NUSC 1167 Exam #3

Describe the events that takes place during the child's first birthday

1st birthday: - the child is dressed in traditional clothing - placed among stacks of objects (rice cakes, cookies, fruits) - the child chooses an object that represent professions (used to predict the future - pen = writing - coin = finance

What is the major lemon producing region of Italy?

Sorrento, Caprio, and the Amalfi Coast

Name the religions followed by: South Koreans & North Koreans

South Korea: - Buddhism - Confucianism North Korea: - Christianity - Shamanism - Chundo Kyo

Describe the health issues affecting Koreans: Stomach Cancer & Hypertension

Stomach cancer - may be attributed to dietary consumption of soybean paste, kimchi, high sodium, and toxins from the food fermentation process Hypertension

Cambodia History - Briefly describe characteristics associated with each time period: Angkor Empire, French Rule & Khmer Rouge

Angkor Empire: - Peak from the 10th and 13th Centuries - Declined due to attacks by Thai and Cham (currently Vietnam) Late 1800s: - Cambodia was under French rule until 1953 Khmer Rouge (1975-1979): - The Communist Party, led by Pol Pot, gained Cambodian Rule in 1975. - Consequences: Evacuation of Phnom Penh, major cities - Agricultural society and elimination of social classes - Citizens were deprived of their basic rights, many died of starvation, exhaustion, diseases, or execution

What is the major religion that African Americans followed?

Baptist

Meal Composition and Cycle - describe the dietary components that make up: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner

Breakfast: - Light meal - Bread or roll with jam - Cup of coffee (with milk) - Complete Breakfast Meal (Fresh fruit or pastries and occasionally ham or cheese) Lunch (Main Meal): - Consumed with family or friends - Appetizers (Fritters or empanadas) - Meat or seafood stew or grilled meat dish - Sides: Rice, beans, fried potatoes, greens - Salads served with the meal Dinner: - Lighter meal around 9 pm each evening - Cold cuts, seafood salad, or a serving of soup or stews

Describe the following common dishes in India: Chicken Biryani, Kofta, Roti, Kheer, Lassi, Samosas & Vindaloo

Chicken Biryani - Mixed rice dish - Incorporates chicken, lamb, goat, or fish - Garam masala Kofta - Ground meats with dal Roti - Flatbreads in Northern India - Prepared on a griddle Kheer - Rice pudding with water, sugar, and cardamom Lassi - Yogurt based beverage - Sweet, salty or spicy Samosas - Spicy, deep fried turnovers with either vegetable ingredients or meats Vindaloo - Hot and sour curry - Incorporates chicken or pork, chili peppers, coconut, vinegar, tomatoes - Commonly prepared in coastal areas of India

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: Describe the process of cupping & describe the process of coining

Cupping: - Heated cup or cup with burning paper is placed over specific parts of the body, usually the back. - A red spot remains after the heat or fire subsides Coining: - Placing a coin in tiger balm ointment and rubbing it against the skin

Describe the family structure characteristics in Japan

Family - Families were expected to live in harmony Ideals - Children cared for the parents as they aged - Important to suppress emotions - Demonstrate self-control - Being polite and respectful

Public Health Issues: How was the Khmer Rouge conflict connected to nutritional status in Cambodia and after immigration to the United States?

War cause: - food shortage - lack of clean water/sanitation shelter - low immunization coverage - low access to health care - lack of resources - armed conflict Which caused: - damage to agriculture - population displacement - damage to health care infrastructure - decreased health expenditure - killed, injured, disabled - abused mental damage - malnutrition and starvation - increase in infectious diseases

Describe the components of a gnocchi dish

baked semolina potato dumplings

Traditional health beliefs and practices - how do they define well-being?

being able to pursue normal, daily activities

Special occasions - what is pane di pasqua

braided easter bread with hard-boiled eggs

Delizia al limone description

dome-shaped cake with lemon custard and limoncello syrup

Describe the ingredients in fettuccine alfredo

egg noodles with butter, cream, and grated cheese

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - main course

fish, meat, or poultry

Traditional health beliefs and practices - what is necessary for good health according to Italians?

