NURS 355 HESI - Peds

How much sleep should a preschooler get each day?

12 hours

How many days in the neonate period?

28 days

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group? A. Good boy-nice girl orientation B. Society maintaining orientation C. Instrumental relativist orientation D. Universal ethical principle orientation

A. Good boy-nice girl orientation

Which topic would the nurse include in a teaching session for the parent of a 13-month-old child? A. Gradual weaning from the bottle B. Signs of toilet training readiness C. Peer companionship during play D. Development of nighttime fears

A. Gradual weaning from the bottle

Which heart rate is the maximum normal for a 16-year-old?

90 bpm

A child in respiratory distress is admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with acute spasmodic laryngitis (spasmodic croup). At the time of discharge, which recommendation would the nurse make to the parent for handling another attack at home? A. "Place them near a cool-mist humidifier." B. "Bring them to the emergency department." C. "Give them an over-the-counter cough syrup." D. "Offer them warm tea sweetened with honey."

A. "Place them near a cool-mist humidifier."

Which statement is true about the instrumental relativist orientation stage? A. An individual recognized that there is more than 1 correct point of view B. An individual finds a balance between societal rules and basic human rights and obligations C. An individual response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules D. An individual sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of societal and other's expectations

A. An individual recognized that there is more than 1 correct point of view

Which is the most appropriate approach for the school nurse to take regarding children who are to be given medications while in school? A. Assuring the children that their privacy will be respected B. Teaching each class about taking medications in the school setting C. Encouraging the children to tell their friends that they are taking a medication D. Asking teachers to answer questions when other students ask about medications given in school

A. Assuring the children that their privacy will be respected

Which therapeutic response would the nurse provide to the parents of an adolescent treated for allergies who privately tell the nurse that they suspect that their child is a hypochondriac? A. Discussing developmental behaviors of adolescents B. Explaining potentially serious complications of allergies C. Discussing some of the underlying causes of hypochondriasis D. Explaining that the parents may be transferring their fears to an adolescent

A. Discussing developmental behaviors of adolescents

Which information would the nurse focus on when teaching a high school student about scoliosis treatment options? A. Effect on body image B. Least invasive treatment C. Continuation with schooling D. Maintenance of contact with peers

A. Effect on body image

Which factors influence vocabulary, speech, and comprehension in preschoolers? A. Environment B. Health status C. Temperament D. Cognitive ability E. Physical development

A. Environment D. Cognitive ability

Which treatment would the nurse anticipate for an infant admitted with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? A. Humidified cool air and adequate hydration B. Postural drainage and oxygen by hood C. Bronchodilators and cough suppressants D. Corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics

A. Humidified cool air and adequate hydration

The nurse is preparing a child who has undergone a myringotomy for discharge. Which would the parent be taught about their child's care at home? A. Insert earplugs whenever a bath is given B. Keep cotton in the ears until drainage subsides C. Keep the child out of school until the ears are healed D. Clean the child's ears with cotton-tipped swabs after each bath

A. Insert earplugs whenever a bath is given

Which reflex would the nurse expect to see while examining an 8-month-old who is developing normally? A. Landau B. Parachute C. Neck righting D. Body righting E. Otolith righting

A. Landau B. Parachute C. Neck righting D. Body righting E. Otolith righting

Which statement about language development in preschoolers is correct? A. Preschoolers find words such as die and dye confusing B. Preschoolers realize that words have arbitrary rather than absolute meanings C. Preschoolers become aware of the rules for linking words into phrases and sentences D. Preschoolers accept language as a means of representing the world in a subjective manner

A. Preschoolers find words such as die and dye confusing

Which action would the nurse take when administering eardrops to a 4-year-old? A. Pull the auricle up and out B. Place the cotton ball into innermost part of canal C. Keep the child in side-lying position for 10 to 15 minutes D. Instill prescribed drops while holding dropper 3 cm above ear canal

