Nutrition 225 OSU Final Study Guide
Serena is 5'8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena's BMI indicates that she is A) underweight. B) at a healthy weight. C) overweight. D) obese.
(180/(68)^2)x 730 =28.4 Her BMI is 28.4 so she is categorized as: C) overweight.
Jack is a college athlete who requires 2,800 kilocalories a day to support his total energy needs. Even though Jack likes many different foods and makes it a point to try new things, he consumes only approximately 1,600 kilocalories a day. Which one of these characteristics of a healthful diet is Jack missing? A) adequacy B) balance C) moderation D) variety
A) adequacy
The primary energy source used by the body during intense exercise is A) carbohydrate. B) protein. C) fat. D) cholesterol.
A) carbohydrate. low-intensity uses fat high-intensity uses carbs
The term used to describe the process in which foods are broken down into their component molecules is A) digestion. B) absorption. C) elimination. D) segmentation.
A) digestion
What is the cephalic phase? A) earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food B) phase in which the semi-digested food leaves the stomach and slowly enters the small intestine C) phase in which the majority of absorption occurs, primarily occurring in the small intestine D) final phase of digestion in which the large intestine and rectum prepare the undigested components of food for elimination
A) earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body? A) glucose B) fructose C) galactose D) glycogen
A) glucose
Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar rises? A) insulin B) estrogen C) CCK D) glucagon
A) insulin
The term "enriched" on a food label signifies that A) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in. B) nutrients were added to the food that did not originally exist in it. C) nutrients were added to the food that have additional health benefits beyond those naturally found in it. D) the food was processed without any artificial additives.
A) the nutrients in the food were lost during processing and then added back in.
A triglyceride is composed of A) three fatty acids and one glycerol. B) three glycerols and one fatty acid. C) three atoms of carbon and one glycerol. D) three glycerols and one atom of carbon.
A) three fatty acids and one glycerol
Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity? A) vitamins A and D B) vitamins C and K C) vitamins E and B12 D) thiamin and riboflavin
A) vitamins A and D
When the stomach is full, it can expand to hold approximately A) 2 cups of food or water. B) 4 cups of food or water. C) 1/2 gallon of food or water. D) 1 gallon of food or water.
B) 4 cups of food or water.
In the United States, how many foods account for over 90 percent of all documented food allergies? A) 3 B) 8 C) 20 D) 160
B) 8
What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers? A) stress B) Helicobacter pylori C) prolonged use of aspirin D) eating too many spicy foods
B) Helicobacter pylori
The information provided on a food label that identifies how much a serving of food contributes to your intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the A) ounce-equivalent. B) Percent Daily Values. C) Dietary Reference Intakes. D) footnote.
B) Percent Daily Values
What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting Calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity? A) The individual will lose adipose tissue. B) The individual will lose lean body tissue. C) The individual will lose mostly water weight. D) The individual will not lose any body weight.
B) The individual will lose lean body tissue.
Which of the following individuals would MOST likely have the lowest basal metabolic rate? A) an 18-year-old conditioned male athlete B) a 28-year-old anorexic woman C) a 38-year-old pregnant woman D) a 48-year-old obese male
B) a 28-year-old anorexic woman Factors that DECREASE BMR: -Lower lean body mass -Lower height -Older age -Depressed levels of thyroid hormone -Starvation, fasting or very-low-Calorie diets -Female gender due to decreased lean tissue
What is the definitive test for diagnosing celiac disease? A) antigliadin antibodies test B) antigluten antibodies test C) biopsy of the small intestine D) genetic testing
B) antigluten antibodies test
Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who A) eat a diet high in trans and saturated fats. B) avoid dairy products. C) have celiac disease. D) are overweight.
B) avoid dairy products.
Milk is a good source of calcium but a poor source of iron. Meat is a good source of iron but a poor source of calcium. A diet incorporating both of these foods demonstrates what characteristic of a healthful diet? A) moderation B) balance C) nutrient density D) freshness
B) balance
The three components of total energy expenditure are A) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis. B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. C) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity. D) physical activity, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.
B) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
Which of the following nutrients is the MOST energy dense? A) carbohydrate B) fat C) protein D) vitamins
B) fat
Foods in which nutrients are added that did not originally exist in that food are known as A) enriched. B) fortified. C) genetically modified. D) processed.
