Nutrition Chapters 4-6 Lecture assignments Midterm

Theresa drank 5 ounces of wine. This amount of wine has about as much alcohol as the amount that is in ________.

12 ounces of beer

This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.

120

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics?

Berries

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

Blood

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Brain

The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by ________.

Chemical Bonds

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Cottonseed oil

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of _______.

Diabetes mellitus

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Enlargement ofmuscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach. T/F

False

Lipids present in foods interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption. T/F

False

Maltose is the disaccharide that is in milk. T/F

False

Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics. T/F

False

Protons carry negative charges. T/F

False

Stick margarine is one of the main sources of cholesterol in the typical American's diet. T/F

False

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not banned the use of saccharin. T/F

False

The edges of the tongue do not have any taste buds. T/F

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

Fructose

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ______.

Glycogen

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Hypertension

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is 190 mg/dl and his HDL cholesterol level is 60 mg/dl. According to this information, ________.

Kevin's total blood cholesterol level is within the healthy range

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________.

Liver cancer

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

Lose weight rapidly

After Cameron consumes foods and beverages that contain fructose, he develops abdominal bloating, cramps, and gas that is followed by diarrhea. A ________ diet is likely to help him avoid these intestinal signs and symptoms.

Low-FODMAP

Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Maria's diet?

Maria's fatintake is higher than the AMDR.

Mark has type 2 diabetes. For the past two weeks, his fasting blood glucose level has been below 130 mg/dl. Today, Mark's physician tested his blood. Although the fasting value was 125 mg/dl, she reported that he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level. Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Mark?

Mark's HbA1c is 8.5.

Which of the following statements is true?

Matter is comprisedof atoms.

Which of the following statements is true?

Most enzymes havenames that end with - ase.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Stanley would like to compare the total fat contents of packaged hotdogs. He should read the ________ on the products' labels.

Nutrition Facts Panel

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label.

Nutrition Facts panel

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

An ________ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

Organ

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

Which of the following statements is false?

Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

Pork steak

Which of the following statements is true?

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine.

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?

Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble fiber

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________.

Solute

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, adults should keep their trans fat intake as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet. T/F

True

Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract. T/F

True

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food package includes information about the amount of carbohydrates, including added sugars in a serving of the food. T/F

True

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

Weight loss as a result of starvation

Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should ________.

avoid all forms of alcohol

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.

avoid overeating during meals

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories; his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories; and his average daily cholesterol intake was 350 mg. Based on this information, his total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

below

The ________ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

bioavailability

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

breakdown of food into nutrients

People who have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have increased risk of _______ cancer.

colorectal

Phil has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Phil tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl. Based on this information, Phil should _______.

consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level

Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________.

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of foods

The body can make limited amounts of ________ acid from alpha-linoleic acid.

eicosapentaenoic

An ________ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

electrolyte

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________.

enzyme

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

epiglottis

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into ______.

fat

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome may include ________.

following a low-FODMAP diet

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

fructose

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Nervous system cells rely on primary ________ for energy.

glucose

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she ________.

has difficulty digesting food

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.

has trouble swallowing

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________.

has trouble tasting food

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

having fruity-smelling breath

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should ______.

increase her intake of fiber-rich foods

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

increasing age

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has ________.

irritable bowel syndrome

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jejunum

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

lacteals within the villi

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

losing excess body fat

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

not worry, because she is not constipated

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?

olive oil

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________ cancer.

pancreatic

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

peanuts

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load?

plain microwave popcorn

A 10-month-old baby whose diet is low in fat has ________, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency.

poor growth

Glucagon ____________.

raises blood glucose levels

To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should ______.

replace regular soft drinks with plain water

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Devon adds a little salt to a pot of water before he boils the water to cook pasta. When added to the water, the salt is a ________.

solute

Subcutaneous fat does not ________.

stimulate red blood cell production

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is _______.

sucrose

Glycogen is _______.

the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

tuna fish

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system.

urinary

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________.

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods