Nutrition Chapter 6: Lipids DR AL

Lipoprotein lipase functions to ________. A)absorb fatty acids and glycerol into the lymph B)reassemble chylomicrons into lipoproteins C)break down triglycerides from lipoproteins for transfer into cells D)break down diglycerides into cholesterol for transfer into cells

break down triglycerides from lipoproteins for transfer into cells

The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A)build and repair tissue B)cushion and protect vital organs C)insulate the body D)transport fat-soluble vitamins

build and repair tissues

Saturated fatty acids predominate in which of the following lipids? A)Canola oil B)Safflower oil C)Butter D)Olive oil

butter

Excessive amounts of omega-3 fatty acids can ________. A)impair the immune system B)cause excessive bleeding C)cause hemorrhagic stroke D)All of these choices are correct. E)None of these choices are correct.

cause excessive bleeding

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the principal transport vehicle for _______ in the blood. A)glucose B)triglycerides C)phospholipids D)cholesterol E)free fatty acids

cholesterol

In the Mediterranean Diet, the majority of fat in the diet is supplied by ________. A)olive oil and olives B)red meat C)eggs D)dairy E)cheese

olive oil and olives

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is associated with A)glucose metabolism. B)omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. C)omega-6 fatty acid metabolism. D)cholesterol metabolism.

omega-3 fatty acid metabolism

Arachidonic acid is associated with ________. A)glucose metabolism B)omega-3 fatty acid metabolism C)omega-6 fatty acid metabolism D)cholesterol metabolism

omega-6 fatty acid metabolism

Which of the following blood levels of LDL cholesterol would increase risk for cardiovascular disease for an otherwise healthy adult? A)100 mg/dl or less B)130 mg/dl or less C)130-159 mg/dl D)over 160 mg/dl

over 160 mg/dl

Lecithin is classified as a ________. A)triglyceride B)phospholipid C)sterol D)fatty acid

phospholipid

Which of the following fats and oils provides the most polyunsaturated fatty acids? A)Olive oil B)Butter C)Soybean oil D)Lard

soybean oil

Eicosanoids are A)responsible for fat transport in the bloodstream. B)proteins that actlike fat. C)part of an omega-9 fatty acid. D)substances that produce diverse hormone-like effects on the body.

substances that produce diverse hormone-like effects on the body

Lipoproteins are important for ________. A)transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system B)synthesis of triglycerides C)synthesis of adipose tissue D)None of these choices are correct.

transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system

Lingual lipase breaks down ________. A)triglycerides B)proteins C)carbohydrates D)None of these choices are correct.

triglycerides

Blockage of a major artery is caused by a blood clot. These clots may form when ________. A)cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls B)HDL invades artery walls C)the dietary intake of cholesterol is less than 200 mg per day D)LDL fails to remove cholesterol from artery walls

cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls

Most experts agree thattotal dietary cholesterol intake should be limited to _______ mg per day. A)200 B)300 C)400 D)500

300

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that total fat intake should not exceed __________ of total calories and saturated fat intake be limited to _______ of total calories. A) 20%; 1% B) 20%; 5% C) 35%; 10% D) 50%; 10%

35%; 10%

Which of the following is considered a desirable blood level for totalcholesterol? A)200 mg/dl orless B)300 mg/dl orless C)400 mg/dl orless D)500 mg/dl orless

500 mg/dl orless

Mike has been told to reduce his fat intake to less than 30% of his total calories. It has been recommended to him that he consume an average of 2000 calories per day. How many grams of fat should he consume per day? A)76 grams B)67 grams C)80 grams D)93 grams

67 grams

Which essential fatty acid is responsible for lowering the risk of coronary heart disease? A)Alpha-linolenic B)Linoleic C)Omega-6 fatty acids D)Omega-9 fatty acids E)None of thesechoices are correct.

Alpha-linolenic

Which apolipoprotein is responsible for activating lipoprotein lipase? A)Apo B-48 B)Apo C-II C)Apo C D)Apo B-100

Apo C-II

LDL clearance in the plasma is mediated via the ______ receptor. A) B-48 B) B-100 C) CII D) A

B-100

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile? A)Cholesterol B)Alpha-linoleic acid C)Eicosinoids D)Saturated fat

Cholesterol

Immediately after a meal, newly digested and absorbed dietary fats appear in the lymph, and then the blood, as a part of which of the following? A)LDL B)HDL C)Chylomicrons D)Cholesterol

Chylomicrons

High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. A)LDL B)HDL C)total cholesterol D)triglycerides

HDL

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest proportion of protein? A)LDL B)VLDL C)HDL D)Chylomicrons

HDL

What is a common function of plant sterols? A)Raise LDL and lower HDL B)Inhibit absorption of dietary cholesterol C)Inhibit absorption of"bad"cholesterol D)Enhance absorption of omega-3 fatty acids

Inhibit absorption of dietary cholesterol

Which of the following would be seen on a blood lipid profile of a patient who was recommended to make dietary changes to reduce his or her risk for cardiovascular disease? A)Low LDL and high HDL B)Low HDL and high LDL C)Low VLDL and high HDL D)Low LDL and low HDL

Low HDL and high LDL

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to tissues? A)Chylomicron B)Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) C)High-density lipoprotein (HDL) D)Chylomicron remnant

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of the following groups of foods would contribute a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the diet? A)Olive oil, peanuts, and almonds B)Beef franks, bologna, and ham C)Carrots, beets, and peppers D)Bacon, eggs, and butter

Olive oil, peanuts, and almonds

Individuals with bleeding disorders taking anticoagulants or scheduling surgery should be cautious about which supplement? A)Omega-6 fatty acids B)Omega-9 fatty acids C)Omega-3 fatty acids D)None of these responses are correct.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following correctly characterizes lipids? A)They do not dissolve in water. B)They containcarbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. C)They dissolve in water. D)They are all classified as sterols.