A. Pull the auricle up and out

Which action is next when a nurse determines that an adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes has sufficient knowledge of the disorder? A. Setting goals with the client B. Developing rapport with the client C. Teaching the client how to give insulin injections D. Instructing the client how to monitor blood glucose

A. Setting goals with the client

Which age is considered critical for speech development during the preschool years? A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 4 years D. 5 years E. 6 years

B. 3 years C. 4 years

How many words would the nurse expect the 3-year-old child to acquire each day? A. 2 to 3 B. 5 to 6 C. 8 to 10 D. 11 to 13

B. 5 to 6

Which clinical condition is associated with lead poisoning? A. Asthma B. Anemia C. Metabolic acidosis D. Systemic infection

B. Anemia

Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately? A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Oedipus complex

B. Ego

The parent of a child with a terminal illness appears overwhelmed and anxious. Which is the best response by the nurse? A. Explaining the diagnosis in a variety of ways B. Encouraging the parent to express their feelings C. Recommending that the parent talk with other parents D. Offering assurance that surgery will probably correct the problem

B. Encouraging the parent to express their feelings

Which information would the nurse provide to maintain a positive self-image during treatment of a 13-year-old with idiopathic scoliosis who is upset about the treatment regimen and is worried about being different from peers? A. Remind the client of consequences if he or she refuses treatment B. Help investigate appropriate clothing to minimize appearance of the brace C. Disregard negative characteristics and focus on positive attributes D. Refer the client for psychological counseling until the treatment program is completed

B. Help investigate appropriate clothing to minimize appearance of the brace

Which nursing action would be included in the plan of care for a child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? A. Encouraging fluids B. Monitoring for seizures C. Measuring abdominal girth D. Checking for pupillary reactions

B. Monitoring for seizures

A 2-year-old has hearing loss caused by recurrent otitis media. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate that the practitioner will recommend? A. Eardrops B. Myringotomy C. Mastoidectomy D. Steroid therapy

B. Myringotomy

Which sleep pattern would the nurse recognize as normal in preschoolers? A. Daytime naps are very common among preschoolers B. On average, a preschooler sleeps about 12 hours a night C. Partial awakening leading to sleeplessness is common among preschoolers D. About 30% of sleep time in preschoolers is spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM)

B. On average, a preschooler sleeps about 12 hours a night

Which nursing intervention would the nurse direct toward a child admitted for acute glomerulonephritis? A. Enforcing bedrest B. Promoting diuresis C. Encouraging fluids D. Removing dietary salt

B. Promoting diuresis

After the nurse provides education about all-terrain-vehicle (ATV) safety for a parent of a 11-year-old child, which statement made by the parent indicates an understanding of the information? A. "I will make my child ride with an adult." B. "I will make sure my child wears a helmet." C. "I will make sure my child does not get on an ATV." D. "I will make sure my child has had safety training before he or she rides."

C. "I will make sure my child does not get on an ATV."

What is the average height of a 4-year-old child? A. 2 feet, 10 inches B. 3 feet, 1.5 inches C. 3 feet, 4.5 inches D. 3 feet, 7.5 inches

C. 3 feet, 4.5 inches

In which stage of Erikson's theory does the child initiate self-care activities? A. Initiative versis guilt B. Integrity versus despair C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation

C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt

Which consideration would the nurse identify as the most important need of a hospitalized toddler? A. Stimulating play B. Social opportunities C. Contact with their parent D. Gentle discipline from the nurse

C. Contact with their parent

Which period of Piaget's theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Formal operations D. Concrete operations

C. Formal operations

Which method of medication administration is commonly used in toddlers when the child has poor intravenous (IV) access during an emergency situation? A. Intrathecal B. Intraarterial C. Intraosseous D. Intraperitoneal

C. Intraosseous

The nurse is planning to teach the four-point alternate crutch gait to a 9-year-old child with cerebral palsy. How would the nurse explain this choice to the parents? A. The child has minimal step ability in the lower extremities B. It provides for two points of support on the floor at all times C. It provides for equal but partial weight bearing on each limb D. The child has more power in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities

C. It provides for equal but partial weight bearing on each limb

Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size? A. Toddler B. Preschool C. School-age D. Adolescence

C. School-age

Which physical changes are characteristic of a preschool-aged child? A. Flexed thoracic spine B. Increased foot eversion C. Growth spurt D. Balanced and coordinated body E. Decreased abdominal protrusion

D. Balanced and coordinated body E. Decreased abdominal protrusion

While assessing a neonate's temperature, the nurse observes a drop in the body temperature. Which reason explains this temperature drop? A. Increased basal metabolic rate B. Decreased involuntary shivering C. Increased voluntary movements D. Decreased nonshivering thermogenesis

D. Decreased nonshivering thermogenesis

Which statement is true about Piaget's theory of cognitive development? A. Piaget's theory includes five periods that are related to age B. In the late preoperational stage, the children experience animism C. In the preoperational stage, children are able to perform mental operations D. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop an action pattern for dealing with their environment

D. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop an action pattern for dealing with their environment

Which feeding habit would the nurse expect to find while assessing a 6-month-old infant? A. Uses a spoon B. Drinks from a cup C. Has favorite foods D. Feeds self crackers

D. Feeds self crackers

Which fine motor skill would the nurse anticipate when assessing a 15-month-old client during a health maintenance visit? A. Kneeling without support B. Standing without support C. Creeping up stairs without assistance D. Holding cubes in one hand without assistance

D. Holding cubes in one hand without assistance

The weight of a 3-month-old infant with tetrallogy of Fallot has declined from the 25th percentile to the 5th. Which mechanism would the nurse suspect is the reason for this inadequate weight gain? A. Cyanosis resulting in cerebral changes B. Decreased arterial oxygen level resulting in polycythemia C. Pulmonary hypertension resulting in recurrent respiratory infections D. Inadequate oxygen perfusion leading to activity intolerance, resulting in diminished energy to nurse

D. Inadequate oxygen perfusion leading to activity intolerance, resulting in diminished energy to nurse

An infant is found to have developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 6 weeks after birth. The parents ask a nurse at the clinic why their infant must be restrained in a harness at such an early age. How should the nurse respond? A. Infants are easier to manage in a harness than toddlers B. Mobility will be delayed if correction is postponed until later C. Adduction devices cannot be used as effectively after the toddler age D. Infants' hip joints are cartilaginous, allowing molding of the acetabulum

D. Infants' hip joints are cartilaginous, allowing molding of the acetabulum

Which statement is true about an appropriate diet for toddlers? A. Finger foods should not be served B. Toddlers need 4 to 6 cups of milk per day C. Low-fat or skim milk should be given until the child is 2 years old D. Milk should be supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits

D. Milk should be supplemented with solid food items like vegetables and fruits

Which factor is the strongest predictor of illness in a childcare setting? A. Unsanitary conditions B. A caregiver who smokes C. Age of the children being cared for D. Number of unrelated children in a room

D. Number of unrelated children in a room

A parent asks the nurse what to do when the toddler has temper tantrums. Which play materials would the nurse that the child be offered as another means of expressing anger? A. Ball and bat B. Wad of clay C. Punching bag D. Pegs and pounding board

D. Pegs and pounding board

For which additional defect would the nurse assess an infant with exstrophy of the bladder? A. Imperforate anus B. Absence of one kidney C. Congenital heart disease D. Pubic bone malformation

D. Pubic bone malformation

Which statement is true for collecting a urine sample in toddlers? A. A hat is placed under the toilet seat B. Urine can be squeezed from the diaper C. Force the child to void in an unfamiliar receptacle D. Single-use bags can be placed over the child's urethral meatus

D. Single-use bags can be placed over the child's urethral meatus

Which order should parents introduce new foods to a 5-month-old who is now eating fortified cereal mixed with formula? A. Meats and fish B. Eggs and cheeses C. Citrus fruits and bread D. Vegetables and non-citrus fruits

D. Vegetables and non-citrus fruits