fresh air

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - antipasti

ham, sausages, pickled vegetables, olives, bread

Italian family structure - role of the father

head of household and strict disciplinarian

Italian family structure - role of the mother

home activities and family budget

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - salad

insalata

What does truffle hunting entail in Italy?

involves trained dogs accompanying Italian truffle hunters to sniff out the cherished mushrooms buried deep beneath the forest floor

Limoncello description

lemon-based alcohol with vodka and syrup

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - meal accompanied by wine

lunch - accompanied by wine

What does terrace agriculture entail?

method of growing crops on steep hilly slopes by constructing successive levels of flat surfaces along the slope that resembles the steps of a ladder

Identify the following as staple foods in Italy: pasta & risotto

pasta & risotto

What is rocket salad?

salad with arugula greens

Describe the characteristics of the following foods from Florence - truffle products

tagliatelle pasta with white fish with truffle sauce

What is saltimbocca?

veal with thin slices of prosciutto and sage leaves

Describe the characteristics of Korean Folk Illnesses: Hwabyung, Han & Shinggyongshaeyak

Hwabyung: - anger, victimization, stress - associated with poor appetite, stomach pain, chest pain, weight gain, shortness of breath and high blood pressure - affects mostly women Han: - causes a painful lump in the throat - person suffers disappointments and regrets Shinggyongshaeyak: - caused by stress (lack of positive or happy interactions with individuals) - results in insomnia, weight loss, and nervous collapse - reliance on a shaman or spiritual mediator

Majority religion followed in Italy

Roman Catholic

Describe the traditional or common foods in Pakistan: Lamb Korma, Tamarind Chutney, Beef Kofta, Raytas, Cholay, Naan & Saiji

Lamb Korma - Curried lamb dish with a nut and yogurt thickened sauce Tamarind Chutney - Thick and flavorful sauce that accompanies curry dishes Beef Kofta - Meatballs made from ground meats Raytas - Yogurt side dish with vegetables and seasonings Cholay - Curried chickpeas with chili peppers, onions, tomatoes, cumin, and tumeric Naan - Oval-shaped wheat bread baked in deep-jar clay oven or tandoori oven Saiji - Spit-roasted chicken or lamb - Commonly prepared in southwestern Pakistan

Osso bucco - what region or city of Italy is this from?

Milan

Risotto all Milanese - what region or city of Italy is this from?

Milan

What was the purpose of this country arriving in Brazil?

Portuguese contributions to the Brazilian diet: - Dried salted cod and smoked-cured pork sausage (linguiça) - Cozido stews containing meats and vegetables - Sweet Desserts

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - ascuitta

(dry course) pasta, risotto, or gnocchi

Italian lunch: main meal of the day - minestra

(wet course) soup

Osso bucco - what is in the dish?

- "hollow bone" - wine-braised veal shanks

Meal Composition and Cycle - Characteristics and number of meals consumed in the following regions: Ethiopians, Eritreans, Somalians

- 1 - 2 meals/day

Meal Composition and Cycle - Characteristics and number of meals consumed in the following regions: South Africans

- 3 meals/day - Dinner is the largest meal

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What is a curandiero?

- A curendiero may be a priest or priestess who diagnoses and treats spiritual problems - Prescribe healing baths or botanicals

What is Capoeira?

- A system of physical discipline and movement originating among Brazilian slaves, treated as a martial art and dance form

Brazil Foods: What is malagueta pepper?

- Adopted by West Africans in Brazil

Describe the family structure for the following: African Americans

- African Americans: Multi-Generational Homes

Describe the family structure for the following: Africans

- Africans: Patriarchal, arranged marriages

Name the minor religions and describe their characteristics: Candomblé

- Afro-Brazilian faith founded in the Bahia region and now practiced nationwide by followers of all ethnicities - African-derived beliefs dealing with earthly matters such as health and wealth are combined with Catholic cosmology

Describe the following Eriterean and Somalian foods: Anjeero, Fritatta, Sambosa & Shuro or Shira

- Anjeero: Somalian flat-bread - Fritatta: scrambled egg dish with vegetables - Sambosa: vegetables and meat-stuffed fritters - Shuro or shiro: think paste made from chickpeas, onions, tomatoes, and berbere

Immigration Patterns

- Approximately 326,500 Brazilians reside in the United States - "Little Brazils" were established in Queens and Manhattan - Settlements in Pennsylvania, Washington DC, Miami

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: In Japan, what does the Blue Zones entail?

