Nutrition Chapter 8 Water and electrolytes

What is the maximum amount of daily caffeine intake that does not have a negative effect on fluid balance? a. 300 mg b. 350 mg c. 400 mg d. 450 mg

a. 300 mg

What are two factors associated with a lower percentage of body water? a. being older and having a large amount of body fat b. being male and having a low body weight c. being older and having a large amount of muscle mass d. being female and having a large amount of muscle mass

a. being older and having a large amount of body fat

What tissue is approximately 10 percent water? a. fat b. muscle c. bone d. blood plasma

a. fat

After training and performance, what is the recommended fluid consumption per kg of body weight lost, beginning as soon after exercise as is practical? a. 0.5-1 L b. 1.25-1.5 L c. 1.5-2 L d. 2.0-2.5 L

b. 1.25-1.5 L

Individuals should consume fluids containing carbohydrates and sodium after exercising continuously for how many hours? a. 1 hour b. 2 hours c. 3 hours d. 4 hours

b. 2 hours

What are two factors that can affect an individual's sweat rate? a. macronutrient intake and training status of the individual b. environmental conditions and training status of the individual c. vitamin and macronutrient intake d. environmental conditions and diet before competition

b. environmental conditions and training status of the individual

What condition results from increasing core temperature and deteriorating thermoregulatory control? a. hypertrophy b. hyperthermia c. hyperinsulinemia d. hyperhydration

b. hyperthermia

Which of the following is an anion involved in fluid balance? a. magnesium b. phosphate c. sodium d. calcium

b. phosphate

Before consuming sports drinks during an event, athletes should experiment with them during training because the content of what macronutrient can result in gastrointestinal distress? a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrate d. alcohol

c. carbohydrate

What type of solution occurs when the concentration of all solutes is greater outside than inside the cell? a. tonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic d. isotonic

c. hypotonic

What electrolyte is present in the largest amount in sweat and should be replaced during heavy sweating? a. calcium b. solute c. sodium d. potassium

c. sodium

What is the primary goal for fluid consumption during exercise? a. limit sodium stores b. overconsumption of water to ensure stores are at maximum capacity c. replacing glycogen stores d. delaying dehydration to the extent possible

d. delaying dehydration to the extent possible

When does hypokalemia occur? a. high sodium excretion b. low dietary intake of potassium c. excessive potassium reabsorbed by the kidneys d. substantial potassium loss without replenishment

d. substantial potassium loss without replenishment

Why is it a challenge to maintain hydration during endurance events? a. lack of access to hydration liquids b. a decrease in kidney function during exercise c. an increase in blood pressure during exercise d. sweat rates that exceed gastric emptying and absorption rates

d. sweat rates that exceed gastric emptying and absorption rates

What is one form of insensible water loss? a. urine b. sweat c. feces d. ventilation

d. ventilation