Nutrition 223 Chapter 2

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Amounf of nutrient intake that is estimates to meet the needs of 50% of the individuals in a specific age and gender group

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

2-3% of healthy North Americans would have an inadequate intake if they met the RDA, whereas 97-98% would have their needs met

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

50% of health North Americans would have an inadequate intake if they consumed the EAR, whereas 50% would have their needs met

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

An estimate of the amount of energy intake that will meet the energy needs of an average person within a specific gender, age, and other considerations

Preliminary Health Claim

Claim made about foods that is based on incomplete scientific evidence

Structure/Function Claim

Claim that describes how a nutrient affects human body structure or function, such as "iron builds strong blood"

Nutrient Content Claims

Claim that describes the nutrients in a food, such as "low in fat" and "calorie free"

Energy Density

Comparison of the energy content of a food with the weight of the food. An energy-dense food is high in energy buy weighs very little (fried foods) whereas a food low in energy density weighs a lot but is low in energy content

Empty Calorie Foods

Food that tends to be high in sugar and/or fat and low in other nutrients; that is, the calories are "empty" of nutrients

Daily Value (DV)

Generic nutrient standard used on Nutrition Facts labels; it comprises both Reference Daily INtakes (RDIs) and Daily Reference Values (DRVs)

Upper Level (UL)

Highest nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risks to adverse health effects in almost all health individuals

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Latest nutrient recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board, a part of the Institue of Medicine, and the National Academy of Science. These include Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), Adequate Intakes (AIs), Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, and Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs)

Tolerable Upper intake Level (ULs)

Maximum chronic daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health affects in almost all people in a population. This number applies to a chronic daily use

Daily Reference Values (DRVs)

Part of DV; generic nutrient standard set for energy producing nutrients (fats, carbs, protein, fiber) cholesterol, sodium, and potassium

Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs)

Part of the DV; generic nutrient standard set for vitamins and minerals (Except sodium and potassium)

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Range of intake for a specific macronutrient taht is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients. AMDR areset for carbohydrates, protein, and fat (various forms) Each is intended to provide guidance in dietary planning

Nutrient Density

Rato dervies by dividing a food's contribution to nutrient needs by its contribution to energy needs. When its contribution to nutrient needs exceeds its energy contribution, the food is considered to have a favorable nutrient density

Adequate Intake AI)

Recommendation for nutrient intake when not enough information is available to establish an RDA. AIs are based on observed or experiementally determined estimates of the average nutrient intake that appears to maintain a defined nutritional state in a specific population. It is used when no RDA can be set

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

Recommended intakes of nutrients that are sufficient to meet the needs of almost all individuals (97%) of similar age and gender; established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences

Adequate Intake (AI)

Set for some nutrients instead of an RDA; likes somewhere between the RDA and UL. Thus, the AI should cover the needs of more than 97 to 98% of individuals