- Areas where there are higher rates of individuals living over 100 years old - Plant-based diet - Waking up everyday with a purpose and positive attitude "igikai" - Social support - Physical activity (gardening, yoga) - Genetics

Nutritional Status: What food groups did Asian Indian Americans meet the recommendations for?

- Asian Indian Americans met recommendations for grains and vegetables

Ayurvedic Medicine: What does it mean? What are vaidyas?

- Ayurvedic Medicine (ayur=longevity, veda=science of knowledge) - Recently declined in India to biomedicine - Vaidyas: individuals who practice ayurvedic medicine - evaluate the pulses, face, eyes, nails, client's preferences, work habits, and character

Afro-Brazilian Fare: What regions in Brazil are these foods from?

- Bahia region of Brazil

Describe the following traditional foods in India: Basmati Rice, Fermented Milk and Yogurt , Paneer, Ghee & Masalas

- Basmati Rice - Fermented milk and yogurt - Paneer: fresh cheese from buffalo milk - Ghee: pure, clarified butter - Masalas: distinct mixtures of spices and herbs

What beverages are commonly consumed at meals?

- Beer, wine, fruit juice, and soft drinks are beverages commonly consumed at meals

Major Holidays - describe the characteristics of each of the following: Brazil Independence Day

- Brazil Independence Day - September 27th

Brazil Foods: Describe pao de queijo

- Brazilian Cheese Bread

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What do Brazilians attribute bad health to?

- Brazilians often attribute bad health to liver problems or a hot-cold imbalance

What is the major religion of Cambodia?

- Buddhism

Cambodian Holidays: Describe how Cambodian Thanksgiving is celebrated

- Cambodian Thanksgiving or Ancestor's Day (Pchum Ben) in September or October - The deceased family members are honored in prayer - Food is prepared and left for the deceased spirits - Foods are also offered to monks at the temple

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What are the health beliefs of Candomble followers?

- Candomblé followers believe that balance between the earth and spiritual aspects is needed for health

Brazil Foods: What is canjica?

- Caramel custard and corn

Major Holidays - describe the characteristics of each of the following: June Parties

- Catholic celebration of the harvest of Brazil • Bonfires, food, music, and dancing - Individuals dress up in farm outfits

Describe the following foods from South Africa: Chutney, The Gatsby Sandwich & Bunny Chow

- Chutney: spicy fruit or vegetable relishes - The Gatsby Sandwich: sandwich roll, bologna slices, french fries, lettuce, ketchup, hot piri-piri sauce (popular in Cape Town, South Africa) - Bunny Chow: Hollow white bread filled with curry, animal proteins, kidney beans, and vegetables (common in Durban, South Africa)

Meal Composition and Cycle: Number of meals/day, Describe characteristics of each meal & What is tiffin?

- Coffee or tea in the morning - Breakfast from 9 - 11 AM - Meal at 4 - 5 PM - Main Meal is consumed in the evening, around 7 - 9 PM - Meals are eaten using the hands - Tiffin: Snack time

Name the minor religions and describe their characteristics: Spiritism

- Combines Christian precepts with scientific principles - Popular with Brazil's middle class - Followers communicate with the dead through spiritual mediums

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: How is fufu made?

- Common Preparation Methods: Boiling of starchy vegetables - Example: Fufu (from potatoes)

Name the minor religions and describe their characteristics: Umbanda

- Commonly practiced in rural areas and by low-income residents in urban areas - Combines several Afro-Brazilian faiths with spiritism and the idea of Christian charity

Describe Korean family structure

- Confucianism influenced family structure regardless of religion - highly valued - loyalty to family is more important than the individual wants or needs - male - head of the household (or eldest son) - oldest children - more privileges (education)

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What are common behaviors completed for maintaining health?

- Consumption of 3 meals per day, especially a hot breakfast - Cod liver oil taken to prevent colds - Vicks VapoRub ingested for colds - Copper or silver bracelet is worn for protection - Harm will occur when removed - If the skin darkens around the bracelet, illness is looming

What are the typical foods that are part of a Soul Food meal?

