NUT510

A polypeptide contains more than _____ amino acids.

10

How many kilocalories are in a meal that has 20 grams of fat, 15 grams of protein, and 60 grams of carbohydrate?

480

Your body is about _____% water.

50-65%

Infants' nutrient needs are determined by:

analysis of breast milk composition

Which of the following statements is true?

dietary copper inhibits molybdenum absorption

A healthy newborn can consume about __ of breast milk or formula in one feeding.

1 to 2 fluid ounces

The instrument used to measure the energy content of food is a:

bomb calorimeter

__ occurs in mitochondria

energy generation

Phytochemicals are considered nutrients.

false

The RDA for sodium is 500-1000 milligrams a day.

false

Selenium is a component of:

glutathione peroxidases

Allergens in foods do not generally cause:

hair loss

Chylomicrons are formed in the:

intestinal tract

Blood plasma can be referred to as _____ fluid.

intravascular

High protein intakes can be harmful for people with:

kidney disease

Riboflavin is very unstable when exposed to:

light

ATP releases energy when the ___ bonds are broken

phosphate

Calcium and __ are mineral nutrients that strengthen bones.

phosphorous

The process that maintains normal concentrations of chloride ions in arterial and venous blood cells is called the chloride:

shift

Which of the following statements is true?

the DASH diet is recommended to reduce hypertension

Which of the following claims may not be placed on a supplement label?

this product prevents osteoporosis

Ben's triglyceride level is __ mg/dL, which is normal.

100

The minimum safe internal temperature for cooked beef is:

160 degrees F

Which of the following groups of people has the highest vitamin K recommendation?

25 year old men

Which of the following population groups have a higher than average risk of hypertension?

Americans with African ancestry

Which statement is false?

Compared to cow's milk, human milk contains a greater proportion of energy from protein

The US government agencies responsible for the safety of pesticides in the food supply are the:

Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency

Plaque build up begins when excess lipid particles collect beneath the cells that line an artery called __ cells.

endothelial

Anions are electrolytes that always have a positive charge.

false

Consumer protection groups suggest that people decrease their intake of fruits because of pesticide contamination:

false

Direct additives are substances that unintentionally become part of the food in tiny amounts.

false

Glycolysis is an aerobic process.

false

The key to stimulating muscle growth is eating more protein.

false

Vitamin B12 plays a critical role in collagen synthesis.

false

__ are low-income areas where residents lack access to a supermarket or large grocery store to buy the affordable foods that make up a healthy diet.

food deserts

Which statement is true?

heating oils to the smoking point destroys some vitamin E

Vitamin K toxicity can cause:

hemolytic anemia

What is the main advantage for introducing one new food at a time to an infant?

it will be easier to identify foods that cause allergic reactions

Diets rich in animal protein have been associated with an increased risk of which of the following conditions EXCEPT:

low blood pressure

Which layer of the digestive system contains the glands that secrete digestive juices?

mucosa

An essential nutrient is a chemical that:

must be consumed in the diet because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantity.

Iron is a component of:

myoglobin and hemoglobin: A and B are correct

Which of the following is an example of a clinical observation for nutritional assessment:

noticing cracks at the corners of the mouth

The Mediterranean diet pattern contains __ oil, which lowers total and LDL cholesterol levels when it replaces saturated fats.

olive

Cells can use __ from the citric acid cycle to make glucose or certain amino acids.

oxaloacetate

Most cases of foodborne illness are caused by all of the following microbes except:

shigella

__ is an inorganic nutrient.

sodium

Which meal contains the most beta-carotene?

spinach quiche, green salad, cantaloupe

Critics cite all of the following as problems with organic farming except:

there is no demand for organic products

A deficiency of __ causes beriberi.

thiamin

Honey contains botulism that can be fatal to infants:

true

Infants who are breastfed may have a lower risk of developing __than infants who are not breastfed.

type 1 diabetes

Cases of essential hypertension are caused by:

unknown factors

Which of the following statements is true:

very low fat diets are not recommended during pregnancy

vegan diets tend to be low in

vitamin B12

Which statement on the front cover of a self help diet book most likely indicates that the book provides a moderate common sense approach to weight management?

your best chance for sustainable weight reduction: a systematic approach to a healthy eating lifestyle

Malabsorption of zinc is associated with:

Crohn's disease

To prevent foodborne illnesses, restaurants and grocery stores should follow __ guidelines.

HAACP

The signs and symptoms of low dose manganese toxicity are similar to those of:

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following situations describes the obesogenic environment most accurately?

The environment in which many of us live that promotes overconsumption of calories while at the same time discouraging physical activity

The ____ are the maximum levels of daily nutrient intakes that are unlikely to pose health risks to almost all individuals in the group for whom they are designed.

Tolerable upper intake levels

The government agency that must certify an organic product is the:

US department of Agriculture

Which nation produces more than two thirds of the worlds genetically engineered crops?

United States

Toxic accumulations of copper in the liver, brain, and kidney are signs of:

Wilson's disease

Which is not a responsibility of the FDA?

