Nutr 150 Exam 3

Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi, a deficiency seen in poor countries, but rarely in the U.S.? ~High intakes of white, refined rice ~High intake of corn based foods without lime treatment ~High intakes of unrefined rice ~Low intakes of food grown near the ocean

High intakes of white, refined rice

Which of the following describes an association of vitamin A and vision? ~Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration ~Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts. ~Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid. ~Retinoic acid is the form bound to rhodopsin in the membrane of the retina. ~A and D are both true.

Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration

Which of the following describes an event in the visual response process? ~Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal. ~Light energy strikes the cornea and excites pigments to release retinoic acid. ~Visual pigments deep in the brain are excited by light transmitted through the retina. ~Epithelial cells on the surface of the eye respond to light energy by transmitting opsin molecules along nerve pathways to the brain.

Light energy strikes the retina and excites pigments to release retinal.

In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active? ~Liver only ~Kidney only ~Liver and kidney ~Liver and intestines

Liver and kidney

Which of the following functions is shared by beta-carotene and vitamin E? ~Inhibition of oxidation ~Prevention of keratinization ~Inhibition of bone calcium loss ~Prevention of hemolytic anemia

Inhibition of oxidation

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency? ~Orally taken antibiotic therapy. ~viral infection. ~Presence of oxalic acid in food. ~Insufficient intake of protein.

Orally taken antibiotic therapy.

Which of the following vitamins is involved substantially in energy metabolism, that is, ATP production?~Ascorbic acid ~Cobalamin ~Riboflavin ~Pyridoxine ~Folate

Riboflavin

Why are elders at risk for marginal vitamin D deficiency?

With aging, adults decrease their abilities to convert vitamin D to the hormone form. & Elders typically drink little milk.

For a healthy eating plan for weight loss, Chapter 9 advises "watch for other empty kcalories." What are these "other kcalories?

alcoholic beverages

Which of the following is a side effect of large amounts of vitamin C supplementation? ~giving false positive diabetes tests ~giving false negative diabetes test ~acting as a prooxidant in the body ~all of the above

all of the above

What is the most likely explanation for the impaired functioning of the GI tract resulting from folate deficiency?

Since folate functions, in large part, in the process of cell division, a deficiency slows intestinal cell replacement, thereby resulting in decreased GI functioning.

Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice? ~Skin yellowing ~Xerophthalmia ~results in permanent blindness because of damage to the cornea.

Skin yellowing & Xeropthalmia

The health risks and physiological limitations for being an underweight woman (as defined by the CDC) includes: ~difficulty keeping warm ~decreased ability to conceive a child ~increased risk for osteoporosis ~A and C are both true, but not B. ~A,B, and C are all true.

A,B, and C are all true.

Sonia wants to lose weight so she is looking for a drug that will inactivate her leptin system so it is less responsive.

increase her blood levels of cholecystokinin

A weakness of the Wheat Belly diet is that it

is too restrictive and may limit B vitamins, calcium and vitamin D.

The major target organs for the action of activated vitamin D include all of the following except the..

liver

Which of the following foods would be a richest source of preformed vitamin A, that is, the retinoids? ~milk ~tunafish ~spinach ~whole wheat bread ~tomatoes

milk

Which of the following would provide the most folate? ~tuna ~egg ~squash ~milk ~orange juice

orange juice

Which vitamin is part of the structure of coenzyme A (ie. of acetyl CoA)?

pantothenic acid

While researching your southern family history, you find that your grandmother had a sister who died fairly young. The symptoms leading up to her death included diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Because the family led a poor, corn-farming existence, you suspect this relative died of...

pellagra

Bob's grandmother has come to you for advice since she knows you are taking a class in nutrition. Grandma Mary has a good appetite and eats from all of the food groups, but has developed a form of anemia. Mary has denture problems, so eats very little meat. She also complains of heartburn-like symptoms. Mary most likely has

pernicious anemia and probably problems with vitamin B12 malabsorption.