- Cuisines that African slaves prepared in the Deep South during slavery - Slaves relied on food resources that were available on the plantation: Vegetables & Meats available from the owner (ie. Pigs feet and beef tongue) - Preparation of foods were inspired by African cooking traditions (hot red peppers, black peppers, vinegar, salt, black pepper, paprika)

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: What ingredients are in kanya?

- Desserts: Kanya (peanut candy)

What is the purpose of the internment camps?

- Discrimination was common for the Japanese - 1913: Land ownership was illegal in California - 1924: Japanese Exclusion Act - Immigration to the U.S. was prohibited - World War II: Placement in relocation camps under Executive Order 9066 in 1941 - Discriminatory laws were repealed after WWII, most Japanese resettled in California and Hawaii

Describe the family structure characteristics in Brazil

- Families are predominantly patriarchal - Extended family members typically live close to one another - Daily visits are common - Relatives mentor children through rites of passage such as confirmation, graduation, the start of a career and marriage

What is sharecropping?

- Farming system in which freed slaves worked for a landowner who assigned them land and other resources such as farming equipment, seeds, shelter, and clothing

Major Holidays - describe the characteristics of each of the following: Carnival

- Festivities, parties, and traditional fare - Celebration with parties three days before Lent

Describe the following foods from North Africa: Bastilla

- Flaky-crusted pigeon pie with ginger, cumin, cayenne, saffron, cinnamon, and confectionary sugar

Special Occasions in Japan: What does New Year's involve?

- Food is prepared ahead of time prior to the seven day event - Cleaning the house completely - Taking care of debt - Consumption of mochi - Ozoni: • Soup with mochi, vegetables, fish cakes, chicken or eggs

What is the European country that occupied Cambodia?

- France

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: Protein Based Foods

- Fresh fish and shellfish usually consumed raw - Beef, pork, poultry - Kobe Beef: - Derived from a cattle fed beer and massaged to relieve stress - Expensive

Afro-Brazilian Fare: Describe the ingredients in fritters

- Fritters from dried shrimp, dried salted cod, yams, black-eyed peas, mashed beans, peanuts, and ripe plantains fried in dende oil

Nutritional Status: What food groups were lacking in the diets of Asian Indians?

- Fruits, dairy, meats, poultry, and fish were lacking in the diet

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: Ackee apples

- Fruits: ackee apples

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: Congo and Angola - Cassava and Plantains

- Grain staple food - Cassava and plantains

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: Sierra Leone - corn, rice, millet

- Grain staple food - Corn, millet, rice

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: Nigeria - yams

- Grain staple food - yams

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: Tea

- Green tea Japanese Tea Ceremony - Chanoyu or kasiseki - Matcha tea - Search for harmony with nature and within one's self

Brazil Foods: What is the churrasco method used for in Brazil?

- Grilled Meats - Slow cooked using the churrasco method (slow cooked over fire) - Served with salads, potatoes, rice and beans, condiments, and desserts - Common in Southern Brazil

Describe the following Brazilian Beverages: Guarana, Cachaca & Capirinhas

- Guaraná: Carbonated soft drink made made from the seeds of guarana fruit (Contains caffeine) - Cachaça: Distilled spirit made from sugarcane - Capirinhas: Cachaça with lime juice, sugar, mint served over ice

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What is an example of a common remedy that is used for treatment?

- Herbal teas are a common remedy that is used for treatments

Major Religion in India

- Hinduism

Describe the family structure characteristics in India

- Husband is the head of household - Wife works in the home, especially with food preparation - Children are required to show respect to elders - Arranged marriages are common

Public Health Issues: What were prior health issues in Cambodia?