B) fortified.
When blood glucose levels drop, which hormone brings glucose out of storage to raise blood glucose levels? A) insulin B) glucagon C) glycogen D) adrenaline
B) glucagon
The basic biological urge to eat when our body senses that we need food is A) olfaction. B) hunger. C) appetite. D) satiety.
B) hunger.
In the digestive system, bicarbonate A) activates enzymes that begin lipid digestion. B) neutralizes acids. C) regulates digestive activity and increases peristalsis. D) emulsifies fats.
B) neutralizes acids
Servings in the proteins group of the USDA Food Patterns are represented in A) grams. B) ounce-equivalents. C) percentages. D) Calories.
B) ounce-equivalents
The wavelike contractions that move food along the length of the GI tract are called A) spasms. B) peristalsis. C) sphincter movements. D) segmentation.
B) peristalsis
The thrifty gene theory suggests that A) our bodies are designed to maintain weight within a narrow range. B) some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people. C) adult body weight is determined by the weight of our parents. D) our weight is influenced by the inheritance of random genetic mutations.
B) some people possess a gene that causes them to expend less energy than other people.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) absorption of excess glucose from the blood B) storage of bile C) storage of amino acids D) regulation of fat levels in the blood
B) storage of bile
What is the primary form of fat in the diet? A) sterols B) triglycerides C) phospholipids D) glycerols
B) triglycerides
The human body can synthesize small amounts of which two fat-soluble vitamins? A) vitamin B12 and vitamin C B) vitamin D and vitamin K C) vitamin E and vitamin A D) thiamin and niacin
B) vitamin D and vitamin K
According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of your daily Calories should be provided by carbohydrates? A) 35% B) 45% C) 65% D) 75%
C) 65%
Up to what percentage of a person's total energy intake should carbohydrates provide, based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)? A) 15% B) 30% C) 65% D) 70%
C) 65%
The psychological desire to eat stimulated by the sight, smell, or thought of food is A) olfaction. B) hunger. C) appetite. D) satiety.
C) Appetite
Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition? A) Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body. B) Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, absorb, and store food. C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century. D) Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns.
C) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century.
What is chyme? A) an ulceration of the esophageal lining B) a mass of food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth C) a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices D) a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipids
C) a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
Salivary amylase begins the digestion of which nutrient in the mouth? A) protein B) fat C) carbohydrate D) vitamin B12
C) carbohydrate
What is the primary source of fuel for the brain? A) proteins B) fats C) carbohydrates D) vitamins
C) carbohydrates
Which of the following substances in a ripe peach is NOT absorbed by the body? A) vitamin C B) fructose C) dietary fiber D) water
C) dietary fibe
Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels? A) testosterone and estrogen B) leptin and ghrelin C) glucagon and insulin D) epinephrine and CCK
C) glucagon and insulin
The storage form of glucose in animals is A) galactose. B) starch. C) glycogen. D) raffinose.
C) glycogen.
Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate? A) liver B) stomach C) pancreas D) gallbladder
C) pancreas
The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to A) neutralize stomach acid. B) activate pepsinogen to pepsin. C) protect the stomach cells from gastric juice. D) emulsify fats
C) protect the stomach cells from gastric juice.
What are the 6 categories of nutrients? Which of those are micronutrients? Macronutrients?
CARBOHYDRATES: (macro) -Function: Primary energy source for the body -Composed of: Chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -Best Food Sources: Whole grains, veggies, fruits PROTEINS: (macro) -Functions: Support tissue growth, repair, amd maintenance -Composed of: Amino acids made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen -Best Food Source: Meats, dairy products, seeds, nutes, legumes FATS AND OILS: (macro) -Functions: Important source of energy at rest and during low-intensity exercise -Composed of: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -Best Food Source: Vegetable oils, butter, and dairy products vitamins: (mirco) -Functions: Assist w release of macronutrients; critical to building and maintaining bone, muscle, and blood; supports immune function and vision -Composed of: Fat-soluble and water-soluble compounds -Best Food Sources: Fruits, veggies, dairy products, meats minerals: (micro) -Functions: Assist w fluid regulation and energy production; maintain health of blood and bones; rid body of harmful by-products of metabolism -Composed of: Single elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, ad iron -Food Source: Fruits, veggies, dairy products, meats water: (mirco) -Functions: Ensures proper fluid balance; assists in regulation of nerve impulses, body temp, and muscle contractions -Composed of: Hydrogen and oxygen -Food Sources: water, juices, soups, fruits, and veggies
Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients? A) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) C) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) Carbs: 45-65% Fat: 20-35% Protein: 10-35%
Which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is TRUE? A) On average, protein intake recommendations are lower for older adults than for young and middle-age adults. B) The RDA for protein for sedentary adults is 1.2 g per kg of body weight. C) The AMDR for protein is 10% to 25% of total energy intake. D) Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults.
D) Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults
Which statement BEST describes nutrient density? A) Choose a number of different foods within any given food group. B) Consume a variety of foods from the five major food groups every day. C) Plan your entire day's diet so that you juggle nutrient sources. D) Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their Calories.
D) Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their Calories.
Which component of the gastrointestinal system can synthesize certain vitamins? A) liver enzymes B) intestinal yeasts C) circular folds D) GI flora
D) GI flora
The highest average amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular age and gender group is called the A) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). C) Adequate Intake (AI). D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
D) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis? A) a diet that contains too much fat B) a diet that contains insufficient fat C) a diet that contains too much carbohydrate D) a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate
D) a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate
When you consume more protein than you need, the surplus will A) be converted to liver and muscle glycogen. B) replenish the body's amino acid pool. C) contribute to increased muscle mass. D) be converted to and stored as fat.
D) be converted to and stored as fat.
Whole-grain flours are rich sources of fiber because they retain the grain's A) husk. B) hull. C) stem. D) bran.
D) bran.
A high-fiber diet might help decrease blood cholesterol levels by A) preventing ketosis. B) keeping stools soft. C) trapping cholesterol in pockets in the large intestine. D) causing more cholesterol-containing bile to be excreted in feces.
D) causing more cholesterol-containing bile to be excreted in feces.
A diet low in fiber is associated with an increased risk of developing A) kidney stones. B) dental caries. C) Crohn's disease. D) diverticulosis.
D) diverticulosis.
After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells? A) glucagon B) estrogen C) CCK D) insulin
D) insulin
After you eat a meal of a cheeseburger with French fries and a chocolate milk shake, the fat in the meal A) travels directly to the liver for packaging. B) is digested by lingual, gastric, and pancreatic lipases. C) is digested by salivary and pancreatic amylases. D) is digested by pepsin and pancreatic proteases.
D) is digested by pepsin and pancreatic proteases.
Nitrogen released from the breakdown of proteins A) is used to synthesize liver glycogen. B) travels in the bloodstream to the lungs, where it is excreted when we exhale. C) triggers acidosis. D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
D) is used in the synthesis of urea, which is excreted by the kidneys in the urine.
The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise that you A) keep your intake of sodium to no more than 10% of total Calories. B) keep your intake of cholesterol to no more than 10% of total Calories. C) keep your intake of alcohol to no more than 10% of total Calories. D) keep your intake of added sugars to no more than 10% of total Calories.
D) keep your intake of added sugars to no more than 10% of total Calories.
Irritable bowel syndrome A) affects about twice as many men as women. B) is characterized by rectal bleeding and weight loss. C) is typically caused by infection with H. pylori. D) may be due to conflicting messages between the central and enteric nervous systems.
D) may be due to conflicting messages between the central and enteric nervous systems.
The characteristics of a healthful diet include A) moderation and low-energy. B) balance and low-fat. C) adequacy and value. D) nutrient density and variety.
D) nutrient density and variety.
Which of the following is most likely to promote healthy increases in muscle mass? A) increasing fruit and vegetable consumption B) adopting a paleo diet C) taking amino acid and protein supplements D) resistance training
D) resistance training
For dinner, Carol consumes 250 grams of carbohydrate, 50 grams of protein, and 30 grams of fat. In addition, Carol decides that she wants a glass of wine with her meal. If she drinks one glass of wine containing 10 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does she consume in this meal? A) 340 kilocalories B) 1,540 kilocalories C) 1,806 kilocalories D) 2,820 kilocalories
Fats/Lipids= 9 kcal --> 270 Carbs= 4 kcal --> 1000 Protein= 4 kcal --> 200 Alcohol= 7 kcal -->70 B) 1,570 kcal
Which of the top 10 causes of death in the U.S. are nutrition-related?
