies the need for further instruction in regards to health and illness when a student makes which statement? a) "Spiritual beliefs can influence a person's health." b) "The intellectual dimension is very important to a person's health." c) "Self-concept does not influences a person's health." d) "There are several factors that make up the physical dimension."
"Self-concept does not influences a person's health." Explanation: Self-concept is very important to a person's health. It incorporates how a person feels about himself and the way that person perceives the physical self. Spiritual beliefs, intellectual dimension, and physical dimension all are factors that influence a person's health-illness status.
A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered a) health promotion. b) illness prevention. c) a holistic approach. d) self-concept.
self-concept. Explanation: A person's self-concept is influenced by having knowledge and the ability to care for oneself, recognizing one's strengths and limitations.
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client? a) teaching about weight loss program b) teaching about intake of food and vitamins c) teaching about binge eating d) acknowledging weight problem
teaching about intake of food and vitamins Explanation: Priority management according to Maslow's hierarchy starts at physiological needs and includes the need for oxygen, food, water, rest, and elimination. Therefore, teaching the client about intake of food and vitamins is most appropriate for the client who has nutritional deficits. Teaching about weight loss programs, teaching about binge eating, and acknowledging the client's weight problem are examples of other needs that are not the priority.
Why is health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses? a) chronic illnesses can cause pain and suffering. b) Treatment of chronic illnesses is very expensive. c) Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. d) People do not like to be sick and feel bad.
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world. Explanation: Because chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world, health promotion and illness prevention activities are vital to nursing care. It is true that treating chronic illnesses can be expensive, they do cause pain and suffering, and people do not like to be sick, but these are not the most important reason for promoting health and preventing illnesses.
A nursing instructor is working with a class of first semester nursing students. The instructor explains the interrelatedness of health and wellness. What would be the best definition the nursing instructor could give of health? a) Health is maximizing wellness. b) Health is a lack of disease. c) Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. d) Health is a reflection of wellness that involves a conscious and deliberate attempt to maximize one's lack of disease state.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Explanation: Health is viewed as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The other options would not be the best definition of health.
The nursing instructor is teaching the students about health and wellness and identifies which of the following as the best definition for health? a) Health is the absence of disease. b) Health is how people feel. c) Health is a state of complete well-being. d) Health is the lack of physical symptoms.
Health is a state of complete well-being. Explanation: A classic definition of health is that health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care? a) Primary b) Secondary c) Tertiary d) Chronic
Primary Explanation: Primary health promotion and illness prevention are directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. Immunizations are an example of primary health promotion. Secondary health promotion and illness prevention focus on screening for early detection of disease, with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found. Tertiary health promotion and illness prevention begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. The term chronic is not related to health promotion.
A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent? a) Primary prevention b) Secondary prevention c) Tertiary prevention d) Residual prevention
Primary prevention Explanation: Primary prevention or primary health care involves the education of clients in the prevention of disease.
Which is an example of tertiary health promotion? a) Family counseling b) Water treatment c) Pap tests d) Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Explanation: Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Therefore, rehabilitation is an example of tertiary health promotion. Family counseling and Pap tests are examples of secondary health promotion. Water treatment is an example of primary health promotion.
Nurses promote the needs of clients as an integral part of each person's human dimension. Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community centre for an older client who is living alone? a) Spiritual needs b) Sociocultural needs c) Intellectual needs d) Emotional needs
Sociocultural needs Explanation: The factors influencing a person's health-illness status, health beliefs, and health practices relate to the person's human dimensions. Each dimension interrelates with each of the others and influences the person's behaviors in both health and illness. Nursing assessments of strengths and weaknesses in each dimension are used to develop a plan of care that is individualized and holistic. Sociocultural needs are strongly influenced by a person's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture. The question asked about an older client and a recommendation from the nurse regarding visiting a senior citizen community center. This is an example of sociocultural needs. Emotional needs address how the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm acceptance and relaxation can actually change the body's responses to illness. The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. Spiritual beliefs and values are assessed when addressing spiritual needs.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The patient is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a patient with a chronic illness? a) The symptoms of the illness reappear. b) The disease is no longer present. c) New symptoms occur at this time. d) Symptoms are not experienced
Symptoms are not experienced Explanation: Chronic illnesses usually have a slow onset and many have periods of remission, when the disease is present, but the client does not experience symptoms. Exacerbation is when the symptoms of the disease reappear. Chronic illnesses do not go away, the disease continues to be present.