Withdrawal of contaminated meat and poultry from the food supply

The primary role of B vitamins in the body is to:

act as coenzymes or a part of coenzymes

In the United States, _____ and limited food consumption are associated with thiamin deficiency.

alcohol consumption

A high-quality protein:

all of the above

Private counselors who have the necessary training to support weight management efforts are:

all of the above

Regulation of the body's iron concentration is influenced by:

all of the above

Which body process is included in total energy expenditure measurements?

all of the above

Which is a role of proteins as additives in foods?

all of the above

Which of the following factors influences the density of a person's lean body mass?

all of the above

Which of the following foods is a source of water?

all of the above

Why does a diet rich in fiber promote healthy body weight?

all of the above

Which of the four tocopherols (forms of vitamin E) is active in the body.

alpha tocopherol

In addition to identifying the amount of energy per serving, the Nutrition Facts label must list:

amount of energy (calories) from fat.

Salt may be added to food for taste or as an:

an antimicrobial

Salt is:

an example of an inorganic substance

A weight gain of 35 or 40 pounds during pregnancy is appropriate for:

an underweight woman and a woman who is pregnant with twins (both B and C)

It takes a longer time to heat apple juice than a piece of apple pie because:

apple juice has a greater heat capacity

Which of the following is an organic nutrient?

ascorbic acid

Which vitamin does not function as a coenzyme of part of a coenzymes?

ascorbic acid

A chief cause of foodborne illness is:

bacteria

What food would be the best protein complement to pasta in a meal?

black beans

The first sign or symptom of a vitamin C deficiency is:

bleeding gums

After the body absorbs fluoride, it distributes the mineral in:

bones and teeth

Adequate Intakes (AIs) for infants are often determined on the amount of nutrients in:

breast milk

In maintaining proper acid base balance, proteins act as:

buffers

Which statement about water soluble vitamins is true?

by eating a variety of healthful foods, most healthy people can meet their needs for water soluble vitamins.

Amino acids contain the following elements except:

calcium

For healthy eating, you should balance your:

calorie intake and energy expenditure

__ is the second leading cause of death in the US and Canada.

cancer

An essential amino acid is one that

cannot be made by the body

The oxidation of iron for incorporation into transferrin requires the presence of:

ceruloplasmin

Protein energy malnutrition is most common in:

children

The Food Quality Protection Act in 1996 includes provisions to protect:

children

What happens as a result of fat entering the small intestine?

cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced

Proper functioning of the pyloric sphincter is most important when:

chyme needs to be released into the small intestine

Which is not a sign or symptom of dehydration?

colorless urine

The following are recommended ways for dealing with morning sickness except:

consume a cup of herbal tea an hour before meals

Synthesis of myelin sheath requires:

copper

Vitamin A promotes vision through its effects on the

cornea and retina (a and c)

__ products are intended to supplement the diet but do not represent themselves as a conventional food, meal, or diet.

dietary supplements

Evaluating a protein using the PDCAAS takes into account the chemical score and the amount that's:

digested

In the body, eicosanoids are not involved in:

digesting proteins

Which strategy can help someone gain weight?

eat small, frequent meals that contain energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods

The DASH combination diet recommends which of the following practices?

eating 10 servings of fruits and vegetables a day.

__ is recommended to reduce the symptoms of diverticulosis and prevent the complications of diverticulitis.

eating a high fiber diet

Which of the following has the function of accelerating the rate of chemical reactions but are not altered in the process?

enzymes

An electrolyte solution always contains:

equal numbers of cations and anions

A retinol equivalent is the amount of a particular form of vitamin A that is:

equol to the activity of one microgram of retinol

High levels of homocysteine may contribute to heart disease by promoting:

excessive blood clotting

High HDL levels are associated with:

extremely low rates of heart disease and stroke

A lactating woman continues to have the same iron needs she had when she was pregnant.

false

Carnitine carries fatty acids across the cell membrane so they can be oxidized in the cytosol.

false

Glycolysis changes one glucose molecule into three pyruvate molecules to yield ATP.

false

In the US about 30% of infants are breastfed initially after birth.

false

In the US accidental copper overdose is the leading cause of poisoning deaths in children under 6 years of age.

false

In the large intestine, villi help ease the process of elimination.

false

Manganese deficiency is a major health problem in the world.

false

Pantothenic acid deficiency is widespread in the US and Canada:

false

Pentoses are essential nutrients:

false

Protein efficiency ration (PER) does not take into account the digestibility of a protein.

false

The primary storage form of iron in the body is:

ferritin

Which vitamin can help reduce elevated homocysteine levels?

folate

Which of the following statements is an allowed health claim on a food label?

foods rich in soy protein as part of a low-fat diet may help reduce the risk of heart disease

Short-lived, highly reactive chemicals which can have detrimental effects on cells. Which of the following is a form of complementary medicine?

free radical

In the body, calcium plays important roles in all the following except:

free radical formation

The best sources of vitamin C are:

fresh fruits and vegetables

__ are major dietary sources of potassium.

fresh fruits and vegetables

During pregnancy, maternal:

gastrointestinal motility slows

Fat burns in the flame of the carbohydrate means

glucose is the source for oxaloacetate that is needed to burn fat.

