Nursing - Development
A 7-month-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic for a well-child visit. The nurse assesses several of the infant's behaviors. What behavior is most unusual for an infant of this age?
A 7-month-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic for a well-child visit. The nurse assesses several of the infant's behaviors. What behavior is most unusual for an infant of this age? Correct1 Putting clothespins in a plastic bottle
An adolescent who is extremely underweight and disappears into the bathroom after meals angrily says to the nurse, "I don't need to be here. I don't have any problems. Stop watching me." The most therapeutic response by the nurse, aimed at reducing the client's feeling of being threatened, is:
"I hear how frustrated you are to be here
An 8-year-old child is found to have oppositional defiant disorder. What behavior noted by the nurse supports this diagnosis? 1 Easily distracted Correct2 Argues with adults
An 8-year-old child is found to have oppositional defiant disorder. What behavior noted by the nurse supports this diagnosis? 1 Easily distracted Correct2 Argues with adults
Clients with eating disorders often exhibit similar symptoms. What should the nurse expect an adolescent with anorexia nervosa to exhibit? Correct1 Affective instability
Clients with eating disorders often exhibit similar symptoms. What should the nurse expect an adolescent with anorexia nervosa to exhibit? Correct1 Affective instability
While in the playroom of a pediatric unit the nurse sees several toddlers seated at a table trying to copy the same picture from a book. They are not talking to each other or sharing their crayons. What does the nurse conclude about this behavioral interaction?
It is a typical expression of toddlers' social development
For which clinical indication should a nurse observe a child in whom autism is suspected?
Lack of eye contact
A 16-year-old high school student who has anorexia nervosa tells the school nurse that she thinks she that is pregnant even though she has had intercourse only once, more than a year ago. What is the most appropriate inference for the nurse to make about the student?
Lacking knowledge that anorexia can cause amenorrhea
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child's gross motor development. Which action by the child indicates late development? 1 The child cannot change from a prone to a sitting position. Correct2 The child is unable to stand by holding onto furniture
The nurse is assessing an 8-month-old child's gross motor development. Which action by the child indicates late development? 1 The child cannot change from a prone to a sitting position. Correct2 The child is unable to stand by holding onto furniture
When planning activities for a child with autism, the nurse remembers that autistic children respond best to:
Their own self-stimulating acts
To provide appropriate psychosocial support to clients, a nurse must understand development across the life span. What theory is the nurse using in considering relationships and resulting behaviors the central factors that influence development? 1 Cognitive theory Incorrect2 Psychosocial theory Correct3 Interpersonal theory
To provide appropriate psychosocial support to clients, a nurse must understand development across the life span. What theory is the nurse using in considering relationships and resulting behaviors the central factors that influence development? 1 Cognitive theory Incorrect2 Psychosocial theory Correct3 Interpersonal theory
What does the nurse identify as an early sign of chronic lead poisoning (plumbism) in school-aged children? Correct1 Anemia
What does the nurse identify as an early sign of chronic lead poisoning (plumbism) in school-aged children? Correct1 Anemia
What is the best way for the nurse to promote the social development of a 9-month-old infant? Correct1 Engaging in peek-a-boo
What is the best way for the nurse to promote the social development of a 9-month-old infant? Correct1 Engaging in peek-a-boo
What is the first action a nurse should take before administering a tube feeding to an infant? 1 Irrigating the tube with water Correct2 Offering a pacifier to the infant
What is the first action a nurse should take before administering a tube feeding to an infant? 1 Irrigating the tube with water Correct2 Offering a pacifier to the infant
A 9-year-old child has been found to have Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and is on bedrest. The nurse encourages the parents to look for something creative for the child to do or a hobby for the child to begin with the purpose of: 1 Relieving pain 2 Stimulating the mind Incorrect3 Encouraging the use of functional joints Correct4 Meeting the developmental task of industry
A 9-year-old child has been found to have Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and is on bedrest. The nurse encourages the parents to look for something creative for the child to do or a hobby for the child to begin with the purpose of: 1 Relieving pain 2 Stimulating the mind Incorrect3 Encouraging the use of functional joints Correct4 Meeting the developmental task of industry
A nurse educator is leading a class on supporting middle-aged adults who are experiencing midlife crises. What should the nurse include as the most significant factor in the development of this type of crisis? Correct1 The perception of their life situation
A nurse educator is leading a class on supporting middle-aged adults who are experiencing midlife crises. What should the nurse include as the most significant factor in the development of this type of crisis? Correct1 The perception of their life situation
A nurse understands that autism is a form of a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Which factor unique to autism differentiates it from other forms of PDD? 1 Less severe linguistic handicaps Correct2 Early onset, before 36 months of age
A nurse understands that autism is a form of a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Which factor unique to autism differentiates it from other forms of PDD? 1 Less severe linguistic handicaps Correct2 Early onset, before 36 months of age
The nurse is assessing four 2 ½-year-old children in a pediatric center. Which child would require further assessment?