Heart disease Cancer
Which of the following actions an individual can take would be LEAST likely to promote "good" food? a. advocating for increased farm subsidies for industrial farms b. purchasing fruits and vegetables at a local farmers market c. advocating for an on-campus food bank d. joining a community garden
a. advocating for increased farm subsidies for industrial farms
*Unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner, taking a single-nutrient supplement is NOT recommended because it a. can quickly lead to nutrient toxicity b. can quickly lead to nutrient deficiency c. can quickly lead to nutrient dependency d. might reduce your appetite
a. can quickly lead to nutrient toxicity
A sensible nutritional strategy for maintaining good health is to a. eat a healthful diet containing a variety of whole foods b. eat foods you like and take a multivitamin and mineral supplement for "insurance" c. eat a healthful diet but take a multivitamin and mineral supplement for "insurance" d. follow a macrobiotic diet and take several single-nutrient supplements
a. eat a healthful diet containing a variety of whole foods
One of the most effective ways to improve the nourishment of children worldwide is to a. encourage breastfeeding. b. provide generous subsidies for infant formula. c. mandate the fortification of infant formula with iron and zinc. d. encourage mothers to wean their infants on or shortly after their first birthday.
a. encourage breastfeeding
*Which of the following populations would MOST benefit from taking a regular multivitamin and mineral supplement? (2 answers) a. people with HIV/AIDS or other wasting disease b. people whose exposure to sunlight is inadequate c. children not drinking fluoridated water d. newborns e. pregnant or lactating women
a. people with HIV/AIDS or other wasting diseases AND e. pregnant and lactating women
Which of the following is NOT true about herbal supplements? a. some herbs are effective medicines b. many of the active ingredients in herbal supplements are not known c. licorice root is one of the least harmful herbal supplements known d. some herbal supplements have been found to contain unlabeled prescription drugs
a. some herbs are effective medicines
Which of the following federal programs focuses on increasing inner-city residents' access to nourishing food? a. the CDC's Healthy Corner Stores initiative b. the USDA's National School Lunch Program c. the USDA's Commodity Supplemental Food Program d. the USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
a. the CDC's Healthy Corner Stores initiative
*The FDA does not test any supplement for safety before it is marketed. a. true b. false
a. true
*The FDA must find a supplement unsafe before it can remove the supplement from the market. a. true b. false
a. true
*There are currently no federal guidelines or practices to ensure the purity, quality, safety, and composition of dietary supplements. a. true b. false
a. true
Dietary supplements are NOT substitutes for a healthful diet. a. true b. false
a. true
Like drugs, herbs can cause medical problems if not used correctly. a. true b. false
a. true
Weekly quiz: Like drugs, herbs can cause medical problems if not used correctly. a. true b. false
a. true
Weekly quiz: The overall use of dietary supplements among U.S. adults remained stable between 1999-2012; however the patterns of use of individual supplements varied a. true b. false
a. true
Which of the following families is LEAST likely to suffer from food insecurity in the United States? a. two-parent family with two school-age children in a city in the northeastern U.S. b. single Hispanic father of two preschoolers c. single African American mother of a high-school student d. elderly couple with fixed income at 150% of the U.S. poverty threshold
a. two-parent family with two school-age children in a city in the northeastern U.S.
*The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) recommends that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding a. use herbs only with physician approval b. avoid herbs entirely c. take daily doses of echinacea to enhance immune function d. supplement their folate intake with ginger for enhanced absorption
a. use herbs only with physician approval
Which of the following statements about farming in the U.S. is TRUE? a. In community supported agriculture, an entire neighborhood or town purchases and cultivates farmland. b. Over the past decade, the number of small farms (1 to 9 acres) in the U.S. has been stable or increased. c. Slow food is defined as locally grown food sustainably produced. d. All farmers' markets in the U.S. are required by law to accept SNAP benefits for payment.