Which polysaccharide is found in the least amounts in the typical diet?

glycogen

Which is the correct order of glucose catabolism?

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

A person carrying excess fat on hips and thighs has _____ obesity.

gynoid

Which chemical is required to change pepsinogen into pepsin?

hydrochloric acid

Which nutrients are the most difficult to consume in sufficient amounts by healthy pregnant women who eat well balanced diets?

iron, folate

The __ remove excess water soluble vitamins from the bloodstream and excrete them.

kidneys

In chemical scoring for protein quality, _____ are used for the reference group.

limiting

The amino acid in a food protein that has the lowest chemical score is the __ amino acid.

limiting

Which substance is not carried by a lipoprotein?

lipoprotein lipase

Most cholesterol in the body is

manufactured by the liver

Which food contains the most complete protein per serving?

milk

Rich sources of phosphorous in the typical American's diet include:

milk, processed meats, and soft drinks

Sarah's LDL cholesterol level is 115 mg/dL, which is classified as:

near optimal/above optimal

Women who are considering getting pregnant are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of giving birth to infants with:

neural tube defects

When taken in megadoses, which nutrient has been effective in lowering serum LDL cholesterol levels?

niacin

Which of the following persons is most likely to develop a vitamin K deficiency

none of the above

The term moderation as part of menu planning means:

not having too much or too little of any one type of food in the diet

Studies support the idea that consuming __ from fish and fish oils protects against heart disease and its many complications?

omega 3 fatty acids

Which of the following is an overarching goal of Healthy People 2020?

promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages

Iron-containing enzymes are needed for all the following except:

protein synthesis from amino acids

Which food would be the best protein complement to rice in a meal?

red beans

What best describes the term balance as part of the menu planning process?

selecting a variety of foods at each meal

Which condition would increase a person's protein needs the most?

severe burn

Which of the following statements is false?

sodium is the major anion in intracellular fluid

A fatty meal is more likely to cause symptoms in people who have GERD because fat:

stays in the stomach for a long time and creates back pressure on the esophageal sphincter

Digestion of protein begins in the:

stomach

Which of the following conditions is not a complication of diabetes?

stomach cancer

Nutrients are:

substances that the body uses for energy and other functions

Sorbitol is often used to sweeten:

sugar-free breath mints

A serving of which food would be the best source of vitamin E?

sunflower seeds

Which of the following substances allows joints to move smoothly?

synovial fluid

Why do recommendations for vitamin D intake increase in later adulthood?

synthesis of this vitamin decreases with age

The molecule in the cytoplasm that carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis is:

tRNA

Why is it more difficult for the body to digest the carbohydrates in legumes than the carbohydrates in corn?

the body cannot break down some of the complex carbohydrates in legumes

Cyochromes are iron containing compounds needed for:

the electron transport chain

What is the advantage of using high-fructose corn syrup instead of granulated sugar to manufacture soft drinks?

the high-fructose corn syrup tastes sweeter and costs less to produce than sugar

Vitamin B6 coenzymes participate in all of the following physiological activities except:

transporting blood lipids

A diet supplying adequate energy from a variety of foods generally contains adequate amounts of thiamin.

true

A direct additive may be used to keep the food appetizing and wholesome.

true

A monoglyceride is a lipid consisting of a fatty acid linked to a glycerol molecule.

true

A trans fatty acid has a straighter carbon chain than cis fatty acid:

true

A woman's needs for most B vitamins increase during pregnancy.

true

Although lignins are a type of dietary fiber, they are not carbohydrates.

true

Cooking foods releases carotenoids, making them easier for the body to absorb them.

true

Fructose is also referred to as levulose:

true

Functional foods may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition:

true

High doses of vitamin supplements that contain fat-soluble vitamins A and D are more likely to be toxic than high doses of high-soluble vitamins.

true

Megadoses of vitamins A and E interfere with the actions of vitamin K.

true

Most protein digestion occurs in the small intestine:

true

Proteins are a major component of all animal and plant tissues:

true

The long-term effectiveness of gastric surgical procedures for weight loss depends on how patients control their eating?

true

There is less fluid in plasma than in the intracellular compartment.

true

Weigh gain during pregnancy is the best indicator of adequate energy intake.

true

A person taking Coumadin should maintain a consistent pattern of _____ intake.

vitamin K

High vitamin E supplementation is likely to interfere with the functioning of:

vitamin K

To reduce the risk of consuming pesticides in fruits, Consumers Union recommends:

washing and peeling fruits

Only a small amount of fluid is lost from the GI tract because

water is reabsorbed in the colon and small intestines

When do healthy infants need supplemental water?

when an infant is eating several servings of solid foods daily

A diet supplying adequate energy from a variety of foods generally contains adequate amounts of thiamin.

whole grain products

What is the RDA for sodium?

2,300 mg or less

Amber's glucose tolerance test indicated that she was not a diabetic. When tested, her fasting plasma glucose level was normal and measure __ mg/dL.

90

What is considered normal level of triglycerides?

<150 mg/dL

Which of the following vitamins is most likely to cause toxic effects when more than 150% of the recommended amount is taken for a long period of time?

A