Who is at risk for hemolytic anemia, ie. which vitamin E can help?

premature infants

A general niacin deficiency is known to be manifested in abnormalities of all of the following organs/systems EXCEPT what? ~gastrointestinal tract ~nervous system ~skeletal ~skin

skeletal

Which best describes a coenzyme?

small, organic molecule

Which best describes a coenzyme? ~small, organic molecule ~a protein ~a phospholipid ~always has a phosphate group for activity

small, organic molecule & always has a phosphate group for activity

Which of the following have had NO reports of toxicity symptoms?~riboflavin and niacin ~thiamin and cobalamin ~vitamin C and vitamin B6 ~niacin and folate

thiamin and cobalamin

Italian white bread is fortified with all of the following EXCEPT: ~niacin ~vitamin B6 ~thiamin ~folic acid ~riboflavin

vitamin B6

A deficiency of which vitamin(s) can result in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood?

vitamin B6 & folate

Which of the following vitamins are found in foods across most food groups and thus deficiency is extremely rare?

vitamin B6 and pantothenic acid

Free radicals are

~reduced in the presence of vitamin E. ~produced during normal metabolism when oxygen is needed. ~good in small amounts for killing bacteria in the body.

For the estimation of physiological fuel values, data which is needed includes:

~the digestibility of the nutrient. ~the kcalories estimated from a Bomb calorimeter. ~the nitrogen content of the nutrient.

The thermic effort of food is highest for which of the following? ~ 100 kcalories of butter ~100 kcalories of soda ~100 kcalories of tuna ~ They would have the same amount.

100 kcalroes of tuna

A banana is composed of 1 gram of protein, 27 grams of carbohydrate, and 0 g of fat. How many kcalories are in this banana?

112

The UL for vitamin C is ______ , whereas, the amount you might be eating everyday is _______ .

2,000 mg/day; 100 mg/day

Sonja is a 34 year old female who is 5'7" tall and weighs 185 pounds. What would be Sonja's BMI?

29

Fred just consumed a tuna sandwich and a glass of milk which contains 180 mg of tryptophan. Fred has the capacity to make ____ mg of _______ from this meal.

3 mg; niacin

What waist circumference for women is linked with increased risk for chronic diseases?

> 35 inches

It is July and we've been having sunny weather in State College. You are watching your friend's soccer matches wearing a short sleeve shirt and light weight long pants. You tend to go watch 2-3 times per week. How long will it take a fair skinned individual to meet his/her vitamin D needs?

5-10 minutes for each match

In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing ____ of initial body weight is 6 months, according to health experts.

5-10%

For adults, what is a reasonable reduction in kcals/day (either from food or exercise) to lose about 1 pound per week? Use the 3500 kcal rule.

500

Theoretically, how many kcalories do you have to remove from your diet (and/or expend extra through more exercise) EACH DAY to lose one pound of body fat in one week?

500

According to body mass index (BMI) values and CDC cutoff definitions, about what percent of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese (ie. combined)?

70

You gained three pounds of body fat int he past two weeks. Theoretically, how many extra kcalories have you eaten PER DAY to gain this much weight?

750

Sally is a typical college student. What fraction of her daily energy expenditure is represented by her basal metabolism?

About 2/3

Which of the following is NOT among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins? You Answered ~Can be stored in the liver and adipose tissue. ~Absorbed directly into the vascular (blood) system. ~Found in the fat and oily parts of foods. ~Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins.

Absorbed directly into the vascular (blood) system.

The most active form of vitamin E is

Alpha-tocopherol

As far as is known, vitamin A does NOT play an important role in which of the following processes? ~Blood clotting. ~Growth of bones and teeth. ~Synthesis of visual pigment. ~Maintaining mucous membranes. ~Gene regulation

Blood clotting

Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency? ~Bowed legs ~Rupture of red blood cells ~Frequent respiratory infections ~Abnormally high blood calcium level

Bowed legs

John is looking to increase his dietary sources of vitamin C. However, he expresses a strong dislike for all citrus fruits. Which of the following shopping lists would you recommend?

Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries

Among the following, which would be most satiating during a meal?

Chicken

Which of the following compounds serves as the precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?

Cholesterol

What is the major carrier of the fat-soluble vitamins from the intestinal epithelial cell to the circulation?

