Nutrition Consultant Exam Chp. 4-6

Which of the following is the highest quality protein? a. Whole wheat bread b. Peanut butter c. Gelatin d. Corn e. An egg

e. An egg

A low-calorie cake would most likely be baked with ____. a. honey b. Sweet 'N Low c. Aspartame d. Neotame e. Splenda

e. Splenda

Based on 2015-2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which food contains trans fatty acids and should be limited to as little as possible? a. Milk b. Canola oil c. Chicken d. Steak e. Spreadable margarine

e. Spreadable margarine

Muslce growth requires

Positive protein balance

Individuals with diabetes can only eat foods sweetened with sugar substitutes. a. True b. False

b. false

Protein molecules comprised of different amino acids are typically uniform in shape and size due to different side chains on amino acids. a. True b. False

b. false

Proteins from meat can be absorbed directly into the stomach wall as it is digested. a. True b. False

b. false

A lacto-vegetarian can drink a milkshake made from dairy products. a. True b. False

b. true

If the source of fat is from a land animal, then it likely contains______

saturated fat

A diet high in animal protein is typically high in . _________

solid fat

Avoiding all foods that have trans fatty acids, or consuming as little as possible, is a desirable practice in healthy eating. a. True b. False

a. true

Chewing gum sweetened with xylitol after a meal can help reduce the risk of developing cavities. a. True b. False

a. true

John's doctor wants him to change his eating habits to lower his blood cholesterol. What is the most effective way to do this? a. Choose only cholesterol-free foods. b. Replace solids fats with oils. c. Decrease total fat intake. d. Increase fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake. e. Decrease exercise.

b. Replace solids fats with oils.

What could Todd choose to put on his whole grain toast that might help with his LDL-cholesterol level? a. a margarine made with partially hydrogenated oils b. a margarine made with phytosterols c. a spread that is a blend of partially hydrogenated oils and butter d. unsalted butter e. jelly

b. a margarine made with phytosterols

Jennifer's doctor commends her for making healthier fat choices, but encourages her to consume more omega-3 fatty acids and less omega-6 fatty acids. Which food choice helps her do this? a. reducing snack intake of almonds b. adding ground flaxseed to yogurt and smoothies c. preparing grilled chicken for dinner d. sautéing vegetables in corn oil e. avoiding foods like tofu and edamame

b. adding ground flaxseed to yogurt and smoothies

Ben sees that MyPlate recommends he consume 8 ounces of grains daily based on his energy needs; this means that at least three ounces should come from whole grain sources. a. True b. False

b. false

Breads made with enriched wheat flour have similar nutritional profiles to breads made with whole wheat flour. a. True b. False

b. false

Fat can be converted to carbohydrate and protein to provide additional fuel when the body needs more energy. a. True b. False

b. false

Long-term storage of carbohydrates occurs in the liver. a. True b. False

b. false

Most lactose-intolerant people cannot consume any dairy products. a. True b. False

b. false

Saturated fats are fats that have room for more hydrogen bonds. a. True b. False

b. false

Which of these foods has the least amount of cholesterol? a. Cheese b. Lard c. Avocado d. Skim milk e. Salmon

c. Avocado

Beans, grains, and seeds are the main sources of _______ in one's diet.

complex carbohydrates

How many calories are provided by fat in the following meal: fried chicken (40 g fat), mashed potatoes with gravy (6 g fat), coleslaw (5 g fat), and roll with butter (5 g fat)? a. 56 calories b. 224 calories c. 392 calories d. 504 calories e. There is not enough information to answer this question.

d. 504 calories

A candy maker added _____ in order to ensure that the chocolate ingredients would not separate while the candy is stored on the shelves. a. BHA b. BHT c. vitamin C d. lecithin e. sterol

d. lecithin

A savvy nutrition consumer looking for a fiber cereal by checking the labels would put back a product with _____ listed as the first ingredient. a. whole oats b. brown rice flour c. whole rye flour d. multi-grain flour e. whole grain flour

d. multi-grain flour

A fatty acid that has one spot on its carbon chain where a hydrogen can be added is referred to as a(n)____________

unsaturated fatty acid

__________ is a heart-healthy substitute to use in place of a saturated fat when cooking.

Cannola Oil

Research suggests that the single, most accurate predictor of a heart attack may be _______ which correlates inversely with risk

