Nutrition and Health Final: Ch 14
Hyperactivity
- (in children) A syndrome characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and excess motor activity - Usually diagnosed before age 7, lasts 6 months or more, and usually does not entail mental illness or mental retardation - Properly called ADHD
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- A cluster of symptoms some women experience prior to and during menstruation - They include, among others, abdominal cramps, back pain, swelling, headache, painful breasts, and mood changes
Plaque
- A mass of microorganisms and their deposits on the surfaces of teeth - A forerunner of dental cavities and gum disease
Antigen
- A substance foreign to the body that elicits the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system cells - Food antigens are usually large proteins - Inflammation consists of local swelling and irritation and attracts white blood cells to the site
Epiphyseal Plate
- A thick, cartilage-like layer that form new cells that are eventually calcified, lengthening the bone
Food Aversion
- An intense dislike of a food, biological or psychological in nature - Resulting from an illness or other negative experience associated with that food
Antibodies
- Large protein molecules that are produced in response to the presence of antigens to inactivate them
Gatekeeper
- With respect to nutrition, a key person who controls other people's access to foods and thereby affect their nutrition profoundly - Examples are the spouse who buys and cooks the food, the parent who feeds the kids, and the caregiver in a day-care center
Histamine
-A substance that participates in causing inflammation - Produced by cells of the immune system as part of a local immune reaction to an antigen
Arthritis
-A usually painful inflammation of joints caused by many medical conditions, including infections, metabolic disturbances, or injury - Usually results in altered joint structure and loss of function
Acne
-Chronic inflammation of the skin's follicles and oil-producing glands - Leads to an accumulation of oils inside the ducts that surround hairs - Usually associated with the maturation of young adults
Cataracts
-Clouding of the lens of the eye that can lead to blindness - Can be caused by injury, viral infections, toxic substances, genetic disorders, and, possibly, some nutrient deficiencies or imbalances
Learning Disability
A condition resulting in an altered ability to learn basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing, and mathematics
Epinephrine
A hormone of the adrenal gland that counteracts anaphylactic shock by opening the airways and maintaining heartbeat and blood pressure
Anaphylactic Shock
A life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
Food Intolerance
An adverse reaction to a food or food additive not involving an immune response
Allergy
An immune reaction to a foreign substance, such as a component of food; also called hypersensitivity by researchers
Pressure Ulcers
Damage to the skin and underlying tissues as a result of unrelieved compression and poor circulation to an area; also called bed sores
Dental Cavities
Decay of teeth
Longevity
Long duration of life
Life Expectancy
The average number of years lived by people in a given society
Food Neophobia
The fear of trying new foods, common among toddlers
Senile Dementia
The loss of brain function beyond the normal loss of physical adeptness and memory that occurs with aging
Growth Spurt
The marked rapid gain in physical size usually evident around the onset of adolescence
Life Span
The maximum number of years of life attainable by a member of a species
Adolescence
The period from the beginning of puberty until maturity
Competitive Foods
Unregulated meals, including fast foods, that compete side-by-side with USDA-regulated school lunches