b. Over the past decade, the number of small farms (1 to 9 acres) in the U.S. has been stable or increased.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. dietary supplements do no need approval from the FDA before they are marked b. all supplements sold in the U.S. must contain the U.S.P. symbol c. the liver is often the organ damaged by the use of contaminated dietary supplements d. no federal agency ensures the purity, safety, and quality of dietary supplements
b. all supplements sold in the U.S. must contain the U.S.P. symbol
The program in which a farmer sells a certain number of regular "shares" of locally grown food to the public is known as a. farmers markets b. community supported agriculture c. fair trade d. slow food
b. community supported agriculture
*According to the authors of the 2019 research article titled "Association Among Dietary Supplement Use, Nutrient Intake, and Mortality Among U.S. Adults," the evidence suggests that high nutrient intakes from supplements were associated with reduced mortality whereas adequate nutrient intakes from diet had no effect on mortality. a. true b. false
b. false
*Taking supplements will increase your energy level a. true b. false
b. false
According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, dietary supplements are categorized as drugs. a. true b. false
b. false
The population MOST likely to benefit from taking a single-nutrient beta-carotene supplement is smokers. a. true b. false
b. false
The regulation of dietary supplements is just as rigorous as the regulation of drugs. a. true b. false
b. false
The use of herbs to promote health and treat discomfort and disease is a relatively recent phenomenon. a. true b. false
b. false
A severe food shortage affecting a large percentage of a population within a given area at a particular time is known as a a. food/population imbalance. b. famine. c. natural disaster. d. nutrition paradox.
b. famine.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of sustainable agriculture? a. increase crop yields b. improve global transportation networks to ship foods c. boost food security d. minimize adverse environment impacts
b. improve global transportation networks to ship foods
One of the main goals of the fair trade movement is to a. improve global transportation networks b. improve the rights and working conditions of farm workers c. eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers in the global food economy d. work with all nations to develop free-trade zones
b. improve the rights and working conditions of farm workers
Paved roads, a reliable supply of electricity, and methods of water management are examples of a. governmental resources. b. infrastructure. c. agricultural techniques. d. natural resources
b. infrastructure.
Which of the following would NOT be classified as an herb? a. thyme used as flavoring b. iodide added to salt c. echinacea taken to prevent colds d. lavender used for its scent
b. iodide added to salt
A geographic region in which resources are insufficient to support the number of people living there is called a. famished b. overpopulated c. transitioning d. malnourished
b. overpopulated
*Which of the following populations is MOST likely to benefit from taking a vitamin D supplement? a. women who may become pregnant b. people with low exposure to sunlight c. people who do not consume adequate calcium d. people on a highly restrictive weight-loss diet
b. people with low exposure to sunlight
Choosing organic, locally grown, or less-processed foods at your grocery store a. discourages the proliferation of small family farms. b. supports the production and sale of such foods. c. discourages the profitability of such foods. d. supports fair trade.
b. supports the production and sale of such foods.
*Who is responsible for determining the safety and efficacy of any dietary supplement? a. the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. the manufacturer of the supplement c. the U.S. attorney general d. the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
b. the manufacturer of the supplement
Purchasing organic foods helps protect the environment by encouraging a reduction in a. inefficient small family farms b. the use of toxic and persistent pesticides c. prices for staple foods d. biodiversity
b. the use of toxic and persistent pesticides
The average life expectancy of the poorest Americans is a. the same as the average life expectancy of the wealthiest Americans b. below the average life expectancy of the Namibians c. 10 to 15 years shorter than the average life expectancy of the wealthiest Americans d. now over 78 years
c. 10 to 15 years shorter than the average life expectancy of the wealthiest Americans
*According to the 2016 research article titled "Trends in Dietary Supplement Use Among US Adults from 1999-2012," what percentage of US adults reported use of any dietary supplements in 2011-2012? a. 31% b. 37% c. 52% d. 74%
c. 52%
Which of the following populations is MOST likely to experience hunger as a result of culturally based patterns of food distribution? a. men b. boys c. girls d. tribal officials
c. girls
The increase in temperature that has occurred near the earth's surface over the past century is known as a. thermal instability b. global thermogenesis c. global warming d. climate change
c. global warming
The post-World War II program to increase worldwide food production through industrial farming techniques is known as the a. Industrial Revolution b. sustainable agricultural movement c. green revolution d. agricultural revolution
c. green revolution
*The words "standardized" or "certified" on an herbal supplement label a. guarantee that the product does not contain lead b. indicate that the producer has followed U.S.P. standards c. have no legal definition for supplements and are no guarantee of product quality d. identify the product as approved by the FDA
c. have no legal definition for supplements and are no guarantee of product quality
The goals of the recent "food movement" include a. developing high-yield varieties of grains and new fertilizers b. subsidizing grain crops and increasing centralization of food production c. protecting the environment and reducing food supply monopolies d. producing more genetically modified crops and providing financial incentives for corporate farms
c. protecting the environment and reducing food supply monopolies
*Which of the following would NOT be an effective strategy to follow when trying to evaluate the safety and quality of a particular supplement? a. look for the Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) Verified ark on the label b. buy nationally recognized brands c. purchase products labeled "natural" d. contact the company to request additional info.
