Nutrition 2
The Supplement Facts label must include the
%DV of each nutrient serving size manufacturer's contact information
In the vegetable group, the standard serving size is equivalent to
1 cup 100% vegetable juice 1 cup raw vegetables 1 cup cooked vegetables
What is considered a megadose?
10 times the recommendation
Protein
10-35%
Fat
20-35%
To be labeled as "reduced", the product contains ______% less of the nutrient or calories found in the reference product
25
Carbohydrate
45-65%
A Daily Value percentage of ______ or less is considered a low source for a nutrient
5
The Dietary Guidelines are updated every ____ years
5
the EAR should meet the needs of ___ percent in a particular life stage/gender group
50
The "energy currency" of our cells is
ATP
much of the energy released by catabolic reactions are captured in the form of
ATP
Which of the following is NOT a concern related to consuming animal foods?
Absorption of minerals
What standard is set to indicate ranges of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes that provide adequate intake of amounts of vitamins and minerals and mat reduce the risk of diet-related chronic disease?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
What is the basic premise of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
All nutrients needs should be met through consumption of foods to provide an array of nutrients and non-nutrients that may benefit health
Probiotics
Are live, beneficial microbes can be found in many yogurts
What dietary guides were inspired by the Food Guide Pyramid?
Asian Diet Pyramid Mediterranean Diet Pyramid
Vitamin A
Birth defects and deadly
What vitamins are required to be placed on the Nutrition Facts panel
C and A
What foods are in the grain group?
Cereal Crackers Rice Pasta
choosemyplate.gov can assist with which of the following tasks?
Daily caloric intake physical activity tracking macro and micronutrient content
To prevent disease, achieve optimal health, and reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies, nutrition experts have established the
Dietary Reference Intakes
What can cause episodes of vomiting?
Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol Hormonal changes during pregnancy Eating something toxic
The average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the:
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
the average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the:
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
Herbal supplements are commonly known to have the following risks except
GERD
Selenium
Gastrointestinal upsets, hair loss, fatigue, irritability
Calcium
Increase the risk of kidney stones
What can metabolize undigested food, make vitamins K and biotin, and produce substances that the colon can use for energy?
Intestinal bacteria
Vitamin C
Intestinal upset and diarrhea
What area is not a primary storage site for vitamins?
Kidneys
Iron
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dark-stool
The process of absorption includes the following
Nutrients are taken up by the intestinal cells Nutrients enter the bloodstream
The percentages of Daily Values are applied to the Nutrition Facts label in which of the following ways?
People requiring more or less than 2000-kcal must make the necessary adjustment The 2000-kcal diet allows easy comparison among similar foods. They are based on a 2000-kcal diet
When should you consult your physician in regards to dietary supplements?
Prior to purchasing the supplement
Which nutrient standard is set to meet 97%-98% of the nutrient requirements for nearly all healthy Americans?
RDA
The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to
Reduce the risk of nutrition-related health conditions set general nutritional-related lifestyle recommendation
Which of the following nutrients are required on the Nutrition Facts panel?
Saturated Fats Vitamin C Sodium
What are the causes of diarrhea?
The GI tract absorbs less water than normal More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract
My plate was developed as an interactive dietary planning site by the
USDA
Vegetables
V8 juice
Which vitamins are required to be placed on the Nutrition Facts panel?
Vitamin C and A
Vitamin D
Weakness, confusion, disorientation, heart rhythm irregularities
a health claim is...
a statement that something can improve your health
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are part of the digestive system but are considered to be _____ organs
accessory
When the gastroesophageal sphincter does not close properly, the condition is called...
acid reflux
metabolic pathways that require oxygen and generate ATP are called ______ ______
aerobic metabolism
A group or organs that work together for a similar purpose is
an organ system
reactions involved in building larger substances from smaller ones are called
anabolic
What provides a lot of fiber?
apple slices
Gallstones
are formed from cholesterol can block the passageway from the gall bladder to the duodenum
cells in the body
are specialized to perform specific functions
Intestinal gas is produced by ______ which are found in the large intestine
bacteria
Feces is comprised of
bacteria undigested fiber
swallowing air while eating and drinking often will result in
burping
Many antacids may provide a dietary source of the mineral
calcium
A structure-function claim ___ state that a nutrient, food, or dietary supplement can be used to prevent or treat a serious heath condition
cannot
Which cells in the body depend primarily on glucose for energy rather than fats or proteins?
central nervous system
The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes would be an example of...
chemical digestion
Prior to their absorption, intestinal absorptive cell package water-insoluble nutrients, like fatty acids, into_____
chylomicrons
Once food enters the stomach and mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the stomach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called ___
chyme
A goal of dietary planning is to reach 100% of your ______ _______ for fiber, vitamins, and minerals each day
daily value
Repeated vomiting especially if accompanied by diarrhea can result in
dehydration
Ingredients are listed on the Nutrition Facts label in
descending order by weight
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by
diarrhea abdominal cramping rectal bleeding
The process by which large food components are broken down into smaller substances, including individual nutrients is called...
digestion
Tiny pouches that can form in the lining of the large intestine are called
diverticula
large intestine
elimination of waste products
What can cause an imbalance of intestinal bacteria populations
emotional stress
Foods such as chips, baked goods, and sodas have a high amount of ____ _____
empty calories
Addition of iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid back into cereal grain products is known as
enrichment
The ______ is a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea during food consumption
epiglottis
Niacin
facial flushing and liver damage
The nutrient fuel that most cells burn for energy after glucose is _______
fat
Bacteria in your large intestine convert undigested food into other substances through chemical process known as _____
fermentation
What is an example of a health claim?
fiber can lower cholesterol
Because DRI's aren't always practical for menu planning, experts developed
food guides
The human body prefers to obtain nutrients through:
food sources
the addition of any nutrient to foods in known as _____
fortification
When selecting foods from the fruit group, you should choose more...
fresh fruits frozen fruits
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
The standard serving size of the fruit group is equivalent to
half cup of raisins 1 small apple
What characteristics place individual at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer?
having colorectal polyps being over 50 years of age
A peptic ulcer can be caused by...
hydrochloric acid damaging stomach or intestinal tissue protein digesting enzymes damaging the stomach or intestine a failure of the mucus layer to protect stomach or intestinal tissue
According to the Nutrition Facts label, serving size is listed and calculated
in household units in grams
Peristalsis occurs in the
intestines esophagus stomach
Which of the following areas is not a primary storage site for vitamins?
kidneys
the ____ intestine doesn't have villi
large
Meat and meat substitutes
legumes
What information should be listed on a Nutrition Facts panel?
list of ingredients saturated fat servings per container
Functions such as making glucose and bile acids, storing various nutrients and detoxifying harmful substances are performed by the _____
liver
After food enters the stomach, the opening between the esophagus and stomach is closed by the
lower gastroesophageal sphincter
small intestine
major site of chemical digestion and absorption
Mouth
major site of mechanical digestion
Examples of anabolic reactions include...
making new bone making proteins synthesizing hormones
Metabolic reactions include:
making proteins releasing energy from macronutrients eliminating waste products
Types of digestion include
mechanical chemical
A significant difference between Vitamins B and C versus D is?
meeting daily intake recommendations is essential
a significant difference between Vitamins B and C versus vitamin D is?
meeting the daily intake recommendations is essential
An amount of a vitamin or mineral that is at least 10 times the recommended amount of the nutrient is known as a ________
megadose
An amount of vitamin or mineral that is at least 10 times the recommended amount of the nutrient is known as a ______
megadose
the vegetable group is high in which of the following?
micronutrients phytochemicals fiber
MyPlate is helpful with menu planning because it promotes
moderation variety nutritional adequacy
Functions of the liver include
monitoring blood nutrient content detoxifying harmful substances synthesizing bile
stomach
muscular sac that can hold up to 4 cups of foods
Vitamin B6
nausea, heartburn, and sever nerve damage
reduced- fat ranch dressing is an example of a _____ ______ claim
nutrient content
reduced-fat ranch dressing is an example of a _____ ______ claim
nutrient content
Various tissues that function in a related fashion combine together to form an
organ
Meat from animals raised without the use of hormones or antibiotics can be labeled:
organic
meat from animals raised without the use of hormones or antibiotics can be labeled
organic
the organ that produces most of the digestive enzymes in the
pancreas
What is NOT an example of an organ system?
pancreatic bladder
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
partially digesting protein killing dangerous microorganisms
waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called _______
peristalsis
Dairy foods are excellent sources of the mineral _______
phosphorus
Micronutrients iron, zinc, and B vitamins are commonly found in which food group
protein
Chylomicrons are large particles containing
protein lipid
the purposes of the AMDRs include
providing a range of intakes to promote adequate macronutrients reducing the risk of diet-related chronic disease
what foods are apart of the dairy group?
pudding soy milk ice cream
Meeting the ______ of a particular nutrient can prevent the development of a deficiency-specific related disease
requirement
Meeting the _______ of a particular nutrient can prevent the development of a deficiency-specific related disease
requirement
Grains
rice pilaf
For which nutrients would it be appropriate to strive for less than 100% of the Daily Value?
saturated fat unsaturated fat
Increase physical activity and reduce time spent in _______ behaviors in order to balance calories to manage weight
sedentary
increase physical activity and reduce time spent in ______ behaviors in order to balance calories to manage weight
sedentary
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the
small intestine
treatment of severe diarrhea includes drinking watery replacement fluids that contain
sodium simple sugars potassium
To reduce your risk of gallstones, you should
stay at a healthy weight
The acid in the _____ helps to activate digestive enyzmes, makes proteins easier to digest, and kills many disease causing mocroorganisms
stomach
A ____ describes the role of a nutrient or dietary supplement plays in maintaining a structure, such as bone or promoting a normal function, such as digestion.
structure/function claim
A _________ describes the role a nutrient or dietary supplement plays in maintaining a structure, such as bone or promoting a normal function, such as digestion
structure/function claim
A produce farmer is interested in growing organic crops. Based on regulations, what would the farmer have to avoid?
synthetic fertilizer ionizing radiation genetic improvements
An example of a catabolic reaction would be
the breakdown of a fatty acid release energy
The term "natural" on a food label means
the food must not contain food coloring agents, synthetic flavors, or other unnatural substances
Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into
the lymphatic system
Masses of cells that have similar characteristics and functions are called...
tissues
cells that have similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called...
tissues
cells that have similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called....
tissues
What foods can contribute to acid reflux?
tomato sauce vinegar coffee
When a person regularly consumes amount of a nutrient that exceed its UL, they may be at an increased risk of a _______ _______
toxicity disorder
true or false: The Estimated Energy Requirement is based on the needs of healthy individuals
true
true or false: nuts, olives, and avocados have high fat contents
true
An inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the lining of the large intestine is
ulcerative colitis
The 5 primary taste sensations are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and _____
umami
Diarrhea is most often caused by
viral infections bacterial infections
Which foods do NOT contribute to acid reflux?
white bread
The Dietary Guidelines recommend that the grains you choose are made with ______ grains
whole
fiber is found in diets that are rich in ______ grains, rather than refined grains
whole
Dairy
yogurt