Nutrition Chapter 9

Water makes up ___ of the body's weight, higher in children and those with more muscle mass

60%

True or False: Reflexes are not impaired if your blood alcohol concentration is below the legal limits of intoxication

False, having a measurable amount of alcohol in the blood can mean that judgement and reflexes are impaired

True or False: "Soft" water is healthier than "hard" water

False, soft water is higher in sodium and may increase risk for high blood pressure

What are the main sources of water?

1. Mostly from drinks (water, soda, juice, milk) 2. Also from food (fruits and vegetables are 90% water) 3. Juices are high in sugar 4. Aim for 100% fruit juice, more colorful juices have more nutrients

What is the thirst signal?

1. Sent by the hypothalamus (brain center) when blood becomes too concentrated 2. The signal lags behind the body's actual need

What are the effects of alcohol?

1. Slows reactions and control 2. Meds can increase effects 3. Loss of consciousness or even death 4. Alters balance of sex hormones

What are the roles of water in the body?

1. Transports nutrients and waste products 2. Ensures adequate blood volume

When are fluid needs higher?

during activity, warm climate, humidity

Can caffeine be linked to miscarriages?

limited research suggests that a high amount of caffeine could increase your chances of suffering a miscarriage

Does alcohol metabolize or absorb quicker?

metabolize

Are there caffeine risks for pregnant women?

none that have been proven, but caffeine should still be avoided

Main advantages of bottled water?

taste and convenience, but it often comes from the same reservoir as tap so it's not always safer

How much alcohol is safe for a pregnant woman?

they should avoid it all together because the risk can be too great

How much coffee/caffeine is considered safe for a pregnant woman?

they should limit caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day (12 ounces of coffee)

Dehydration can lead to ___

weakness

True or False: A 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, and a 1-ounce shot of tequila all contain the same amount of alcohol

True

True or False: Caffeine can cross the placenta and enter the fetus

True

True or False: Drinking alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer

True

Alcohol is a ___ and a central nervous ___

sedative, depressant

How caloric is alcohol?

supplies 7 cals/gram (almost twice as much as carbs)

What are the health benefits of tea?

1. Lowers risk of cardiovascular disease 2. Decreases risk of cancer 3. Protects against neurodegenerative diseases

What are the health benefits of alcohol?

1. 1 drink for women per day or 2 drinks for men per day lowers heart disease death rates 2. Benefits appear to be from the alcohol itself (not other components of the drink)

What are the health risks of alcohol?

1. Car accidents - especially in age 45 and under 2. Drug interactions 3. Breast cancer - just one drink per day increases risk for women 4. High blood pressure and strokes 5. Pancreatitis 6. Other forms of cancer

What are the impacts of alcohol on nutrition?

1. Extra calories may lead to weight gain 2. Excessive intake affects nutrition, specifically protein, vitamins, minerals

True or False: Enhanced waters provide an important source of nutrients

False, a balanced diet is usually the best choice

True or False: Bottled water sold in the United States is always cleaner and safer than most tap water

False, depending on the brand, bottled water may itself be tap water

True or False: Energy drinks are regulated and therefore safe to consume

False, energy drinks are not regulated; therefore, manufacturers do not have to prove the safety or efficacy of these products

True or False: Even moderate caffeine users can suffer from withdrawal symptoms if they stop using caffeine cold turkey

True

True or False: Soft drinks sweetened with sugar contribute to empty calorie intake

True

How long can you survive without water?

a few days

How long does it take the body to metabolize one drink?

about 1 hour

Unmetabolized alcohol is detected in the ___ and ___

breath, urine

Tap water has ___ whereas most bottled waters don't

fluoride

What slows absorption?

food

How much alcohol does a woman have to drink to cause fetal alcohol syndrome?

four or more drinks a day

Does fetal alcohol syndrome cause abnormalities to the brain that are reversible or irreversible?

irreversible

Who absorbs more, men or women?

women

Can tea help with Alzheimer's?

yes

Can tea help with cancer?

yes

Can tea help with heart disease?

yes

Does a child with fetal alcohol syndrome appear different due to facial changes?

yes

Does fetal alcohol syndrome cause mental retardation?

yes