- Infant and Children - Mortality Rates - Immunization Child - Feeding Practices - Clean Water - HIV/AIDS

Describe the immigration patterns of the Japanese

- Initial immigration took place during the 1890s, consisting of young educated men from southern Japan - Sought economic opportunities - U.S. Settlement: West Coast and Hawaii - Jobs (Canneries, railroads, gardening) - Japanese women came to the U.S. because of arranged marriages

Reasons for Korean Immigration to the United States

- Initially restricted due to the isolationist policies of Korea - Before 1900: Protestants escaping discrimination and furthering their education - 1903-1905: More than 7000 Korean men, women, and children were recruited to work in the Hawaiian sugarcane fields by Christian missionaries - 1907: Korean immigration limited due to U.S. agreement with Japan - 1924: Japanese Exclusion Act applied to Koreans - 1965: Relaxation of U.S. Immigration Laws From 1959-1971 - Immigrants were the wives and children of U.S. soldiers fighting in the Korean War - General: - economic opportunities - avoiding political conflict

Name examples of minor religions followed in India

- Islam - Buddhism - Jainism (branch of Hinduism; strict vegetarians)

Immigration Classification based on generations: Issei, Nisei, Sansei & Yonsei

- Issei: 1st Generation Immigrants, born in Japan - Nisei: 2nd Generation Japanese Americans - Sansei: 3rd Generation Japanese Americans - Yonsei: 4th Generation Japanese Americans

Describe the following Italian desserts - gelato

- Italian ice cream or frozen dessert - contains less fat and more milk compared to American ice cream

Describe the following Italian desserts - maritozzi

- Italian sweet bread in Rome - bread and whipped cream

Immigration patterns - Areas of Italy where Italians came from between 1880 to 1920

- Italians immigrated to the U.S. from poorer sections of southern Italy and parts of Sicily and later settled in large northeastern cities between 1880 and 1920 - faced discrimination and hostility

Nutrition Status: The Japanese are more at risk for developing osteoporosis and lactose intolerance

- Japanese American Elders: - Osteoporosis - High prevalence of lactose intolerance - The body has limited amount of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down milk sugar

Nutrition Status: Nutrient content of a typical Japanese diet

- Japanese Diet: High in carbohydrates, low in fat and cholesterol - Japanese American Diet: More westernized - Cancer risk: Colon, breast, prostate - Increased progression of atherosclerosis

Special Occasions: Juneteenth

- June 19th, 1865 - Galveston, Texas - Recognizes the emancipation of slaves

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: For many young Japanese workers, what does stress induced illness and work related fatigue leads to?

- Karoshi: Death from fatigue, long work hours - Long work hours may be associated with: - Higher Stress - Lower quality of life - Poorer Lifestyle (ie. Sleep) - Stress-Induced Illness and Work-Related Fatigue - Can lead to suicides (koroshi) - Herbs, teas, and spas are utilized by the Japanese to relieve stress

Cambodian Holidays: Describe how Cambodian New Year is celebrated

- Khmer New Year (Chaul Chhnam Thmey) in mid-April - People attend the temple and pray - Celebrations with food, drink, games, and dance performances

Therapeutic uses of food: What are health promoting foods used as Korea?

- Kimichi - Broiled seaweed

Describe the following foods from Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: Kitumbua, Mandazi, Chapatis & Ugali

- Kitumbua - Mandazi - Chapatis - Ugali

Examples of traditional foods: Kochujang & Bulgogi

- Kochujang: red pepper paste - Bulgogi: thin slices of sirloin or other prime cuts of beef

Special Occasions: Kwanzaa

- Kwanzaa (December 26th to January 1st) - Created in California in 1966 - A candle is lit each day to symbolize 1 of 7 principles - Dishes from Africa, the Caribbean, and the southern United States are prepared

What are the family structure characteristics in Cambodia?

- Large, extended family - Males considered the authoritative figure - Elders are highly valued - Children are required to demonstrate good behavior.

Recognize the following foods from West Africa: What is jollof rice?

- Layers of meat, tomatoes, vegetables, and steamed rice

How did the internment camps have an impact on the health status amongst Japanese Americans in the camp?

- Limited health care and resources - Post-traumatic stress and higher rates of cardiovascular disease was common for those who stayed in the camp

Cambodian Immigration Trends

- Major Settlements of Cambodians in the United States: Long Beach, California & Lowell, MA

Nutritional Status of Pakistanis: Describe the impact of droughts on nutritional status

- Malnutrition has been noted in some regions of Pakistan where droughts limit food supply

Meal patterns - typical Italian breakfast

- Mediterranean-Diet Influenced - coffee with milk, tea, or breakfast drink

Risotto all Milanese - what is in the dish?

