Nutrition Chapter 8

The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.

True

Whether a person develops osteoporosis seems to depend partly on heredity and partly on the environment, including nutrition.

True

How much sodium is consumed by a person who eats two grams of salt? A. 400 mg B. 800 mg C. 1000 mg D. 1200 mg

B

If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result? A. Reduced absorption rate of calcium by the body B. No change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled form the bones C. A gain of body weight D. Lowered levels of calcium in the blood because the calcium in bone cannot be withdrawn

B

Is there a possibility of harm to the body in healthy people with high intakes of iron? A. Yes, if they include large servings of fortified grains and cereals B. No, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed C. Yes, because of high intakes of vitamin C supplements by many people D. No, because non-heme iron blocks the absorption of heme iron

B

Low blood selenium correlates with development of: A. Breast cancer B. Prostate cancer C. Stomach cancer D. Colon cancer

B

Osteoporosis is most often associated with: A. Heavier body weights B. Underweight C. Higher body fatness D. Exercise

B

Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient: A. Fat B. Protein C. Carbohydrate D. Vitamins

B

What effect does zinc deficiency have on the body? A. It has a very small effect because zinc has only a limited role in the body B. It impairs the immune response, leading to increased infections C. It increases metabolism and causes an increase in appetite leading to weight gain D. Iron absorption will be reduced because it needs zinc for transport

B

Which of the following agencies is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for protection of public health? A. Food and Drug Administration B. Environmental Protection Agency C. Food Safety and Inspection Service D. World Health Organization

B

Which of the following is an accurate statement about calcium supplements for bone health? A. It is difficult for young women to get enough dietary calcium, so they need a supplement B. Calcium-fortified orange juice provides an easily absorbed form of calcium C. Calcium supplements are absorbed more readily than calcium in milk D. There are no toxicity concerns with taking large amounts of calcium in supplement form

B

Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized? A. Iron B. Iodine C. Zinc D. Fluoride

B

The principal food source of chloride is: A. Salt B. Animal products C. Plants D. Grains

A

A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following except: A. Increase her intake of meat protein B. Reduce her sodium intake C. Limit her intake of regular cola drinks D. Participate in regular weight bearing exercise

A

Chromium works closely with: A. Insulin B. Collagen C. Hemoglobin D. Enzymes

A

During an exercise activity the body will cool down by: A. Sweating to carry heat away from the surface of the body B. Increasing urination to carry heat away through the kidneys C. Drawing the blood away from the surface of the skin to let the body core cool it D. Using the water from metabolism to cool the body core

A

The most beneficial source of fluid for us to consume is: A. Plain drinking water, because it is readily available B. Carbonated beverages, because they have good flavor C. Tea or coffee, because caffeine helps maintain fluid in the body D. Fruit juice, because it has additional nutrients we need

A

Which of the following groups absorbs the least amount of calcium? A. Adults B. Children C. Infants D. Pregnant women

A

Which of the following is true about groundwater as a drinking water supply? A. It comes from deep, protected underground aquifers B. It is protected from new contaminants C. Contaminants break down very quickly underground D. Fast movement and aeration help keep it clean

A

Which of the following minerals hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth and makes the enamel resistant to decay? A. Fluoride B. Phosphorus C. Calcium D. Chloride

A

Which of the following statements about selenium levels in the body is accurate? A. Men with high blood levels of selenium from taking supplements have decreased cancer risk B. Selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage C. There is no danger of toxicity when taking selenium in supplements D. It is difficult to obtain enough selenium from foods in the diet

B

Which of the following would you consume with a food source of iron in order to facilitate iron absorption? A. Tea and a soy protein hamburger B. Tomato and meat, fish, or poultry C. Coffee and wheat bran muffins D. Calcium supplement and whole-wheat bread

B

A friend informs you that she is planning to purchase a water softener. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for you to make to your friend? A. Hard water makes more bubbles with less soap than soft water is more desirable B. Soft water leaves a ring in the tub and a gray residue in the wash, which are undesirable C. Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension and heart disease, which is undesirable D. Soft water has higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium than hard water, which is desirable

C

For women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range, the calcium DRI is _____ milligrams. A. 600 B. 800 C. 1000 D. 1200

