Nutrition Chapter 13
copper
this mineral is needed for oxidation reactions and reducing free radical damage, is part of the enzyme that reduces iron to ferric form, assists in energy production, synthesizes melanin, and plays a role in blood clotting and maintaining a healthy immune system
selenium
this mineral is required by the thyroid, plays an antioxidant role and may help fight cancer
fluoride
this mineral maintains healthy teeth and bones
iron
this mineral participates in oxidation-reduction reactions, is a major component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, participates in energy metabolism, immune function, is needed for brain function
selenium
toxicity of this mineral causes brittle nails and hair, both of which may fall out, stomach and intestinal discomfort, skin rash, garlicky breath, fatigue, and damage to the nervous system
zinc
toxicity of this mineral causes stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, interference with copper absorption, immune system suppression, and lower HDL cholesterol
copper
toxicity of this mineral causes stomach pains and cramps, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and liver damage
iodine
toxicity of this mineral impairs thyroid function and reduces synthesis and release of thyroxine
molybdenum
toxicity of this mineral is shown to cause reproductive problems and kidney disorders in animals
iron
toxicity of this mineral leads to constipation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, stimulates free radical production, may contribute to heart disease, and may increase risk for cancer
manganese
toxicity of this mineral may damage the nervous system and have symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease
chromium
toxicity of this mineral may reduce absorption, transportation, and utilization of iron
true
true or false: the amount of trace minerals in plants depends on the amount contained in the soil in which the plant was grown
iron
what is the most abundant mineral on earth, and the most abundant trace mineral in the body?
95
______% of iron in the body is recycled and reused
fluorosis
a condition caused by a high level of fluoride which results in staining and pitting in the teeth
iron-deficiency anemia
a condition resulting from a reduced number of RBCs or hemoglobin in the blood; results in fatigue and pallor of the skin
iron
a deficiency in this mineral leads to fatigue, pale skin, irritability, shortness of breath, sore tongue, brittle nails, pica, headache in the frontal lobe, blue tinge to whites of eyes, decreased appetite
fluoride
a deficiency of this mineral causes increased susceptibility to dental caries
fluoride
a toxicity of this mineral leads to fluorosis in teeth and bones
zinc
deficiency of this mineral causes delayed growth in kids, hair loss, loss of appetite, impaired sense of taste, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, and skin rash
copper
deficiency of this mineral causes fatigue and weakness, but is very rare as people typically exceed the RDA
iodine
deficiency of this mineral causes goiter and cretinism
manganese
deficiency of this mineral is rare but may cause a rash and scaly skin
chromium
deficiency of this mineral is rare in the US, but may increase blood glucose and fatty acids
selenium
deficiency of this mineral may trigger keshan disease, damage the heart, and possibly change thyroid hormone
trace minerals
minerals needed by the body in amounts less than 5g
iron
the deficiency of this mineral is the most common nutrient deficiency around the world
iodide
the form of iodine that is part of thyroid hormones
non-heme iron
the form of iron found in plant sources and elemental iron in animal sources
heme iron
the readily absorbable form of iron found in animal products primarily associated with hemoglobin and myoglobin
chromium
this mineral helps insulin in the body, may prevent or improve metabolic syndrome, but does not improve weight or body composition
molybdenum
this mineral is a cofactor for a variety of metalloenzymes, and takes part in oxidation-reduction reactions
manganese
this mineral is a cofactor for a variety of metalloenzymes, participates in the formation of bone matrix, and helps build cartilage supporting joints
Zinc
this mineral is found in very small amounts in almost every body cell, is involved in the function of more than 100 metalloenzymes, helps wounds heal, needed for DNA and RNA synthesis, keeps immune system healthy, improves taste perception, and may prevent age-related macular degeneration