Nutrition Chapter 6

-Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. -Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. -It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required.

protein needs in athletes

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

amino acids

a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances

antibody

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU) should limit their intake of foods containing:

aspartame

A measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of nitrogen retained in the body with the amount absorbed from the diet is called the:

biological value.

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

break large polypeptides into smaller peptides.

Protein complementation is a technique which:

combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met

provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis

complete dietary protein

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein:

contains the element nitrogen.

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed:

essential

nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods

fiber

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is:

grains and vegetables

Protein quality is determined by:

how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

Positive nitrogen balance can occur:

in a rapidly growing child.

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:

is absorbed without being completely digested.

present in short supply relative to the body's need

limiting amino acid

Adverse reactions including flushing, headache, rapid heartbeat, chest pain and weakness have been reported after the consumption of:

monosodium glutamate

The amount of ______ used by the body is estimated by calculating nitrogen losses.

protein

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

severe protein deficiency in young children.

Food allergies involve an interaction between a dietary protein and:

the immune system

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

wasting and increased susceptibility to infection.

Of ____ amino acids commonly found in food proteins, ____ are dispensible.

-20 -11

Proteins regulate

-Acid-base balance -Fluid balance -Muscle contraction

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

-Iron and zinc -Vitamin B12 -Calcium and vitamin D

functions performed by proteins in the body

-Transport -Structure -Immunity

Protein requirements are in part based on a person's:

-body weight. -age. -health status.

Vegetarians have a lower risk of:

-diabetes. -cardiovascular disease. -high blood pressure.

The AMDR for protein intake is _______% of energy intake.

10-35

Which group has the highest protein requirement (per unit of body weight)?

Infants

likely to result from a chronic deficiency of protein and energy

Marasmus