C

It is critical for body cells to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance by: A. Increasing intake of sodium when a person becomes dehydrated B. Allowing minerals to slip freely across the cell membranes C. Having water move from dilute fluid outside the cell into concentrated fluid D. Keeping the majority of water outside the cells

C

The DASH diet is more effective in reducing blood pressure than just decreasing sodium alone because it includes which of the following guidelines? A. Reduce the intake of dairy products B. Add moderate amounts of salt to prepared foods C. Greatly increase intakes of fruits and vegetables D. Eliminate grain products from the diet

C

The best way to obtain the calcium you need is to: A. Consume more spinach, rhubarb, and Swiss chard B. Eat more cottage cheese and frozen yogurt C. Consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt D. Consume more cream cheese butter, and cream

C

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is: A. Potassium B. Chloride C. Sodium D. Calcium

C

When trying to get adequate iron intake in your diet it is helpful to: A. Eat non-heme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently B. Consider adding supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods C. Combine vitamin C foods with non-heme iron to increase absorption D. Avoid combining heme-iron foods with non-heme-iron foods in the same meal

C

When your body gives the thirst signal it is important to: A. Consider drinking fluids in the near future to prevent dehydration B. Ignore the signal because you just had a large glass of water C. Drink fluids to relieve the symptoms of dehydration D. Drink large volumes of plain water to prevent water intoxication

C

Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc? A. Legumes B. Whole grain bread C. Shellfish D. Spinach

C

Which of the following foods provides the least amount of available zinc? A. Meats B. Poultry C. Legumes D. Shellfish

C

Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight? A. Major minerals B. Protein C. Water D. Trace minerals

C

Which of the following statements is true? A. People develop their peak bone mass during the first four decades of life B. The skeleton no longer adds to bone density after 20 years of age C. The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake D. People do not need calcium throughout life

C

A person is consuming 1000 mg a day of sodium preservatives in processed foods along with 2000 milligrams of added salt from the salt shaker on his foods. Is this less than the UL for sodium established by the DRI committee? A. No, 3000 total mg of sodium exceeds the UL B. Yes, 3000 total mg of sodium is within the UL C. No, 1800 total mg of sodium exceeds the UL D. yes, 1800 total mg of sodium is within the UL

D

A person's absorption of calcium varies based on: A. Age B. Vitamin D status C. Gender D. A and B E. B and C

D

Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium. A. 500 B. 1200 C. 2400 D. 3400

D

Bone strength in later life depends on: A. The increased calcium absorption in the elderly B. The increased production of estrogen after menopause C. Reducing physical activity to protect bones D. The formation of dense bones during youth

D

Growing children and teens absorb about _____ percent of ingested calcium. A. 10 B. 30 C. 40 D. 60

D

Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to: A. Increase bone density B. Maintain acid base balance in the cells C. Control blood glucose levels D. Help muscles contract and relax

D

Many people today are drinking bottled water because they believe it is safer than tap water. Which of the following statements is accurate? A. Bottled water has been withdrawn form an underwater spring so it is naturally pure B. All bottled water has been filtered by the manufacturer to remove contaminants C. The water's mineral content is listed on the bottle label D. At least a quarter of the bottled water is drawn directly from the tap

D

The more processed a food: A. The more sodium it contains B. The less potassium it contains C. The less sodium it contains D. A and B E. B and C

D

Water assists in: A. Temperature regulation B. Shock protection C. Acid-base regulation D. A and B E. B and C

D

Water intake is governed by: A. Thirst B. Sodium intake C. Satiety D. A and C E. B and C

D

What is currently known about the benefits of fluoride in drinking water supplies? A. Bottled water has fluoride added as part of the bottling process B. Scientific evidence has shown that communities with fluoridated water have higher cancer rates C. Very few communities in the U.S. have fluoridated water D. In communities where fluoride is lacking in the water there is a very high dental decay rate

D

Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside the body cells? A. Calcium B. Sodium C. Magnesium D. Potassium

D

Hard water has high concentrations of: A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Magnesium D. A and B E. B and C

E

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase the body's water content.

True

Authorities recommend foods as a source of calcium in preference to calcium supplements.

True

High salt intakes among Asian people have been linked with their high rates of stomach cancer.

True