Child 3 Generally, by 2 ½ years, the child's weight increases by four times the birth weight. The child with a birth weight of 2.5 kg should have 10 kg of body weight by 2 ½ years. Therefore, Child 3 is in need of further assessment for signs of obesity. The body weight of 12 kg indicates a normal finding in Child 1. The body weight of 15.2 kg indicates a normal finding in Child 2. The body weight of 11.2 kg indicates a normal finding in Child 4. Children who are 2 ½-years-old can jump with both feet, stand on one foot momentarily, build a tower of eight cubes, and hold a crayon with their fingers.
During a follow-up visit, the mother of a 10-month-old infant says, "My child lifts one foot to take a step, stands by holding the furniture, but does not attempt to stand alone without support, and walks while holding onto a hand." What is the accurate nursing response in this situation? 1 "Your child may be in need of minor leg surgery." Correct2 "Your child should be able to stand alone in another 2 months.
During a follow-up visit, the mother of a 10-month-old infant says, "My child lifts one foot to take a step, stands by holding the furniture, but does not attempt to stand alone without support, and walks while holding onto a hand." What is the accurate nursing response in this situation? 1 "Your child may be in need of minor leg surgery." Correct2 "Your child should be able to stand alone in another 2 months.
During a follow-up visit, the nurse observes that a toddler still has improper bone development, even after proper nutritional counseling to the mother. Which foods, when omitted, are responsible for this condition in the infant? Select all that apply. Incorrect1 Fish Correct2 Waffles 3 Dried fruits 4 Red meats Correct5 Orange juice
During a follow-up visit, the nurse observes that a toddler still has improper bone development, even after proper nutritional counseling to the mother. Which foods, when omitted, are responsible for this condition in the infant? Select all that apply. Incorrect1 Fish Correct2 Waffles 3 Dried fruits 4 Red meats Correct5 Orange juice
When assessing a child's reflexes, the nurse places the child in the prone position and presses a thumb along the child's spine from sacrum to neck. The nurse finds that the child starts crying and urinates while flexing the extremities. Which reflex is the nurse assessing in the child? Correct1 Perez reflex
When assessing a child's reflexes, the nurse places the child in the prone position and presses a thumb along the child's spine from sacrum to neck. The nurse finds that the child starts crying and urinates while flexing the extremities. Which reflex is the nurse assessing in the child? Correct1 Perez reflex
A 3½-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy. What should the nurse use to best prepare the child for the hospital experience? 1 A diagram Incorrect2 Puppet play 3 A storybook Correct4 Therapeutic play
A 3½-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy. What should the nurse use to best prepare the child for the hospital experience? 1 A diagram Incorrect2 Puppet play 3 A storybook Correct4 Therapeutic play
The mother of an 18-year-old man comes to the local mental health center. She is extremely upset because of her son's behavior since the young man returned from his freshman year at college. He takes his brother's clothing, comes in at all hours, and refuses to get a job. Sometimes he is happy and outgoing, but at other times he is withdrawn. The mother asks why her son is like this. While contemplating this situation, the nurse considers that adolescents are usually:
Impulsive and self-centered
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is terminally ill. The 4-year-old child's concept of death is based on a sense of causality. In what stage of Piaget's cognitive development is this child? 1 Formal operations Correct2 Preoperational thought
Preoperational thought
Incidences of child molestation often are revealed years later when the victim is an adult. Which defense mechanism reflects this situation?
Repression
A 15-year-old adolescent with Down syndrome is scheduled for surgery. The parents inform the nurse that their child has a mental age of 8 years. At what age level should the nurse prepare the child's preoperative teaching plan?
