NUTR 3362 Ch.5: Carbohydrates

The hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes a lowering of blood sugar is ________.

insulin

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

When sugars and other carbohydrates are metabolized by bacteria into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel this results in tooth ________.

decay

Symptoms that include irritability, restlessness, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called _______.

hypoglycemia

Fiber is mostly made up of ________ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest. monosaccharides amylose amylopectin starches

monosaccharides Fibers differ from starches bc they cannot be digested by human enzymes.

Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the ________ and in the ________.

muscles; liver

When people consume adequate fiber they experience

softer stools. more regular bowel movements.

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides? sucrose starch maltose lactose fiber glycogen

starch fiber glycogen

What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide? vitamins sugar calcium fiber

vitamins calcium

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal. Place these in the proper order. Blood glucose level returns to normal Insulin released from the pancreas Eating a meal Elevated blood glucose

1. Eating a meal 2. Elevated blood glucose 3. Insulin released from the pancreas 4. Blood glucose level returns to normal

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid? Saccharin Aspartame Sucralose Neotame

Aspartame

In which food category is galactose typically found? Grains Meat Dairy Fruit

Dairy

What is the major monosaccharide in the body? Glucose Sucrose Galactose Fructose

Glucose

________ is also known as a dextrose or blood sugar.

Glucose

Human breast milk contains which monosaccharides? Glucose Galatose Fructose Maltose

Glucose Galatose

When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the Daily Value (DV) for carbohydrates is 300 grams 50 grams 500 grams 100 grams

300 grams

What disaccharide can be found in certain animal products? Fructose Starch Sucrose Lactose

Lactose

The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes Stevia sweet is called ________.

Rebiana

T/F: Hemorrhoids are swollen rectal veins that cause itching, discomfort, and/or bleeding.

True

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ________.

fructose

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or ________.

levulose

Match the following descriptions with the correct polysaccharide. A long, straight chain of glucose units A highly branched chain of glucose units Amylopectin Amylose

A long, straight chain of glucose units = Amylose A highly branched chain of glucose units = Amylopectin

What decreases blood glucose? What increases blood glucose?

Insulin. Glucagon.

Which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity? There is a cause and effect relationship between sugar and hyperactivity. Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD). ADHD can be controlled by limiting a child's sugar intake.

Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD).

Which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? Fad diets Milk consumption Sedentary life style

Sedentary life style

(Glycemic Index x Grams of ________ / 100 = Glycemic Load

carbohydrate

Food labels for high-fiber food products may voluntarily indicate which of the following? Total fat Insoluble fiber Sugar content

Insoluble fiber

Which of the following statements about fiber are true? Is a complex carbohydrate Can be digested by human enzymes Adds bulk to feces A substance found in plants

Is a complex carbohydrate Adds bulk to feces A substance found in plants

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides? They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are disaccharides. They are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together. They are sometimes called simple carbohydrates.

They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together.

Sugar alcohols are used in ________. breath mints snacks such as chips and pretzels diabetic candy sugar-free gum

breath mints diabetic candy sugar-free gum

Women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if they have a family history of type 2 diabetes. they have elevated blood pressure. are chronically overweight. are chronically underweight.

they have a family history of type 2 diabetes. they have elevated blood pressure. are chronically overweight.