HDL

Hydrogenated margarine is a healthier choice than butter. a. True b. False

b. false

About _____ of the body's energy needs at rest is supplied by fat. a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 35 percent d. 60 percent e. 75 percent

d. 60 percent

Which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body? a. Forming scar tissue b. Regulating metabolism c. Building immunity in the body d. Protecting cells from free radicals e. Acting as chemical messengers

d. Protecting cells from free radicals

Which plant food offers the highest-quality protein, as well as the highest digestibility? a. Brown rice b. Lentils c. Peanut butter d. Tofu e. Black beans

d. Tofu

The temporary storage form of glucose is_________

glycogen

A key difference from carbohydrates and lipids is that proteins contain___________

nitrogen

The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The_______ is the group that varies for each amino acids

side chain

________is a nonnutritive sweetener that is a derivative of sugar.

Splenda (sucralose)

A(n)_______would eat only plant foods and eggs.

ovo-vegeterian

Fructose and glucose bonded together

sucrose

Approximately half of the added sugars in the U.S. diet come from .___________

sugar sweetened beverages

Starch is a _______ that can be digested and is only from plants.

polysaccharide

When blood glucose levels begin to get low, glucagon is released and pulls glucose from storage into the blood stream. a. True b. False

a. true

Type 2 diabetes _____________. a. is less common than type 1 b. causes rapid weight loss c. is associated with obesity d. is always caused by a lack of insulin e. must be kept under control with injections

c. is associated with obesity

Amy ate a sandwich made with two slices of whole grain bread, and each slice contained 22 grams of carbohydrates. How many calories from carbohydrates did she consume from the bread? a. 44 calories b. 88 calories c. 156 calories d. 176 calories e. 198 calories

d. 176 calories

Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body and returns it back to the liver for further metabolism? a. chylomicron b. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e. phospholipid

d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

Glucose is the body's primary energy nutrient and is found in lean meats and fish. a. True b. False

b. false

The human body is able to synthesize them a. only proteins b. lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

b. lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat to the cells in your body? a. chylomicron b. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e. phospholipid

a. chylomicron

The chemical makeup require four elements a. only proteins b. lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

a. only protein

Made according to intstructions provided by genetic material a. only proteins b. lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

a. only proteins

A high HDL level correlates with a decreased risk for heart disease. a. True b. False

a. true

After Ann's physical exam she learns that her total cholesterol is 190 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol is 70 mg/dL, and LDL cholesterol is 47 mg/dL. What does this mean? a. Ann has an increased risk of high blood pressure. b. Ann has a healthy amount of good cholesterol. c. Ann has signs of type 2 diabetes. d. Ann has a large amount of atherosclerosis. e. Ann is at increased risk for heart diseases.

b. Ann has a healthy amount of good cholesterol.

What type of food is part of a typical vegan diet? a. Eggs b. Legumes c. Cheese d. Milk e. Fish

b. Legumes

Which of the following statements is true about sugar? a. Sugar causes hyperactivity in children. b. Sugar contributes to tooth decay. c. Sugar causes diabetes. d. Sugar leads to obesity. e. All forms of sugar are unhealthy.

b. Sugar contributes to tooth decay.

Why is bread made with refined flour considered less healthy than breads made with whole grains? a. Refining bread products only leaves the chaff in the bread. b. The refining process removes fiber and minerals in the bread. c. The bran that is kept in the refining process is harder to digest. d. The refining process creates products with higher levels of iron. e. The refining process calls for the addition of some added sugars.

b. The refining process removes fiber and minerals in the bread.

