Nutrition chapter 7 fluids and electrolytes

5 types of fluid loss

1 fever-sweating 2 lungs-exhaling 3 urinating 4 fecal defecation 5 evaporation from the skin

What are fluids that protect and lubricate our tissues? *7*

1. CSF 2. Amniotic fluid 3. Synovial 4. Tears 5. Saliva 6. Mucus 7. Pleura

In what 3 ways do electrolytes support body functions?

1. Electrolytes help regulate fluid balance 2. Electrolytes enable our nerves to respond to stimuli 3. Electrolytes signal our muscles to contract

What are four functions of water in our bodies?

1. Fluids dissolve and transport substances 2. Fluids account for blood volume 3. Fluids help maintain body temperature 4. Fluids protect and lubricate our tissues

What are the two types of extracellular fluid?

1. Tissue fluid 2. Intravascular fluid

The thirst mechanism prompts us to feel thirsty whenever it is stimulated by what 3 things? In order

1. increased concentration of salt & dissolved substances in our blood 2. Reduction in blood volume and blood pressure 3. Dryness in the tissues of the mouth and throat

How do fluids help maintain Body temperature? 2 factors

1. water has a high capacity for heat so it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature 2. body fluids are our primary coolant

We need more than _____of major minerals per day

100 mg

How much of a healthy adults body weight is fluid?

Between 50 and 70%

How do fluids account for Blood Volume?

Blood volume is the amount of fluid in the blood, so fluid levels are essential to maintaining fluid volume. If blood volume rises, B/P increases and vice versa.

Within body fluids are dissolved substances called solutes, what four major minerals do solutes contain? Where do we consume these minerals, and what are the mineral salts called?

Chloride, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sodium, in salts, electrolytes

What sets and monitors the standards for public water systems?

Environmental protection agency (EPA

Who is responsible for the regulation of bottled water?

FDA food and drug administration

What are the 3 types of fluids?

Isotonic hypertonic hypotonic

What minerals play a major role in the generation of nerve impulses?

Sodium and potassium

Every cell in our body contains fluid, what does this mean?

When cells lose fluid, they shrink and die. When cells have too much fluid, they swell and burst

repolarization?

When the cell returns to its normal electrical state

Why are electrolytes critical to body functioning?

a positive or negative spark that stimulates nerves and causes muscles to contract.

What is a fluid characterized by?

ability to move freely, adapting to shape of container holding it

Depolarization?

an influx of sodium into the nerve cells, causing the cell to become slightly less negatively charged

What three primary sources do we obtain fluid we need each day?

beverages, food, bodys production of metabolic water

What is insensible water loss?

cannot see such as evaporation from the skin and water continuously exhaled off lungs during breathing

What is an ion?

carries an electrical current

Exercise increases fluid loss via sweat and respiration, but urine production usually _____with exercise and fluid losses increase where?

decreases. skin and lungs

What do calcium and magnesium function as and what do they do?

electrolytes, influence fluid balance and neuromuscular function

Intracellular fluid?

fluid held within the walls of cells

Where is the bodys command center for fluid intake?

hypothalamus

Where does surface water come from? What may contaminate it?

lakes, reservoirs, rivers. runoff from highway, animals pooping

lean tissues such as muscle are how much fluid by weight?

more than 70%

What provides the stimulus for muscle contraction?

movement of calcium into muscles

Can the human body store water? What does this mean?

no, must continuously replace water each day

What predominates in the intracellular fluid?

potassium and phosphate

Extracellular fluid?

remaining 3rd of body fluid, flows outside our cells

What predominates in extracellular fluid?

sodium and chloride

What is the major electrolyte lost in sweat? What is also lost in sweat?

sodium. potassium, iron and calium

How do electrolytes help regulate fluid balance?

solutes is equal on both side of the cell membrane, but if electrolytes was much greater inside the cell, it would draw water inside the cell making it swell. If electrolytes were greater outside the cell it would draw water outside the cell making it shrink.

What happens once the hypothalamus detects changes for thirst?

stimulate release of hormones for kidneys to reduce urine flow and return more water back to blood stream

Why do we sweat?

to lower our body temperature

What is body fluid composed of?

water and salts called electrolytes

What is metabolic water? This water contributes ______of the water the body needs each day

water formed from bodys metabolic reactions, 10-14%

What happens to our fluids when the water content of the environment is low?

water from body evaporates into dry air, high altitudes increase fluid loss b/c we breathe faster

How do fluids dissolve and transport substances?

water is a solvent so it dissolves many substances. Blood is mostly water so it can transport many solvents but on the other hand, fats dont dissolve in water so to overcome this lipids and fat soluble vitamins attach to water soluble proteins to be transported in the blood.

What is sensible water loss?

what we can see, UO, sweating