- Milanese style risotto - saffron - flavored rice

Describe the following foods from North Africa: Tagine

- Moroccan stew prepared in a round pottery bowl with a conical lid

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What do Brazilians associate faith with?

- Most Brazilians associate faith with health - Catholics may believe in fate and seek intervention from patron saints when ill

Brazil Foods: Describe Feijoada Completa and why do Brazilians usually have oranges with the meal?

- National Dish of Brazil - Originated in Rio de Janeiro - Smoked meats, sausage, bacon, beans, rice, hot sauces, lime juice, cassava meal, and oranges - Ties to slavery in the country - Saturday or Sunday food - Siesta usually follows

Describe each of the following Cambodian foods below: Nom ban chok, Lok lak, Bor bor, Pra hok, Caramelized Pork Stew with Hardboiled Eggs, Noodle Salad & Khu Thiev

- Nom ban chok (Khmer Noodles) - Lok lak (Stir fry beef with vegetables) - Bor Bor (Rice Porridge) - Pra hok (Fish/anchovy paste) - Caramelized Pork Stew with Hardboiled Eggs - Noodle Salad - Khu Thiev (Pho)

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: Seaweed and Algae

- Nori: Paper thin sheet of algae used for sushi

Immigration patterns - Where Northern Italians initially settled?

- Northern Italians settled in the West Coast during the Gold Rush

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: describe voodoo practices

- Originated in the Caribbean, practiced in the South, includes African and Catholic beliefs - Influenced by European witchcraft - Cure illness via spells, magic powders, stones, and herbs

Nutritional Status of Pakistanis: In what areas of Pakistan was overconsumption of calories common?

- Overconsumption is more of a concern for Pakistanis living in urban areas and in Westernized nations

Nutritional Status of Pakistanis: What were the findings reported about diabetes experienced by Pakistani men?

- Pakistani men were found to have higher rates of diabetes than Asian Indian men

Afro-Brazilian Fare: Describe the ingredients in vatapa

- Paste made with smoke dried shrimp, peanuts, cashews, coconut milk, and malagueta chiles - Used as a filling for black-bean fritters = Sometimes served with rice as an entrée

Describe the family structure characteristics in Pakistan

- Patriarchal - Religion dominates family life - Women usually remain in the home except for certain activities - If females are outside of the home, a male relative should accompany women - Arranged marriages are common

Special Occasions: Child-naming ceremonies in Nigeria

- Performed by the grandmother, who offers symbolic foods to the infant

Nutritional Status: What is pica?

- Pica is the practice of eating nonnutritive substances including clay, chalk, and laundry starch - Prior research has found that pica is most often practiced among black women during pregnancy and the postpartum period - Regional Differences: Rural: Clay & Urban: Laundry Starch - Possible Causes: Need for minerals, hunger or nausea, need for special treatment, cultural treatment

Public Health Issues: How did the dietary behaviors change among Cambodian women after they acculturated to the United States?

- Poor Mental health status - High rates of chronic disease - Food Insecurity

Brazil Foods: What cultures influenced Brazil foods?

- Portuguese, African, and Native Influenced

Nutritional Status: What is sickle cell anemia?

- Red blood cells are sickleshaped due to the genetic alteration of the protein hemoglobin

Identify the following as staple foods of Korea: Rice, Noodles (Wheat, Buckwheat, Mung beans, Sweet potato), Vegetables (Chinese cabbage, Kimchi), Fish and shellfish & Firepot

- Rice - Noodles (Wheat, Buckwheat, Mung beans, Sweet potato) - Vegetables (Chinese cabbage, Kimchi) - Fish and shellfish - Firepot (similar to Mongolian Hot Pot)

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: Use of short grain rice

- Rice (gohon)

Brazil Foods: What is pirao?

- Rice or cornmeal porridge - Side dish - Middle Easterners who immigrated to the southeastern Brazil adapted couscous in pirão

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: What is su?

- Rice with rice vinegar (su) - Used for sushi

Majority religion followed in Brazil

- Roman Catholic

Special occasions - foods served on Christmas Eve in Italian American households

- Seven Seafood Dishes (Fishes) - Southern Italian immigrants - Panettone

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: Purity and pollution

- Shinto concepts of purity and pollution

Major religion followed in Japan

- Shintoism - Buddhism

What are typical foods that are part of the slave diet?