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors? a) The Agent-Host-Environment Model b) The Health-Illness Continuum c) The High-Level Wellness Model d) The Health Belief Model
The Agent-Host-Environment Model Explanation: The Agent-Host-Environment is useful for examining the cause of disease in an individual. The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors. The Health-Illness Continuum is a way to measure a person's level of health. The High-Level Wellness Model is characterized by functioning to one's maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment. The Health Belief Model is used to describe health behaviors.
What is the definition of wellness? a) being without disease b) an active state of being healthy c) a desire to be without disease d) maximizing the state in which you live
an active state of being healthy Explanation: Wellness, a reflection of health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care? a) assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury b) administration of immunizations to a 6-month-old child c) blood pressure screenings at a senior center d) teaching stress reduction classes at a wellness center
assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury Explanation: Tertiary prevention begins after the illness and is used to help rehabilitate clients. Speech therapy is an example of tertiary preventive care. The administration of immunizations and teaching stress reduction classes are examples of primary preventive care. Blood pressure screening is an example of secondary preventive care.
To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must: a) skip breakfast to reduce calories. b) drink caffeinated beverages. c) lead a sedentary lifestyle. d) consume a diet low in fat.
consume a diet low in fat. Explanation: Nurses focused on wellness advocate the use of lifestyle modification skills that alleviate stress and promote a state less susceptible to disease.
A client is admitted to the mental health centre with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is priority for the nurse to manage? a) freedom from harm b) lack of support c) low self-esteem d) feelings of belonging
freedom from harm Explanation: Safety and security is the priority for the client, so freeing the client from harm is what the nurse must address first. Lack of support, low self-esteem, and feelings of belonging, although still important to address, are not as critical as safety and security.
A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by: a) permanent relief from the signs and symptoms. b) disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. c) periodic occurrence in clients with long-standing diseases. d) reactivation of the disease and presence of symptoms.
disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease. Explanation: Remission is a temporary state of disappearance of the signs and symptoms related to a particular disease. It is of short duration, but the duration is unpredictable. It is a condition opposite to exacerbation, which is characterized by reactivation of symptoms. Remission is not permanent, but is rather a temporary relief from signs and symptoms. Exacerbation is the periodic occurrence of disease in clients with chronic diseases.
A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topics are examples of health promotion discussions? (Select all that apply.) a) information on smoking cessation b) blood pressure control and screening c) examples of heart-healthy diet d) information on increasing activity and exercise e) names and numbers of healthcare providers
examples of heart-healthy diet information on increasing activity and exercise Explanation: Providing examples of heart-healthy diets and information on increasing activity and exercise are health promotion topics. Smoking cessation and blood pressure control are examples of illness prevention. Offering the names and numbers of healthcare providers is resource sharing.
A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp? a) illness prevention b) health promotion c) high-level wellness d) reversal of self-care deficit
health promotion Explanation: The education on lifestyle choices is part of health promotion activity, which focuses on protecting the person's health. The goal of the prevention of illness is to detect and prevent the illness. High-level wellness focuses on maximizing the person's highest potential for functioning. Reversal of self-care deficits would involve therapeutic interventions that are directed at contributing factors.
When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that: a) help them eat well. b) help them maintain independence. c) preserve their social interactions. d) accomplish financial stability.
help them maintain independence. Explanation: Although their chronic illnesses and disabilities cannot be eliminated, adults can benefit most from activities that help them maintain independence and achieve an optimal level of health. The other answers, while beneficial, are not as helpful.
The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as: a) illness b) agent-host-environment c) health belief model d) high-level wellness
high-level wellness Explanation: High-level wellness is defined as recognizing health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning.