School-age, because this is the child's developmental age
The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child's condition? 1 45,XO 2 47,XXX 3 47,XYY Correct4 48,XXXY
The nurse is assessing the development of a male child and finds that the child is tall, with deficient secondary sex characteristics and hypogenitalism. Which chromosomal notation is associated with the child's condition? 1 45,XO 2 47,XXX 3 47,XYY Correct4 48,XXXY
What is the priority nursing intervention in the planning of nursing care for an adolescent client with anorexia nervosa? Correct1 Rewarding weight gain by increasing privileges
What is the priority nursing intervention in the planning of nursing care for an adolescent client with anorexia nervosa? Correct1 Rewarding weight gain by increasing privileges
Which activities should the nurse expect to see exhibited by a healthy 6-month-old infant during an evaluation of the infant's growth and development? Select all that apply. Correct1 Playing peek-a-boo Correct2 Turning completely over Correct3 Reaching to be picked up 4 Pulling up to a standing position Correct5 Sitting for a short time without support
Which activities should the nurse expect to see exhibited by a healthy 6-month-old infant during an evaluation of the infant's growth and development? Select all that apply. Correct1 Playing peek-a-boo Correct2 Turning completely over Correct3 Reaching to be picked up 4 Pulling up to a standing position Correct5 Sitting for a short time without support
Which finding indicates that a newborn has vernix caseosa? 1 Brown hair on the skin 2 Rosy to yellowish skin Correct3 Cheese-like substance on the skin
Which finding indicates that a newborn has vernix caseosa? 1 Brown hair on the skin 2 Rosy to yellowish skin Correct3 Cheese-like substance on the skin
A mother and her 5-year-old daughter have been referred to a child advocacy center for a forensic pediatric sexual examination. Before the child is examined or interviewed, the mother gives a detailed history, relaying her suspicion that the child's maternal grandfather sexually assaulted her. As the interview progresses, the mother suddenly says, "My father sexually molested me when I was a child, but I try not to think about it." What defense mechanism does the nurse recognize that the mother's statement demonstrates? 1 Introjection Correct2 Suppression
A mother and her 5-year-old daughter have been referred to a child advocacy center for a forensic pediatric sexual examination. Before the child is examined or interviewed, the mother gives a detailed history, relaying her suspicion that the child's maternal grandfather sexually assaulted her. As the interview progresses, the mother suddenly says, "My father sexually molested me when I was a child, but I try not to think about it." What defense mechanism does the nurse recognize that the mother's statement demonstrates? 1 Introjection Correct2 Suppression
A mother tells the nurse that her 7-month-old infant has just started sitting without support. The nurse teaches the mother that this: Correct1 Is expected developmental behavior at this age
A mother tells the nurse that her 7-month-old infant has just started sitting without support. The nurse teaches the mother that this: Correct1 Is expected developmental behavior at this age
A nurse expects a child with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder to: 1 Have been physically abused 2 Try to cling to the mother on separation Correct3 Be able to develop just superficial relationships with others
A nurse expects a child with a diagnosis of reactive attachment disorder to: 1 Have been physically abused 2 Try to cling to the mother on separation Correct3 Be able to develop just superficial relationships with others
A nurse is caring for a preschooler on the pediatric unit. What does the nurse identify as the child's greatest fear at this age? 1 Death Correct2 Mutilation
A nurse is caring for a preschooler on the pediatric unit. What does the nurse identify as the child's greatest fear at this age? 1 Death Correct2 Mutilation
A nurse reviews with the parents of a young infant the principles of growth and development. Place the milestones in the order of their usual achievement. Correct 1. Sits momentarily without support and rolls over Correct 2. Waves bye-bye and sits alone Correct 3. Walks alone and builds a tower of two blocks Correct 4. Climbs stairs and drinks from a cup Correct 5. Draws a vertical line and walks on tiptoe
A nurse reviews with the parents of a young infant the principles of growth and development. Place the milestones in the order of their usual achievement. Correct 1. Sits momentarily without support and rolls over Correct 2. Waves bye-bye and sits alone Correct 3. Walks alone and builds a tower of two blocks Correct 4. Climbs stairs and drinks from a cup Correct 5. Draws a vertical line and walks on tiptoe
After assessing a 1-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion? 1 The child's head bends toward the side that the nurse strokes. Incorrect2 The child's hips move toward the side that the nurse stimulates. 3 The child abducts his or her arms while flexing the elbows when the nurse makes a loud noise. Correct4 The child's toes hyperextend when the nurse strokes the heel upward across the foot.
After assessing a 1-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child has normal development. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion? 1 The child's head bends toward the side that the nurse strokes. Incorrect2 The child's hips move toward the side that the nurse stimulates. 3 The child abducts his or her arms while flexing the elbows when the nurse makes a loud noise. Correct4 The child's toes hyperextend when the nurse strokes the heel upward across the foot.
While assessing a group of children, which child is underdeveloped according to the table?
