Nutrition 7 Overview

Choose the true statements about protein.

-Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. -Proteins are organic molecules. -All living organisms contain protein.

Choose how nitrogen is lost from the body.

-intestinal tract sheds cells -urinary elimination -loss of hair and nails

To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know

-which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods. -which plant foods are good sources of protein.

Which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the United States?

It is uncommon.

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins but have important physiological roles are called amino acid ____

Derivatives

Celiac disease is a common inherited condition that results in poor ______ of nutrients from the small intestine.

absorption

A personalized nutrition plan takes into consideration

blood pressure. genes. height and weight. health assessment.

Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease have which of the following in common?

Requires a gluten free diet

The percentage of adults who do not eat meat, fish or poultry is about ______.

3.3%

A 28 year old woman who is at a healthy body weight of 60 kg has a protein RDA of _________ grams/day.

48 (to determine a persons RDA from protein, multiply their weight in kilograms by 0.8 g.

A 35 year old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of __________grams/day.

64

In the United States, the average protein intake ______.

is about 1.44 g/kg body weight is about 15 to 18% of total calories

A food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as

lactose. MSG. sulfites.

In most cases, an allergen is a(n)

protein

Most foods contain some ______.

protein

Combining certain plant food sources of protein to form complete proteins is called ______.

protein complementation

After being digested, most amino acids are

transported into absorptive cells

Choose the food sources that contain high-quality proteins.

-eggs and milk -meat and fish

Choose benefits of a plant-based diet.

-reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers -lower body fat and a reduced risk of obesity

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

Celiac disease

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

Heat Stomach Acid

In the year 1990, scientists began an effort to identify and sequence the human genes that code for protein synthesis in DNA. This project is known as the

Human Genome Project

The project undertaken in the 1990s to identify and sequence the approximately 23,000 genes that code for protein synthesis in the human DNA is called the ______.

Human Genome Project

Making dietary choices based on nutritional genomics, height, weight and health assessment is the concept of

Personalized nutrition

All living cells contain ______.

Protein

Amino acids are bonded together to form

Protein

Amino acids are the building blocks of______.

Protein

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) directly contains the codes for making ______.

Protein

With careful planning, a ______ can overcome the limitations of a plant-based diet and consume a nutritious diet.

vegetarian

Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a ____

food intolerance

The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.

quaternary

The health professional who will consider genetically driven dietary recommendations when helping people with their personalized nutrition plan is the

registered dietitian nutritionist

The ______ of a protein influences its function.

structure

Omega-3 fatty acids may need to be consumed from plant sources for those who do not eat

fish

People with PKU need to avoid

milk products. meats. egg.

Gluten-free products are not always healthier as some are high in

sodium. simple sugars. fats.

Vegetarians who do not consume fish may have difficulty obtaining ______.

omega-3 fatty acids

Registered dietitians now face the opportunity to better help people by providing them with

personalized diet planning.

Children and adults with PKU need to avoid foods that are rich sources of ______.

phenylalanine

People who eat a diet with _________ proteins are less likely to have hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

plant

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein turnover

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?

10-35%

Which naturally occurring food is 100% protein

No naturally occurring food is 100% protein

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?

Microvilli

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

Not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because _____ breaks down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and then recycles them to make new proteins.

protein turnover

The AMDR for protein is_______ to ________percent of energy intake.

10 to 35%

What happens to peptides once they enter the absorptive cells?

They are broken down into amino acids.

A person who relies heavily on plant foods and may or may not include some animal foods in their diet is considered a

vegetarian

Choose the true statements about amino acid derivatives

-Examples include creatine and melanin -Serve important physiological roles -Nitrogen-Containing compounds that are not proteins

Which of the following is true about deamination?

-Occurs primarily in the liver -A process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid -Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton

Which element is primarily lost through the elimination of urea and creatinine?

Nitrogen

Which of the following element is part of protein but not part of lipids or carbohydrates

Nitrogen

A(n) ______ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

Non essential

The ______ of a protein influences its function

Structure

Gluten-free products that are not nutrient dense include

cookies potato chips

The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called

deamination.

True or false: Every cell contains protein

True

A high-protein diet is defined as a protein intake of ______.

20 to 35% of calories

What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?

Allergy

When a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone

denaturation.

Enzymes within the microvilli break down ______ to amino acids.

di- and tripeptides

Common menu items can be converted to meatless dishes by

removing meat, fish, or poultry.

Although food insecurity exists in the United States, protein deficiency is

uncommon. present in specific population groups.

A person that follows a plant-based eating pattern that may contain some animal foods is following a ______ diet

vegetarian

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your ____________________.

-deoxyribonucleic acid -DNA

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False

True or false: Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity are the same condition.

False