c. purchase products labeled "natural"
A healthcare provider would MOST likely prescribe which of the following supplements for a person following a vegan diet? a. vitamins K, D, and E, and iron b. folic acid, copper, and chromium c. riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc d. B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and certain herbs
c. riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc
What is the primary cause of global undernutrition? a. global food shortages b. failure of the green revolution to diversify crops c. unequal distribution of food due to poverty d. inadequate transportation of networks
c. unequal distribution of food due to poverty
In 2017, approximately what percentage of U.S. households experienced food insecurity? a. 2% b. 5% c. 9% d. 12%
d. 12%
Which of the following individuals would NOT be eligible to receive the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits? a. Bonita, a three-month-old infant b. Juan, a two-year-old child c. Mary, a 32-year-old pregnant woman d. James, a seven-year-old child
d. Juan, a seven-year-old child WIC helps pregnant women and children to age 5
*"Herbs at a Glance" fact sheets are available at the website of which of the following federal agencies? a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) b. Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) c. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
d. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
A majority of contingent farm workers a. have healthcare insurance. b. have paid sick leave. c. are younger than 12 years of age. d. are not entitled to breaks for rest or meals mandated by law for other U.S. workers.
d. are not entitled to breaks for rest or meals mandated by law for other U.S. workers.
*A dietary supplement would NOT contain a. vitamins and minerals b. herbs or other botanicals c. amino acids d. asprin
d. asprin
*Which of the following is NOT required on a multivitamin and mineral supplement label? a. name and place of manufacturer b. Supplement Facts panel c. statement of identity d. at least one health claim
d. at least one health claim
Which of the following agricultural practices controls soil erosion? a. large-scale livestock production b. irrigation c. heavy tilling of row crops d. crop rotation
d. crop rotation
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of school gardening programs? a. teach children about nutrition and cooking b. expose children to new fruits and veggies c. produce healthful foods for school cafeterias d. decrease corporate investment in sustainable agriculture
d. decrease corporate investment in sustainable agriculture
What is the term for a situation in which people have unreliable access to sufficient nourishing food? a. food poverty b. food anxiety c. food shortage d. food insecurity
d. food insecurity
A dietary supplement can be removed from the market for which of the following reasons? a. if it has not been approved by the FDA b. if it contains tissues from animal organs or glands c. if it does not meet federal guidelines on purity, quality, safety, and composition d. if the manufacturer cannot substantiate all label claims
d. if the manufacturer cannot substantiate all label claims
Which of the following is the strategy MOST likely to improve an area's food/population ratio? a. decrease the import of foods into the area b. increase the birthrates c. encourage the cultivation of cash crops d. improve the education of girls and women
d. improve the education of girls and women
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of consuming local food? a. enhanced micronutrient content of produce b. reduced energy for food transportation c. reduced greenhouse gas emissions from transportation d. increased availability of fresh fruits and veggies year-round
d. increased availability of fresh fruits and veggies year-round
Taking vitamin E or vitamin K supplements can be especially harmful for a. people on weight-loss diets b. elderly people c. people who regularly drink green tea d. people who take the prescription drug Coumadin
d. people who take the prescription drug Coumadin
*Which of the following herbs is associated with the risks of high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and heart attack? a. chamomile b. ephedra c. willow bark d. kava
ephedra