Chylomicrons

Which of the following provides the LEAST amount of precursor vitamin A? ~Corn ~Spinach ~Carrots ~Cantaloupe

Corn

Which of the following statements is TRUE about hormones that regulate food intake? ~The higher the leptin the higher the hunger sensation. ~Elevated gherlin triggers the desire to eat. ~ High levels of cholecystokinin in the blood will increase hunger and eating. ~Higher leptin causes a decrease in metabolic rate, thus increased fat storage.

Elevated gherlin triggers the desire to eat.

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin? ~Blood coagulation ~Formation of red blood cells ~Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients ~Formation of epithelial cell mucopolysaccharides ~Formation of mature collagen

Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients

True or False Since manufacturers started fortifying milled grain products with folate, the rate of scurvy have declined substantially.

False

Which is the best description of the function of folate? ~The coenzyme form is FAD. ~Dairy foods are a poor source of folate except for goat's milk. ~Insufficient folate intake results in deficiency of homocysteine. ~Folate donates a methyl group to vitamin B12. ~Folate donates a hydroxyl group to vitamin B12.

Folate donates a methyl group to vitamin B12

Which is the best description of the function of folate? ~The coenzyme form is FAD. ~Dairy foods are a poor source of folate except for goat's milk. ~Insufficient folate intake results in deficiency of homocysteine. ~Folate donates a methyl group to vitamin B12. ~Folate donates an hydroxyl group to vitamin B12.

Folate donates a methyl group to vitamin B12.

According to the Nova video on Obesity, which statement is TRUE? ~Mice with the gene missing for leptin slowly become more lean than normal. ~Leptin is produced in the liver and travels to adipose tissue to signal alterations in fat metabolism. ~One in ten people carry a defect in the gene for the MC4 receptor. ~ For a random sample of obese humans, injection of leptin did not significantly result in weight loss.

For a random sample of obese humans, injection of leptin did not significantly result in weight loss.

Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12? ~Pecans ~Hot dog ~Cauliflower ~Whole-grain bread ~Spinach

Hot dog

Of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin B12? ~pecans ~hot dog ~cauliflower ~whole-grain bread ~spinach

Hot dog

A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of...

Hunger

Which of the following is a property of niacin? ~It is susceptible to destruction in foods exposed to light. ~It participates primarily in reactions involving amino acids. ~It is soluble in both water and lipids depending upon its chemical form. ~It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid called tryptophan.

It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid called tryptophan.

How is vitamin E thought to play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease? ~It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. ~It inhibits absorption of dietary cholesterol. ~It interferes with cholesterol synthesis by the liver. ~It speeds removal of blood cholesterol by the liver.

It slows oxidation of low-density lipoproteins

Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme?

Its activity in men and women are sex-related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body.

Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin E in the American diet? ~Vegetable oils ~Potato ~Green leafy vegetables ~Seed and Nuts

Potato

Bo has just had a baby girl. When she brings the child home, she regales you with the details of her hospital stay. She mentions that shortly after the birth, the child received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K, and she wondered why this was done, as it made her cry. You explained that it

Prevented possible bleeding events.

Which of the following should Sam do, if he wanted to increase the amount of energy he expended as part of his basal metabolism? ~Eat more fat. ~Increase his protein intake. ~Start a workout program to build lean body mass. ~Go on a weight reduction diet.

Start a workout program to build lean body mass.

Terry is trying to lose 10 pounds quick and is now following a fad diet she read about in a magazine. For 3 weeks now she eats a small breakfast, lunch is a half a pound of carrots, and supper is a salad. She is now panicking because her skin is turning an odd yellow. You would tell Terry:

Stop those carrots. Your liver and skin is over storing beta-carotene, but don't worry because beta-carotene is not toxic.

Your sister Ellen has just joined the Peace Corps and will be working on ways to improve the nutritional status of children in Indonesia. Once there, she saw that many of the children and some adults suffer from night blindness. Which of the following foods should she recommend be incorporated into the Indonesian diet to help prevent future generations from developing this condition?

Sweet Potato

Which of the following is a feature of taking high-dose supplements of vitamin A as retinal? ~They increase risk of birth defects. ~They are effective in treating acne. ~They lead to keratinization of tissue. ~They reduce risk for neural tube defects.