A family following the Mediterranean Food Pyramid will eliminate all sugars and alcohol. a. True b. False

b. false

The Mediterranean population's higher intake of good saturated fat is one of the key differences when compared to the intake of the American population. a. True b. False

b. false

What structural component of amino acids differentiates them from one another? a. the amine group b. the side group c. the peptide bond d. the acid group e. the amino acid sequence

b. the side group

Bob's lipid profile indicated his total cholesterol was 215 mL/dL, HDL was 45 mL/dL, and LDL was 90 ml/dL which suggests he is at ________ for heart disease and strokes.

borderline

What would you expect to eat in a Greek home following the Mediterranean Food Pyramid? a. Fried shrimp b. Grilled steak c. Baked haddock d. Macaroni and cheese e. Apple pie

c. Baked haddock

All of the following statements are true about carbohydrates except: a. Plants are the major source of carbohydrates in our diet. b. All carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides. c. Complex carbohydrates include starch, fruit juice, and fiber. d. Simple carbohydrates include sugars. e. A diet containing too much simple sugar can be harmful to health.

c. Complex carbohydrates include starch, fruit juice, and fiber.

How does hydrogenation affect unsaturated fats? a. It changes them to polyunsaturated fats as it removes hydrogen atoms. b. It changes solid fats to trans fatty acids. c. It adds hydrogen atoms to their chains making them more saturated. d. It adds antioxidants to them creating a better-preserved product. e. It changes them so they are more water-soluble.

c. It adds hydrogen atoms to their chains making them more saturated.

The characteristic that makes lecithin a good emulsifier is also what enables _______________. a. phospholipids to be used as the starting material for hormones b. food products to have a longer shelf-life c. fats to pass through cell membranes d. phospholipids to typically be liquid at room temperature e. phospholipids to form plaque that narrows the arteries

c. fats to pass through cell membranes

Which of the following sugars is not found in plant foods? a. sucrose b. fructose c. maltose d. lactose e. glucose

d. lactose

Which of these foods has the least amount of fiber? a. Refined wheat bread b. Banana c. Tomato slices d. Black-eyed peas e. Cheddar cheese slice

e. Cheddar cheese slice

What is the best way to prevent rapid rises and falls of blood glucose during a day? a. Combine complex and simple carbohydrates together when you eat. b. Cut out all sources of added sugars. c. Avoid snacks if possible. d. The carrots would be absorbed and broken down by the pancreas. e. Eat well-spaced meals that focus on whole foods that provide a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

e. Eat well-spaced meals that focus on whole foods that provide a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Eating a popsicle could cause someone who is hypoglycemic to experience a(n) _____. a. increase in fat levels b. decrease in glucose levels c. decrease in liver activity d. slow increase in sugar levels e. quick increase in sugar levels

e. quick increase in sugar levels

______ is a hormone that lowers high levels of glucose in the blood.

insulin

Glucose plus galactose bonded together

lactose

_________ provide the largest portion of American's protein intake.

red meat and poultry

The primary role of carbohydrates in the human body is to _________________. a. provide the body with energy b. supply nutrients to build new cells c. make foods taste good d. supply nutrients needed to regulate metabolism e. provide sources of dietary fiber

a. provide the body with energy

What happens when the immune system reacts to a food allergy? a. The allergens are broken down and deactivated by stomach acids. b. Immunoglobulin E is produced and circulates in the blood. c. Mast cells release antihistamines to counter the histamines. d. Mast cells absorb and remove the offending food allergen from the bloodstream. e. The immune system develops tolerance after multiple exposures to the food allergen.

b. Immunoglobulin E is produced and circulates in the blood.

Which of the following statements about protein is correct? a. Healthy individuals can build immunity with adequate protein in place of getting vaccinations. b. One of the primary functions of protein is to provide building materials. c. The primary role of protein is to provide energy. d. Total energy, rather than nutrients, determines protein usage. e. Excess protein will be stored as lean body mass.

b. One of the primary functions of protein is to provide building materials.