They do not dissolve in water

Which is correct regarding trans fatty acids? A)They raise HDL and LDL cholesterol. B)They lower LDL cholesterol. C)They raise blood cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol. D)They raise blood glucose.

They raise blood cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol.

Which of the following is a risk factor for heart disease? A)Total bloodcholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dl B)LDL level lowerthan 100 mg/dl C)Vigorous physicalactivity D)HDL level greater than 60 mg/dl

Total bloodcholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dl

In what form is most body fat stored? A)Cholesterol B)Phospholipids C)Triglycerides D)None of these responses are correct

Triglycerides

A diet designed to reduce elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels ________. A)is low in saturated fats B)is reduced in dietary cholesterol C)provides adequate amounts of soluble fiber D)All of these choices are correct.

all are correct

Monounsaturated fatty acids ________. A)are liquid at room temperature B)have one double bond in the fatty acid chain C)lower cholesterol D)All of these responses are correct.

all are correct

Cholesterol is ________. A)not essential in the diet; the human body can synthesize it B)not found in foods of plant origin C)an important part of human cell membranes and is necessary to make some hormones D)All of these choices are correct.

all of these are correct

The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the U.S. diet include ________. A)whole grains B)sunflower, soybean, and safflower oils C)lecithins D)animal products

animal products

All of the following are ways in which fatty acids can differ from one another EXCEPT ________. A)number of double bonds B)degree of saturation C)chain length D)average number of calories per gram

average number of calories per gram

All the following are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids EXCEPT ________. A)walnuts B)salmon C)avocados D)flaxseed oil

avocados

A stroke ________. A)blocks blood flow in the brain B)reduces blood flow in the heart C)reduces blood flow to the gut D)is not associated with fats or lipids

blocks blood flow in the brain

Recommendations suggest that we consume approximately 20% of our fat as monounsaturated fats. All of the following would be appropriate to use to achieve this goal EXCEPT ________. A)peanut oil B)canola oil C)coconut oil D)olive oil

coconut oil

Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they ________. A)are unnatural and only form during fat processing B)cause excessive blood clotting C)elevate LDL levels, while decreasing HDL D)cause sudden cardiac arrest in post-menopausal women

elevate LDL levels, while decreasing HDL

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids. A)essential B)nonessential C)saturated D)trans

essential

Phospholipids consist of ________. A)glycerol and three fatty acids B)glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate C)multiple chemical rings D)chylomicrons

glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate

Fats that are liquid at room temperature can be made more solid by the process of ________. A)saponification B)hydrogenation C)emulsification D)calcification

hydrogenation

Margarine is usually made by a process called ________, in which hydrogen atoms are added to double covalent bonds in the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in vegetable oils. A)saturation B)isomerization C)esterification D)hydrogenation

hydrogenation

All of the following are uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT ________. A)gender B)age C)genetics D)hypertension

hypertension

Excessive intakes of saturated fattyacids tend to ________. A)increase cholesterol deposited in arteries B)decrease cholesterol levels in the veins C)be of no concern to heart disease D)increase HDL levels in the blood

increase cholesterol deposited in arteries

Lipids with high polyunsaturatd fatty acid content aregenerally ____________ at room temperature. A)solid B)liquid C)warm D)gaseous

liquid

Fat digestion begins in the ________. A)intestines B)stomach C)mouth D)liver

mouth

How many hydrogen atoms are attached to each carbon participating in a double bond? A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

1

High-density lipoproteins function in lipid transport by ________. A)delivering cholesterol to target cells throughout the body B)picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal C)slowly carrying newly synthesized fats from the liver to various body cells D)moving newly absorbed dietary fat through the intestinal wall

picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal

Ergosterol is a type of sterol found in ________. A)eggs B)meat C)plants D)None of the above are correct.

plants

A fatty acid with 10 carbons will be absorbed via the ________. A)lymphatic system B)portal system C)kidney system D)None of the above are correct.

portal system

Which of the following food sources would have the softest fats at room temperature? A)Lard B)Butter C)Chicken D)Safflower

safflower

Lard, butter, and cream are rich sources of ________. A) saturated fatty acids B) monounsaturated fatty acids C) polyunsaturated fatty acids D) trans fatty acids

saturated fatty acids

The ____ pathway for LDL uptake is a means by which LDL contributes to plaque formation in blood vessels. A)receptor B)atherosclerotic C)intermediate D)scavenger

scavenger

Oxidized LDL in the blood is picked up by the ________. A)B100 receptor B)scavenger pathway C)B48 receptor D)no cell can pick up oxidized LDL.

scavenger pathway

According to guidelines from the American Heart Association for the general population, saturated fats ________. A)should constitute no more than 7% of total energy in the diet B)are quite visible in foods, so they should be eliminated from the diet to reduce risk of heart disease' C)are only a health risk if they come from a food that has been fried D)are only a health risk if they come from gravies, desserts, and dairy products

should constitute no more than 7% of total energy in the diet

Lipids with high saturated fatty acid content aregenerally ____________ at room temperature. A)solid B)liquid C)warm D)gaseous

solid

At room temperature, which of the following dietary lipids would turn rancid the fastest? A)Lard B)Peanut oil C)Soybean oil D)Coconut oil

soybean oil