- Slave traders provided West Africans with their traditional foods for the tribal members: Teff & Dried salted cod - Once in the United States, the slaves were given foods that were provided by the plantation owner: Salted pork and corn, Rice, Salted fish, Molasses, Greens, Legumes, Milk & Sweet Potatoes

Slave Trade of Africa - why were slaves brought to the Caribbean, Brazil, and the United States?

- Slaves from Africa were brought to the Caribbean, Brazil, parts of Asia, and the United States to work in the sugar cane fields

Purpose of the slave trade in Brazil

- Slaves from Africa were brought to the Caribbean, Brazil, parts of Asia, and the United States to work in the sugar cane fields - Slavery occurred in Brazil, people enslaved from Africa brought foods such as dendê oil (palm oil) and okra

Special Occasions in Japan: Birthday years associated with bad luck (ie. Men - age 42, women - age 33)

- Some birthdays are considered bad luck ("yakudoshi") - Man turning 42 - Women turning 33

Describe the following foods from North Africa: Harira

- Soup with legumes, meat, vegetables, with spices, and lemon - Common dinner during Ramadan

Traditional Food Habits-Describe the following Staple Foods: Soybeans

- Soybeans and tofu

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: What do Spiritist followers use for treatments?

- Spiritists employ homeopathy, exorcism, or other alternative treatments

Recognize the foods from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and Sudan: Name the staple foods from this region

- Staple foods: teff, sorghum, plantains & coffee

Bordering countries of Cambodia

- Thailand - Laos - Vietnam

What country occupied Brazil previously?

- The Portuguese arrived in the 16th century and sought land to cultivate sugarcane

Characteristics of the Caste System in India: Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas & Sudras

- The traditional caste system influences the social structure of many Asian Indian groups - The caste system defines the individual's role in society - Caste categories are hereditary - Brahmans: priests - Kshatriyas: soldiers - Vaisyas: merchants of farmers - Sudras: artisans and labourers

What are tandoor ovens used for in India?

- Thick-walled, deep-jar shaped clay ovens used for roasting meats and baking naan

Meal Composition and Cycle - Characteristics and number of meals consumed in the following regions: East Africa

- Three meals per day

How did meal patterns differ by socioeconomic status?

- Three meals per day are common among the middle -class and affluent populations - Low -income populations usually reside in rural areas and are often limited to an early breakfast and large dinner around 6:00 pm (stew and side dish of potatoes)

Nutritional Status: What factors were associated with lower body mass index (BMI) among Brazilians?

- Traditional diets low in calorie density and high in fiber were associated with lower Body Mass Index (BMI) -

What are the gender roles like related to meal intake?

- Traditionally, women prepared meals and served them to men. Women could eat when men finished their food

Meal Composition and Cycle - Characteristics and number of meals consumed in the following regions: West Africa

- Two meals per day - Late morning and evening - Men were served first, then boys, followed by girls and women - Snacking was common

Describe the characteristics of the meal composition and cycle in Pakistan

- Two meals/day: Lunch and dinner - Lunch and dinner meals include meat, poultry, or fish - Flat breads and teas are served with the meal - Dessert follows the meal

Therapeutic uses of food: Describe um and yang

- Um: cold foods (fruits, vegetables) - Yang: warm foods (meats, chiles, spices)

Immigration Patterns of India

- Upper socioeconomic classes - Fluent in English - Familiar with American customs - Asian Indians: - Major settlements in California, New York, and New Jersey

Immigration Patterns of Pakistan

- Upper socioeconomic classes - Fluent in English - Familiar with American customs - Major settlements in New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles

Etiquette

- Use of chopsticks is common - Dining tables are low

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices: what is the purpose of the root doctor in African cultures?

- Uses home remedies or charms to remove evil

Describe the following foods from North Africa: Mezze

- Various dishes served in small amounts

Describe the following Ethiopian foods: Wat, Berbere, Injera, Yatalete Kilkil & Yemiser Selatta

- Wat: national dish of Ethiopia - Berbere: Ethiopian seasoning - Injera: Ethiopian flat bread - Yatalete Kilkil: casserole - Yemiser selatta: lentil salad

Nutritional Status: What factors were associated with higher body mass index (BMI) among Brazilians?