Antibodies attack protein strands and try to eliminate them when the body has an infection. a. True b. False

b. false

Flaxseed is a good substitute for meats high in omega-6 fatty acids. a. True b. False

b. false

Honey is not considered an empty-calorie food since it is a nutrient-dense source of sugar. a. True b. False

b. false

Some proteins will be broken down for energy when carbohydrates, but no fats, are included in the diet. a. True b. False

b. false

Mary consumed 82 grams of protein and 1,800 total calories in one day. What percentage of the total caloric intake was provided by protein? a. 6 b. 12 c. 18 d. 24 e. 30

c. 18

Katie wants to calculate her recommended protein intake. What is her protein RDA if she weighs 148 pounds and is in good health? a. 17 grams b. 52 grams c. 54 grams d. 74 grams e. 118 grams

c. 54 grams

Which of the following is a method to denature kidney beans? a. Eat them cold from the can for better nutrition. b. Only eat them raw so they do not lose nutrients. c. Cook and season the beans. d. Mix them with salad greens for taste. e. Only used dried kidney beans rather than canned.

c. Cook and season the beans.

What effect does stomach acid have on proteins? a. Release of histamines b. Neutralization of amino acid charges c. Denaturation d. Release of enzymes e. Condensation

c. Denaturation

A child eats a spoonful of peanut butter as a snack. What would he need to do in order to have a balanced protein? a. Make sure he eats more peanut butter. b. Nothing if his energy intake is adequate. c. Eat another food that is a complementary protein. d. Eat a limiting protein that is similar. e. Eat a protein of a different quality

c. Eat another food that is a complementary protein.

Which statement about dietary protein is accurate? a. It should supply the nonessential amino acids. b. When food energy is limited, dietary protein is first used to build body proteins. c. It should supply enough nitrogen to make nonessential amino acids. d. For optimum health, dietary protein should be included in the diet at least twice per week. Beyond supplying the essential amino acids, any excess will be converted to fat.

c. It should supply enough nitrogen to make nonessential amino acids.

If an essential amino acid is missing, the protein strand will _____. a. be completed with substitute essential amino acids b. halt production until an essential amino acid is available c. break down and return the surplus amino acids to the bloodstream d. use nonessential amino acids instead e. use the shorter strands to make up the protein

c. break down and return the surplus amino acids to the bloodstream

Combing two plant proteins ______________. a. provides only nonessential amino acids b. yields a poorly digestible protein c. can provide an adequate assortment of amino acids d. is typically more expensive to prepare e. cannot provide adequate amino acids for a healthy individual

c. can provide an adequate assortment of amino acids

Essential amino acids are those that ______________. a. are only important for those in poor health b. the body makes in sufficient amounts c. the body does not make in sufficient amounts d. are only important for individuals eating a vegetarian diet e. are not needed if in good health

c. the body does not make in sufficient amounts

Two glucose bonded together

maltose

Matt went to see a registered dietitian to determine his protein needs. He weighs 260 pounds, of which 220 pounds are lean body mass. What is his recommended intake? a. 80 grams b. 95 grams c. 100 grams d. 118 grams e. 130 grams

a. 80 grams

Which of the following is a function of fat in the body? a. Carries water-soluble vitamins b. Provides essential amino acids for growth and repair c. Provides insulation to regulate body temperature d. Provides an immediate energy source following a meal e. Stores limited amounts of energy for later use

c. Provides insulation to regulate body temperature

Which of the following is a characteristic of a saturated fat? a. Less stable so more prone to spoilage b. Most are liquid at room temperature c. Some has shorter chain lengths making them slightly soluble in water d. Often hydrogenated during processing to extend shelf-life e. Includes the essential fatty acids

c. Some has shorter chain lengths making them slightly soluble in water

Which of the following statements is not true about carbohydrate structures? a. Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides. b. Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides consisting of many glucose units joined together. c. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose. d. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to glucose. e. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose.

c. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose.