They increase risk of birth defects

Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin? ~Thiaminacide ~Thiamin pyrophosphate ~Thiamin adenine dinucleotide ~Thiamin flavin mononucleotide

Thiamin pyrophosphate

Tomatoes are rich in lycopene which is known to be effective as an antioxidant.

True

True or False Basal metabolic rate tends to decline as one ages beyond 25 years old.

True

True or False: A recent clinical trial found that smokers who were given supplements of beta-carotene had increased risk for lung cancer compared to those not given beta-carotene.

True

True or False: The bomb calorimeter overestimates the actual amount of energy available in food for human body.

True

Studies in developing countries have demonstrated that the mortality rate of children with measles can be significantly reduced by providing supplements of

Vitamin A

Your old friend from high school has just moved to Northern Canada to do full-time research on bats in caves. She typically works in the caves during the day when the bats are there and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Since your friend only purchases organic and all natural foods, which of the following would you most likely advise she buy regularly at the grocery store?

Vitamin D-fortified milk

The Weight Maintenance Wheel from your lesson, contains all the following components EXCEPT:

Weigh yourself every day

The Weight Maintenance Wheel from your lesson, contains all the following components EXCEPT: ~Weigh yourself every day ~Behavior modification techniques ~A health eating plan ~Regular physical activity ~All of the above are in the Wheel.

Weigh yourself every day

Sarah and Sonja both consumed approximately 2000 kcalories per day. What could you conclude about Sarah and Sonja's energy balance based upon this information?

You cannot draw any conclusions based on this information.

Which statement is FALSE about vitamins? ~Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal foods. ~You would have to drink at least 3 cups of orange juice to get your RDA for ascorbic acid. ~Biotin can be synthesized by the bacteria in the GI tract. ~The UL for vitamin B6 is about 75 times the RDA. ~None of the above are FALSE.

You would have to drink at least 3 cups of orange juice to get your RDA for ascorbic acid

Vitamin K is

a coenzyme.

Laura has calculated that her BMI is 22. She would be considered...

a healthy weight

According to the text, the success of long term effectiveness of gastric surgery depends on the original body weight of the individual.

compliance of dietary instructions

Scurvy results in pinpoint hemorrhaging in the skin and bleeding of the gums. This can be explained by the biological function of ______ to keep the mineral _____ in the correct form so that it acts as a cofactor for the enzyme necessary for _______ synthesis.

ascorbic acid; iron; collagen

Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency? ~swollen feet ~bleeding gums ~dermatitis ~hair loss ~diarrhea

bleeding gums

You are a dietitian and see the report of the blood work from a woman in her twenties who is pregnant. Her red blood cells are larger than normal, so you suspect that her diet is low in

folate

Health benefits from weight loss...

can be achieved with even minor (e.g. 5-10% of body weight) weight loss.

Complex organic molecules that associate closely with most enzymes but are not proteins are known as...

coenzymes

Set point theory....

explains why it is so difficult for overweight people to lose weight and keep it off. & is the sum total of physiological control of weight status.

When a diet leads to a quick weight loss (5-10 lb in one week), the weight primary comes from which part of the body?

fluid (water)

The appearance of the neurological symptoms of pernicious anemia may be delayed due to high intake of supplements of... ~folate. ~niacin. ~vitamin C. ~vitamin B6.

folate

Niacin

functions in a coenzyme to carry hydrogens and their electrons to the electron transport chain.

Timmy, a 12 year old boy, should not use the Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) equation for adults because it does not account for

growth

Another term for vitamin B6 is:

pyridoxine

One of the water-soluble vitamins has been in many claims in magazines that it will improve a brain neurotransmitter, and thus may help such conditions as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Unfortunately, double-blind controlled studies do not confirm these claims. This vitamin is

pyridoxine

Xeropthalmia

results in permanent blindness because of damage to the cornea.

All of the following compounds found in food are part of the antioxidant defense system EXCEPT ~beta-carotene ~retinal ~lutein ~isoflavones ~All of the above are helpful in antioxidation.

retinal

Which of the following would be the best source of vitamin E? ~liver ~salad dressing made with oil ~convenience foods high in fat ~orange colored vegetables

salad dressing made with oil

The feeling of satisfaction between meals is termed...

satiety

General characteristics of most of the water-soluble vitamins include all of the following EXCEPT...

they must be consumed with each meal.