Nutrition Ch 10

Premature infants and people recovering from serious diseases and injuries may have a conditional need for

carnitine

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its ____ function.

coenzyme

Three leading causes of cancer death for women are ______

colorectum cancer lung and bronchus cancer breast cancer

What is present in fruits and vegetables, has antioxidant activity, and may help prevent cancer?

phytochemicals vitamin C carotenoids

The British physician, James Lind, designed a very simple experiment that found a cure for ______

scurvy

Anancephaly and _____ ______ may occur if a woman's diet is low in folate

spina bifida

Vitamin B-12 absorbs more readily in its _____ form because the vitamin is not attached to an animal protein

synthetic

Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?

synthetic form of vitamin B-12

Although plants do not contain _____ , vegetarians do not develop a deficiency of this compound, suggesting that it isn't essential.

taurine

A total parenteral solution is a liquid mixture

that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally and is administered intravenously.

Which of the following are functions of vitamin C?

Collagen synthesis Immune system functioning

Which vitamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because it is readily excreted in urine?

Thiamin

Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates?

Thiamin

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates

Thiamin

Inositol may be conditionally essential in

certain cancers. diabetes. multiple sclerosis.

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

citrus fruits broccoli strawberries

Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the body because

excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine.

The synthetic form of folate is called _____ ______

folic acid

Intestinal enzymes are necessary to remove ___________ from naturally-occurring folate

glutamates

Good sources of pantothenic acid are

sunflower seeds. chicken liver. mushrooms.

Good sources of pantothenic acid are

sunflower seeds. mushrooms. chicken liver.

Why is lecithin added to certain foods?

to help keep watery and fatty ingredients mixed

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Anemia Dermatitis Convulsions

Cells require vitamin ________ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are all signs of a vitamin ______ deficiency

B-6

What are some food sources of vitamin B-6?

Beef Walnuts Salmon

Which of the following are food sources of niacin?

Beef liver Tuna Salmon

Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, ____ is rare.

Biotin

Intestinal bacteria can produce which vitamin?

Biotin

Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin _____

C

A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is _____

Cancer

Aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risk factors for ___

Cancer

People who consume two or more alcoholic drinks daily have higher risks for _____ of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, liver, breast, colon, and rectum.

Cancer

Niacin participates in which of the following?

Energy metabolism

True or false: Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common

False

True or false: Taurine is found in fruits and vegetables.

False

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

Fat-soluble

A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects

Folate

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

Fruits and vegetables

_____ is a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood

Homocysteine

A vitamin-like compound that may be conditionally essential in diabetes is ____

Inositol

What British physician discovered a cure for Scurvy?

James Lind

_____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product.

Lecithin

The vitamin-like compound that removes carbon dioxide from compounds is _____ ______

Lipoic Acid

What are some good food sources of folate?

Liver Asparagus Leafy vegetables

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

Niacin

Although rare, deficiencies of the vitamin _____ ______may cause headaches, fatigue and impaired muscle coordination

Pantothenic acid

Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?

Riboflavin

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin

_____ is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt, and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin.

Riboflavin

Because it is produced by intestinal bacteria and found in a wide variety of foods, a deficiency of the B vitamin, _______ is rare

biotin

Which of the following are risk factors for cancer?

Using tobacco Family history Aging

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin?

Vitamin B-12

______ plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine

Vitamin B-6

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

Vitamin C

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Yogurt Milk Spinach

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds

Certain substances in foods and beverages promote cancer development. ________, a component of many drinks, is an example of a carcinogen

alcohol

In the United States, people at risk for niacin deficiency include those with

anorexia nervosa. alcoholism. tryptophan metabolism disorder.

One role of lipoic acid in the body is with

antioxidants

The American Cancer Society recommends you do the following in order to reduce cancer risk.

avoid exposure to tobacco maintain a healthy weight become physically active

True or false: Carnitine has been proven to be a useful aid for exercise and weight loss.

false

True or false: Taurine is found in fruits and vegetables.

false

The ____ -soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess _____-soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine.

fat; water

Biotin's roles in the body includes ______.

fatty acid synthesis glucose synthesis amino acid breakdown

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

fatty acid synthesis. energy metabolism.

Liver, legumes, broccoli, and orange juice are all good sources of

folate

Match the vitamin to its correct description. Instructions

folate ===> A B vitamin found naturally in foods folic acid ===>manmade version sold as supplements and added to foods

____ ____ is more bioavailable than the naturally occurring folate.

folic acid

Which foods contain the richest sources of folate?

fortified cereals enriched grains

Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include

glossitis. cheilosis.

A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as ______ .

glossitis; ariboflavinosis

Biotin's roles in the body includes ______.

glucose synthesis amino acid breakdown fatty acid synthesis

A healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include

limiting consumption of red meat. increasing your intake of fruits. increasing your intake of whole grains.

Three leading causes of cancer death for men are ______.

lung and bronchus prostate colorectum

High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the

lungs. esophagus. stomach.

What are some major food sources of vitamin B-12?

meat poultry milk

Choose functions of pantothenic acid.

needed for fatty acid synthesis releases energy from macronutrients component of coenzyme A

People with a disorder that disrupts tryptophan metabolism may have a deficiency of ______

niacin

Salmon, tuna, mushrooms, and enriched breads are all good sources of

niacin

Choose the vitamins that are classified as water-soluble.

niacin folate pantothenic acid biotin

Choose the statements that are true about cancer.

occurs when damage occurs to genes a group of chronic diseases

Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because

of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage.

Although rare, deficiencies of the vitamin _____ _______ may cause headaches, fatigue and impaired muscle coordination.

pantothenic acid

Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of

pantothenic acid

Burning feet syndrome may be a sign of a deficiency of

pantothenic acid.

A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a

total parenteral nutrition

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

used as coenzymes.

Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______

vitamin B-12

Vegans need to be concerned about getting an adequate intake of ______ because plant foods are not good food sources of this micronutrient

vitamin B-12

Which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate?

vitamin B-12

Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.

vitamin B-6

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins

water-soluble