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed: a) homeostasis. b) equilibration. c) self-conception. d) biofeedback.
homeostasis. Explanation: Homeostasis is the organism's attempt to restore balance. Equilibration is a distractor for this question. Self-conception is related to the individual's feelings and attitudes about oneself. Biofeedback is a relaxation technique.
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation? a) Congenital illness b) Hereditary illness c) Acute illness d) Chronic illness
Chronic illness Explanation: Exacerbation is the increase in activity of a disease and aggravation of symptoms. This occurs periodically in clients with chronic diseases. It is often a result of physical, chemical, or emotional stress. Congenital illness (such as atrial septal defect), hereditary illness (such as cystic fibrosis), and acute illness (such as influenza) do not have exacerbation and remission stages.
The nurse is using Leavell and Clark's Agent- Host-Environment Health Model to help plan nursing interventions for patients in a hospital setting. Which examples of nursing actions to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in these patients best illustrate the principles of this model? (Select all that apply.) a) The nurse should assess the patients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care. b) The nurse should assess patients' ability to fight off infection by using a graduated scale with high-level wellness on one end and death on the other. c) The nurse should consider the patients' family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection. d) The nurse should consider patients' past behavior when determining goals for recovery. e) The nurse should assess what the patients believe to be true about themselves and their illnesses when developing a nursing plan to prevent HAIs. f) The nurse should examine environmental stressors in patients' lives to see how they might affect their recovery and ability to ward off infection.
The nurse should assess the patients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care., The nurse should consider the patients' family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection., & The nurse should examine environmental stressors in patients' lives to see how they might affect their recovery and ability to ward off infection. Explanation: The agent-host-environment model of health and illness, developed by Leavell and Clark (1965), views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person. It is a traditional model that explains how certain factors place some people at risk for an infectious disease. These factors are constantly interacting, and a combination of factors may increase the risk of illness. The nurse should assess the clients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care helps to illustrate this model. The nurse assessing the clients' family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection helps to illustrate this model. The nurse assessing environmental stressors in clients' lives is another example to illustrate this model. The other options are not examples illustrating the agent-host-environment health model.
The nurse is explaining primary and secondary care to the client. Which nursing activity reflects secondary care as provided by the nurse? a) promoting the use of seat belts b) ordering a mammography c) discussing the use of drugs and alcohol d) promoting the use of helmets while riding motorcycles or bicycles
ordering a mammography Explanation: Secondary care involves primary caregivers making referrals for consultation or additional testing, such as mammographies. Discussions about wearing helmets, using seat belts, and drugs and alcohol are all examples of primary care.
A client comes to the emergency room complaining of abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nausea. Upon further examination the client is diagnosed with appendicitis. What type of illness does the nurse identify this client to have? a) Acute b) Chronic c) Contagious d) Tertiary
Acute Explanation: Acute illness has a rapid onset and lasts only a short time. Chronic illness is a term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health, and usually requires a long period of care and support. Appendicitis is not contagious, and tertiary is not a term used for illnesses.
A 90-year-old woman has a staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the: a) Host b) Agent c) Environment d) Disease
Agent Explanation: The agent is any factor that leads to illness.
A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors? a) Age b) Gender c) Peer influence d) Illness factors
Agent Explanation: The agent is any factor that leads to illness.
A nurse working in the ICU understands that illnesses affect both the client as well as the family members. What are some things that often cause stress in family members due to a hospitalization of a family member? Select all that apply. a) Alterations in roles b) Economic problems c) Alterations in lifestyle d) Decrease in social interactions e) Increase in social interactions
Alterations in roles, Economic problems, Alterations in lifestyle, & Decrease in social interactions Explanation: A chronic illness can create stress for both client and family because of life long alterations in role or lifestyle, frequent hospitalizations, economic problems, and decreased social interactions among family members.
What is a misconception about chronic disease? a) Almost half of chronic deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. b) Chronic illness typically does not result in sudden death. c) The major cause of chronic disease is known. d) Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.
Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented. Explanation: A misconception regarding chronic disease is that chronic illnesses cannot be prevented. Almost half of chronic deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. Chronic illness typically does not result in sudden death. The major cause of chronic disease is known.
