Nutrition Chapter 1 Study Guide

Consider an epidemiological study that investigates the relationship between fish intake and cancer risk. Which of the following statements is TRUE about this study design?

The findings of this study may suggest a relationship between fish intake and cancer risk and there is no intervention involved in this type of study.

All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT: They are categorized into simple and complex carbohydrates. They help regulate bowel function. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide more calories than protein.

They provide more calories than protein

Linda takes calcium and vitamin D supplements but is worried about increasing her risk for kidney stones. Which of the following standards will provide Linda with the information necessary to determine the maximum amount of nutrients that would be safe for her to consume without the risk of side effects?

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, what is the recommendation for protein intake?

10%-35%

David is a football player consuming a high-calorie diet. His daily caloric intake is set at 4,500 kilocalories with the following macronutrient distribution: 45% carbohydrate, 18% fat, and the rest from protein. How many grams of protein is David's diet providing? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

416 grams

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range recommends that carbohydrates contribute _____ of daily calories.

45%-65%

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, 20% to 35% of the total daily caloric intake should come from fat. If Marcus is on a 3500-kilocalorie diet, how many kilocalories should he obtain from dietary fat?

700- 1225 Kilocalories

John and his wife are celebrating their first wedding anniversary. Their dinner consists of 55 grams of carbohydrates, 36 grams of protein, 27 grams of fat, and 18 grams of alcohol. What is the total caloric value of their meal?

733 kilocalories

Sarah is making a pound cake for a bake sale. Of the 2,400 total kilocalories for the entire cake, 30% come from fat. How many grams of fat are there in the cake?

80 grams

Compared with the Estimated Average Requirement, the Recommended Dietary Allowances for nutrients are set at _____ level.

A much higher

An animal study is being conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C on the development of common cold. The researcher gives one group of rats the vitamin C pills, and the other group of rats gets the "dummy" pill (placebo). The rats that received the placebo would be called the:

Control group

Fat-soluble vitamins include:

Vitamins A, D, E, K

Which of the following macronutrients is the preferred fuel for the brain and red blood cells?

carbohydrates, GLUCOSE

Minerals are nonessential nutrients and provide 4 kilocalories per gram.

false

Phytochemicals are found in all protein-rich foods, including chicken, eggs, and fish.

false

Susan wants to enhance her immunity during the flu season. Which of the following would be the LEAST credible source of information? a recent peer-reviewed article on zinc from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. guidelines on flu prevention on the website yourhealth.com. advice from a registered dietitian. flu-prevention strategies provided by your doctor. CDC guidelines on their website

guidelines on flu prevention on the website yourhealth.com.

The risk of adverse effects associated with intake of a nutrient:

increases at levels below the RDA and above the UL

What is the standard unit used to measure food energy?

kilocalories

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin? folate lycopene niacin riboflavin

lycopene

What is the correct sequence of steps in following the scientific method to conduct research?

make observations, propose hypothesis, conduct experiment, develop a theory

Which of the following is the only animal product with significant carbohydrate?

milk

The composition of proteins is different from that of carbohydrates due to the presence of:

nitrogen

The effect of food on a person's genes is known as:

nutritional genomics

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential nutrient? carbohydrates proteins water Fats phytochemicals

phytochemicals

Which of the following diseases is NOT related to diet?

pneumonia

Minerals are classified into "major" and "trace" minerals. Which of the following lists includes only contains major minerals?

potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium

According to findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES):

snacks provide about one-quarter of daily calories. at least 85% of Americans do not consume enough red, orange, or deep-green vegetables or legumes. 75% of Americans do not consume enough fruit to meet current recommendations. about 85% of adults and children exceed limits for empty calorie foods. A: All of the following are correct

Nutrients are classified into macronutrients and micronutrients. All of the following are macronutrients EXCEPT:

sodium and iron

Consider the 10 leading causes of death in the United States. Which of the following lists includes diet-related causes within the 10 leading causes?

Heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes

A program of studies to systematically assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the United States is the:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: (NHANES)

A study is conducted to see if a daily exercise intervention affects blood pressure among people with pre-hypertension. One hundred participants are recruited to participate, and half are randomly assigned to participate in the intervention while the others serve as a control group. What study design is being used?

Randomized controlled trial

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of nearly 98% of healthy individuals is called the:

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

The carbohydrate family includes:

Sugar, starch, and fiber

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of Americans are meeting recommendations for whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

False;

The standard that provides recommendations for healthy ranges of energy-yielding macronutrients is termed the:

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body in sufficient quantities and that must be obtained from food is a/an:

Essential Nutrient

The standard that represents the average nutrient intake estimated to meet the daily requirements of 50% of healthy individuals is called the:

Estimated Average Requirement

It is likely that intake of a nutrient is both adequate and safe if:

Intake for the nutrient falls between the RDA and UL

Which of the following foods is rich in protein?

Legumes

An individual consumes significantly more than the recommended daily allowance for added sugar intake. What aspect of a healthy diet is the person missing?

Moderation

Which of the following is TRUE about the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey? Participants chosen to participate in the study must travel to the state capital to visit the Mobile Examination Center. In-home health interviews are used as part of the NHANES protocol. Dietary information is collected by conducting a 24-hour recall survey. Each year, a representative sample of 5000 Americans from across the United States is selected to participate in NHANES. Blood, urine, and DNA samples are routinely collected at the NHANES Mobile Examination Center.

Participants chosen to participate in the study must travel to the state capital to visit the Mobile Examination Center.

What is the primary form of fat in our bodies?

triglycerides

Iron deficiency is a form of malnutrition.

true

Micronutrients are those that are required in small quantities. Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient? vitamin K zinc fiber iodine vitamin D

vitamin K