- Westernized diets with foods high in added fats (butter, margarine, and fried snacks) and sugars (soft drinks) were associated with higher Body Mass Index (BMI)

Brazil Foods: What are examples of common foods?

- Yucca - Açaí Berry - Rice and Beans - Tapioca - Breads (Pão)

Italy's food guidance - what the overall aims?

- aims to improve the nutritional quality, safety, and sustainability of the Italian population's diet - covers recommendations from infants to older adults - recommendations are also provided for athletes, those at risk for obesity and chronic disease

Italy's food guidance - what does it promote?

- balance - foods to increase (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes) - foods to decrease (sugar, alcohol, fat) - sustainable diets

Describe the characteristics of the following foods from Florence - bistecca alla fioretina

- bistecca alla fiorentina (beef steak with finely chopped spinach)

Traditional health beliefs and practices - name factors that may contribute to illnesses

- contamination through an unclean or sick person - heredity - drafts, as surgery may be avoided not to expose organs to air - suppression of emotions - supernatural causes - evil eye

Italian family structure - characteristics of Southern Italian families

- families in Southern Italy were self-reliant and distrusted outsiders - each member was to maintain the family honor and fulfill responsibilities to the family

Describe the characteristics of the following foods from Florence - florentine beef steak

- florentine beef steak (bistecca) - tender, dry-aged beef from the Chianina cattle

Therapeutic uses of food: Good appetite is seen as a sign of good health

- good appetite - sign of good health

What is apertivo hour in Italy?

- happy hour - 5:00 or 6:00 PM in Italy - restaurants serve drinks and snacks

Feast in San Gennaro - what does the celebration entail?

- honors the patron saint and protector of Naples, San Gennaro - celebrated each September in New York City's Little Italy for 11 days

What do the dinner meals entail?

- lighter compared to lunch - wine also served

What is a coperto charge in Italy?

- many restaurants have a cover charge (coperto) for seating, sparkling water, and/or bread - tipping is not common

What does Korean barbecue entail?

- method of cooking cuts of marinated meats

What is usually served with salads in Italy's restaurants?

- olive oil or balsamic vinegar of Modena - rocket salad on restaruant menus (salad with arugula greens)

Describe the Mediterranean diet and how it benefits health

- plant-based - associated with disease prevention

Traditional health beliefs and practices - strategies for preventing illnesses

- praying to Saints - use of good luck charms - practices of a maghi (witch)

Cuttlefish description

- similar to squid - generates black ink in dishes

Characteristics of Napoli-Style Pizza

- thin crust pizza with buffalo mozzarella cheese - bottom tends to be charred

Describe the meal composition and cycle in Korea

- three small meals/day - common utensils: chopsticks and soup spoons - elders served first, children served last - food passed with the right hand

Describe the following Italian desserts - panna cotta

- translates to "cooked cream" - heavy cream with gelatin and vanilla extract served with fruit based sauce (berries)

What types of crops are grown in Tuscany?

- wheat - olives - olive oil - grapes - wine - mushrooms

What is hanyak? What is hanui?

Hanyak: - traditional approach to natural cures in Korea Hanui: practices hanyak - medical history and makes observations of the patient - listens to the quality of the voice - takes the patients pulse - mix of integrative and biomedicine for treatments

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: Health maintenance

Health Maintenance achieved by: - Cleanliness - Avoiding contaminated substances - Blood, skin infections, corpses - Usage of botanical remedies

Major religion followed

Islam

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: Purpose of cat cafes in Japan versus the United States

Japan: - Intended for animal fans who cannot have pets in their apartments - Relaxation - Stress reduction - Tourist Attractions

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: Purpose of the Kanpo-i

Kanpo-i: Herbal Practitioners - Examine symptoms carefully and in detail to determine the best therapy combinations - Prescribe natural medications to enhance the immune system

Traditional Health Beliefs and Practices - Describe the following: Use of kanpos

Kanpo: Herbs initially available to the wealthy - Now available to everyone - Reimbursed under health insurance

Describe the following Italian desserts - sicilain canoli

Sicilian cannolis have darker shells