The nursing student who has diarrhea before every test and every clinical understands that this is not a healthy behavior. The student is aware that this negative effect can impact overall health. The nurse recognizes that this student needs to focus on which of the following dimensions of health? a) Physical dimension b) Emotional dimension c) Intellectual dimension d) Sociocultural dimension
Emotional dimension Explanation: This is an example of the emotional dimension. How the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions also influences health. Long term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits. Intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities and past experiences, while the physical dimension includes things like genetics, sex, and race. Sociocultural dimensions relate to a client's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dLm (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena? a) Exacerbation b) Morbidity c) Infection d) Risk factor
Exacerbation Explanation: This client has experienced a significant exacerbation of his chronic disease (diabetes mellitus), which has manifested as an acute threat to their health. Morbidity is an epidemiological statistic of the frequency of a disease. The client's problem does not have an infectious etiology and while risk factors underlie their present condition, they are not the essence of their current state.
After studying concepts of health and wellness, the nursing student realizes that many different things influence a client's personal perception of health. Which of the following influences should the student list as factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply. a) Family b) Culture c) Community d) Society e) Music
Family, Culture, Community, & Society Explanation: Each client defines health in terms of his or her own values and beliefs. The person's family, culture, community, and society also influence this personal perception of health.
When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which of the following concepts? a) Focus on what can no longer be. b) Focus on what is possible. c) Focus on why the client has the illness. d) Focus on the altered functioning.
Focus on what is possible. Explanation: When a client has a chronic illness, the nurse needs to make every effort to promote health with a focus of care that emphasizes what is possible rather than what can no longer be. The others should not be a focus at this time.
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease? a) It persists for a long time. b) It is a sequela of acute illness. c) It takes a long time to cure. d) It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. Explanation: Chronic illness has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time. It is usually seen in old age. It may or may not be due to acute illness. Chronic diseases are a major cause of morbidity in the population.
A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system? a) Primary care b) Secondary care c) Tertiary care d) Extended care
Secondary care Explanation: Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in the secondary level of health care. The first contact with a general physician is the primary care, and the reference to a highly specialized facility for desensitization is the tertiary care level. The secondary and tertiary care facilities are equipped to provide highly specialized care. Extended care is care provided to clients who no longer require acute hospital care.
Research has shown that the incidence of chronic conditions is increasing. Which lifestyle factor is associated with chronic diseases? a) Exercise b) Smoking c) Eustress d) Gastrointestinal disease
Smoking Explanation: Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and sedentary lifestyle, that increase the risk of chronic health problems such as respiratory disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Exercise, eustress, and gastrointestinal disease have not been shown to be factors that have contributed to the increase in chronic conditions.
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care? a) Primary b) Secondary c) Tertiary d) Chronic
Tertiary Explanation: Tertiary health promotion and illness prevention begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Referring an HIV-positive client to a local support group would be an example of tertiary preventive care. Primary health promotion and illness prevention are directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. Secondary health promotion and illness prevention focus on screening for early detection of disease, with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found. The term chronic is not related to health promotion.
When providing holistic care to a client, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is necessary? Select all that apply. a) Understand and respect each person's definition of health. b) Understand and respect each person's responses to illness. c) Focus on the the nurse's definition of health and beliefs. d) Apply the model of health that is most popular. e) Instruct the client that health is an inactive process that just happens.
Understand and respect each person's definition of health., & Understand and respect each person's responses to illness. Explanation: To give holistic care the nurse must understand and respect each person's own definition of health and responses to illness, and should be familiar with models of health and illness. Health is an active process in which a person moves toward his maximum potential.
A nurse is explaining A1C diagnostic testing to a client with diabetes. What level of healthcare delivery does this test suggest? a) quanternary b) secondary c) tertiary d) primary
primary Explanation: Primary care delivery is provided by the first healthcare provider or agency a person contacts and includes teaching and basic care. Quaternary care delivery is an extension of tertiary care. Secondary care delivery is when primary caregivers refer clients for consultation and additional testing. Tertiary care is health services provided at hospitals or medical centers that have complex technology and specialists.