Child D Child D is underdeveloped because the average height and weight of a 5-year-old child should be 110 cm and 19 kg. The average height of and weight of a 3-year-old child is 95 cm and 14.5 kg. Therefore, child A and child B show normal growth and development. The average height and weight of a 4-year-old child is 103 cm and 16.7 kg. Therefore, child C is not underdeveloped
Erik Erikson posited life as a sequence of achievements. Place the levels of development in their order of achievement according to Erikson's theory. Correct 1. Industry versus inferiority Correct 2. Identity versus role confusion Correct 3. Intimacy versus isolation Correct 4. Generativity versus stagnation Correct 5. Integrity versus despair
Erik Erikson posited life as a sequence of achievements. Place the levels of development in their order of achievement according to Erikson's theory. Correct 1. Industry versus inferiority Correct 2. Identity versus role confusion Correct 3. Intimacy versus isolation Correct 4. Generativity versus stagnation Correct 5. Integrity versus despair
While assessing an 18-month-old child a nurse observes that the toddler can crawl up stairs but needs assistance when climbing the stairs upright. What does this indicate to the nurse?
Expected behavior in a toddler of this age
What type of play does a nurse expect to see while observing a toddler in a playroom with other children?
Parallel
A mother brings her 7-year-old son into an outpatient clinic for a follow-up appointment. The mother appeared angry and agitated with the boy. Looking at the boy's medical chart, the nurse notes that the boy has a diagnosis of encopresis. The primary symptom of encopresis is:
Passing feces either voluntarily or involuntarily into inappropriate places
Before surgery to relieve an intestinal obstruction, a 3-month-old infant is kept on nothing-by-mouth status and has a nasogastric tube in place. Which nursing intervention will help calm the infant and meet developmental needs?
Providing a pacifier for the infant to suck
A nurse becomes aware of an older client's feeling of loneliness when the client states, "I only have a few friends. My daughter lives in another state and couldn't care less whether I live or die. She doesn't even know I'm in the hospital." The nurse identifies the client's communication as a:
Reflection of depression that is causing feelings of hopelessness
On the afternoon of admission to a psychiatric unit, an adolescent boy with the diagnosis of schizophrenia exposes his genitals to a female nurse. What should the nurse's immediate therapeutic response be?
Stating that this behavior is unacceptable
The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child admitted from the emergency department after an acute asthma attack. The child has a new order for fluticasone (Flovent). What instructions must the family be given about this drug before the child's discharge? 1 Flovent needs to be taken with food or milk. 2 Flovent is primarily used to treat acute asthma attacks. 3 The child should suck on hard candy to help relieve dry mouth. Correct4 Watch for white patches in the mouth and report them to the primary care provider
The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child admitted from the emergency department after an acute asthma attack. The child has a new order for fluticasone (Flovent). What instructions must the family be given about this drug before the child's discharge? 1 Flovent needs to be taken with food or milk. 2 Flovent is primarily used to treat acute asthma attacks. 3 The child should suck on hard candy to help relieve dry mouth. Correct4 Watch for white patches in the mouth and report them to the primary care provider
What gross motor skills should the nurse expect a developmentally appropriate 3-year-old child to perform? Select all that apply. 1 Skipping on alternate feet 2 Riding alone on a small bicycle Correct3 Standing on one foot for a few seconds Correct4 Alternating the feet when walking up stairs
What gross motor skills should the nurse expect a developmentally appropriate 3-year-old child to perform? Select all that apply. 1 Skipping on alternate feet 2 Riding alone on a small bicycle Correct3 Standing on one foot for a few seconds Correct4 Alternating the feet when walking up stairs
What is the prognosis for a normal productive life for a child with autism? Incorrect1 Dependent on an early diagnosis 2 Often related to the child's overall temperament 3 Ensured as long as the child attends a school tailored to meet needs Correct4 Unlikely because of interference with so many parameters of function
What is the prognosis for a normal productive life for a child with autism? Incorrect1 Dependent on an early diagnosis 2 Often related to the child's overall temperament 3 Ensured as long as the child attends a school tailored to meet needs Correct4 Unlikely because of interference with so many parameters of function
What strategy should the nurse employ to be effective when using play therapy with a 6-year-old child with autism? 1 Play music and dance with the child. Correct2 Use mechanical and inanimate objects for play
What strategy should the nurse employ to be effective when using play therapy with a 6-year-old child with autism? 1 Play music and dance with the child. Correct2 Use mechanical and inanimate objects for play
Which of the following variables are scored on a biophysical profile? Select all that apply. Correct1 Fetal tone 2 Fetal position Correct3 Fetal movement Correct4 Amniotic fluid index Correct5 Fetal breathing movements
Which of the following variables are scored on a biophysical profile? Select all that apply. Correct1 Fetal tone 2 Fetal position Correct3 Fetal movement Correct4 Amniotic fluid index Correct5 Fetal breathing movements
Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply. CorrectA Webbed neck B Impaired language C Tall stature with long legs CorrectD Low position of posterior hairline CorrectE Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples
Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply. CorrectA Webbed neck B Impaired language C Tall stature with long legs CorrectD Low position of posterior hairline CorrectE Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples
While assessing a 2-month-old infant, the nurse makes a loud sound and observes that the child forms a "C" shape with thumb and index finger while flexing the extremities. What does the nurse interpret from these findings? Correct1 The child is exhibiting the Moro reflex.
While assessing a 2-month-old infant, the nurse makes a loud sound and observes that the child forms a "C" shape with thumb and index finger while flexing the extremities. What does the nurse interpret from these findings? Correct1 The child is exhibiting the Moro reflex.
While examining a newborn the nurse brushes a finger upward on the infant's sole. The newborn responds by fanning the toes outward. Which reflex is the nurse eliciting? 1 Rooting 2 Moro 3 Plantar grasp Correct4 Babinski
While examining a newborn the nurse brushes a finger upward on the infant's sole. The newborn responds by fanning the toes outward. Which reflex is the nurse eliciting? 1 Rooting 2 Moro 3 Plantar grasp Correct4 Babinski
Why does the nurse recommend that parents give their child food rich in vitamin A? Correct1 To help the child improve visual acuity
Why does the nurse recommend that parents give their child food rich in vitamin A? Correct1 To help the child improve visual acuity
occurs first and ending with the one that occurs last. Correct 1. Gains head control Incorrect 2. Turns from the back to the abdomen Incorrect 3. Turns from the abdomen to the back Correct 4. Sits alone in the tripod position Correct 5. Assumes the sitting position independently
occurs first and ending with the one that occurs last. Correct 1. Gains head control Incorrect 2. Turns from the back to the abdomen Incorrect 3. Turns from the abdomen to the back Correct 4. Sits alone in the tripod position Correct 5. Assumes the sitting position independently
A 6-year-old child is found to have type 1 diabetes. In light of the child's cognitive developmental level, which explanation of the illness is most appropriate?
"Taking insulin for your diabetes is like getting new batteries for your superhero toys
The nurse is assessing head growth in a 7-month-old infant. The nurse observes that the rate of the growth has been 0.5 cm since the 6-month check-up. What does the nurse tell the parents about the child's development? mal.
"The child's head growth is normal.
A parent brings an 18-month-old toddler to the clinic. The parent reports, "My child is so difficult to please! He has temper tantrums and annoys me by throwing food from the table." What is the best response by the nurse?
"Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age
A nurse is aware that an older adult is at risk for social isolation as a result of certain factors. Select all that apply. Incorrect1 Wearing bilateral hearing aids 2 Being an insulin-dependent diabetic Correct3 Living alone since a spouse's death 3 years ago Correct4 Experiencing progressive macular degeneration
A nurse is aware that an older adult is at risk for social isolation as a result of certain factors. Select all that apply. Incorrect1 Wearing bilateral hearing aids 2 Being an insulin-dependent diabetic Correct3 Living alone since a spouse's death 3 years ago Correct4 Experiencing progressive macular degeneration
A nurse is caring for a group of children with the diagnosis of autism. Which signs and symptoms are associated with this disorder? Select all that apply. 1 Lack of appetite 2 Depressed mood Correct3 Repetitive activities Correct4 Self-injurious behaviors Correct5 Lack of communication with others
A nurse is caring for a group of children with the diagnosis of autism. Which signs and symptoms are associated with this disorder? Select all that apply. 1 Lack of appetite 2 Depressed mood Correct3 Repetitive activities Correct4 Self-injurious behaviors Correct5 Lack of communication with others
A nurse notes that a child is exhibiting signs of cerebral palsy. At what age are these signs usually first noticeable? Incorrect1 2 years 2 3 years 3 3 months Correct4 12 months
A nurse notes that a child is exhibiting signs of cerebral palsy. At what age are these signs usually first noticeable? Incorrect1 2 years 2 3 years 3 3 months Correct4 12 months
The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about adhesives to be used for preterm infants. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective learning? 1 "I should remove the adhesive with solvents or bonding agents." 2 "I should remove the adhesive within 24 hours after application." 3 "I should avoid semipermeable dressings to secure intravenous lines." Correct4 "I should secure pulse oximeter probes with elasticized dressing material.
The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about adhesives to be used for preterm infants. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective learning? 1 "I should remove the adhesive with solvents or bonding agents." 2 "I should remove the adhesive within 24 hours after application." 3 "I should avoid semipermeable dressings to secure intravenous lines." Correct4 "I should secure pulse oximeter probes with elasticized dressing material.