Which school lunch does not include any of the most common food allergens known for causing reactions in children? a. Fish sticks with peas and mashed potatoes b. A beef taco with cheese and lettuce c. Vegetable beef soup with apple slices d. Chicken nuggets with rice and green beans e. Grilled cheese sandwich and grapes

c. Vegetable beef soup with apple slices

Which food would NOT be a source of protein based on the foods and food groups discussed in the video? a. brown rice b. shredded cheese c. lobster d. yogurt e. banana

e. banana

Protein-deficiency symptoms are always accompanied by____________

energy defeciency

Of the 20 amino acids in the body 9 are considered ______ which means the body does not produce enough to meet needs and they are therefore must be obtained from the diet. A condititionally essential amino acid is an amino acid that is normally considered __________ but becomes ______ under certain circumstances when the body does not produce enough to me the individuals needs

essential, non-essential, essential

Research suggests that high-fiber diets protect against________

colon cancer

Which food would be most effective in helping to prevent constipation and hemorrhoids? a. Sandwich made with whole wheat bread b. Cereal containing oat bran c. Soup containing carrots and potatoes d. Stew made with barley e. Salad containing apple slices

a. Sandwich made with whole wheat bread

Which of the following is true about proteins? a. A protein could also be referred to as a polypeptide. b. Most proteins are nonessential. c. Protein intake is typically inadequate in most Americans' diets. d. Enzymes are linked to amino acids with peptide bonds to form proteins. e. Essential amino acids are those naturally occurring in the body.

a. A protein could also be referred to as a polypeptide.

Which food has the least amount of cholesterol? a. Broccoli b. Chicken thigh c. Lean flank steak d. Cheese quesadilla e. Broiled fish

a. Broccoli

During a typical day of eating, when would glucose levels be checked for the lowest number? a. First thing in the morning before eating b. At the end of the day when you are tired c. Midday when energy levels are drawing the most energy d. Four hours after eating the largest meal e. Just before eating dinner

a. First thing in the morning before eating

Adam wants a food source high in protein but low in fat. What should he choose? a. Lentils b. T-bone steak c. Whole milk d. Pasta salad e. Cheese and crackers

a. Lentils

Which dinner combination follows the dietary recommendations of major health organizations in regard to protein? a. Meatless chili and vegetables b. Fried fish on a wheat bun c. Grilled steak and French fries d. Seventy percent lean hamburger with tomato and lettuce e. Bean burrito with sour cream

a. Meatless chili and vegetables

What is an identifying characteristic of the chemical structure of proteins? a. Proteins always contain nitrogen atoms. b. Proteins have identical, repeating units within the structure. c. All carbon atoms in proteins are bonded to at least three hydrogen atoms. d. Amine groups are found at both ends of the chemical backbone in proteins. e. The side chains in amino acids have either a positive charge or negative charge.

a. Proteins always contain nitrogen atoms.

The Dietary Reference Intakes committee recommends that added sugars make up no more than 25 percent of a day's energy. In one day, Sarah consumed 340g of carbohydrates with 100g of that coming from added sugars. Her total energy intake was 2,000 calories. Did Sarah meet the DRI recommendations for carbohydrate and added sugar intakes? a. Sarah met the recommendation for added sugar intake, but was above the recommended carbohydrate intake. b. Sarah did not meet the recommendation for added sugar intake, but did meet the recommendation for carbohydrate intake. c. Sarah was above the recommended intakes for both. d. Sarah was below the recommended intakes for both. e. There is not enough information to determine these answers.

a. Sarah met the recommendation for added sugar intake, but was above the recommended carbohydrate intake.

Tony is following a low-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. What will happen if he continues this diet? a. Tony will lose weight and break down muscle mass for energy. b. Tony will not lose weight unless he cuts out protein. c. Tony's body will draw from glucose energy stores. d. Tony's amino acids will produce additional protein. e. Tony will excrete more amino acids.

a. Tony will lose weight and break down muscle mass for energy.

Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Sucrose b. Galactose c. Fructose d. Starch e. Dextrose

a. sucrose

The gastrointestinal track breaks proteins down into amino acids ______________. a. to assemble new proteins with the absorbed amino acids b. to create essential amino acids before being absorbed into circulation c. to create nonessential amino acids before being absorbed into circulation d. to increase quality of proteins eaten e. so the liver can break them down for excretion

a. to assemble new proteins with the absorbed amino acids

Adding black beans to a salad adds protein while contributing very little fat. a. True b. False

a. true

Amino acids are the building materials used for body structures like hair, nails, ligaments, and tendons. a. True b. False

a. true

Cutting back on carbohydrate and fat intake could result in loss of muscle mass if energy and nutrient needs are not being met. a. True b. False

a. true

Denaturation is the first step to breaking down a protein for digestion. a. True b. False

a. true

Emulsifiers help fat-containing foods maintain a smooth, even texture. a. True b. False

a. true

Insoluble fibers are important in maintaining regular digestive processes. a. True b. False

a. true

Lean body mass, rather than total body weight, determines protein needs. a. True b. False

a. true

Many fat-replacers use carbohydrates like starch, gels, and gums in place of some fat to decrease total fat and calories. a. True b. False

a. true

Many health organizations suggest substituting beans and vegetables for animal protein at dinner. a. True b. False

a. true

Research has not shown a direct link between sugar intake and hyperactivity. a. True b. False

a. true

Samantha, who has a shellfish allergy, eats a serving of clams. She will experience allergy symptoms due to the release of histamines. a. True b. False

a. true

Similar to how some fat is required in a healthy diet, some fat is needed on the body to protect organs and regulate body temperature. a. True b. False

a. true

The germ and bran are the key parts of a grain that make whole grains higher in fiber, protein, and nutrients. a. True b. False

a. true

The sweet taste of sucrose comes primarily from the fructose in its structure. a. True b. False

a. true

Bob's lipid profile indicated his total cholesterol was 215 mL/dL, HDL was 45 mL/dL, and LDL was 90 ml/dL. Which of the following would not improve his lipid profile and decrease his risk level? a. Eat more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables to increase soluble fiber intake. b. Consume more tropical oils like coconut oil. c. Choose fats and oils with <2 g saturated fat per tablespoon. d. Eat fewer high fat desserts with added sugars. e. Increase physical activity.

b. Consume more tropical oils like coconut oil.

If a nonessential amino acid is missing, assembly of the protein strand will stop and dismantled amino acids will be returned to circulation. a. True b. False

b. false

Long-chain fatty acids are easier to digest because they are better able to dissolve in water. a. True b. False

b. false

limiting amino acid is difficult for the body to digest. a. True b. False

b. false

The dietitian calculates that Matt consumes approximately 2,400 calories and 150 grams of protein on an average day. Does this intake meet the recommendations for protein when based on percentage of calories? a. No, he is below the recommended range. b. No, he is above the recommended range. c. Yes, he is within the recommended range. d. Protein needs should only be calculated by body weight. e. There is not enough information to determine.

c. Yes, he is within the recommended range.

How could you identify a monounsaturated fatty acid by looking at the structure of its chain? a. Every carbon atom in the chain has a hydrogen atom attached. b. Four or more carbon atoms in the chain have no hydrogen atoms attached. c. The chain contains multiple missing carbon atoms. d. Two carbon atoms in the chain have no hydrogen atoms attached. e. The carbon chain is more than one-inch long

d. Two carbon atoms in the chain have no hydrogen atoms attached.

Katie has been testing HDL-cholesterol levels in several patients. Which patient would she expect to have a high HDL-cholesterol level? a. a 40-year-old female smoker b. a 60-year-old overweight male c. a 55-year-old female with low estrogen levels d. a 45-year-old pre-menopausal female e. a 55-year-old male smoker

d. a 45-year-old pre-menopausal female

If someone lacked protein in their diet, they would experience _____. a. greater production of fat and longer hair and nails b. no chemical reactions as hormones are all made of proteins c. the absence of antigens and increased allergies d. an imbalance of acid and base concentrations in body fluids e. proper blood volume regulation, but loss of other fluids

d. an imbalance of acid and base concentrations in body fluids

Which beverage would provide a nutrient dense form of sugar? a. Orange fruit drink b. Iced tea with honey c. Energy drink with calcium d. Fruit punch with fruit pieces e. 1% low fat milk

e. 1% low fat milk

What happens to a piece of chicken you have eaten once the digestive process is complete? a. It will all be excreted through the large intestine. b. It will be absorbed into the stomach wall. c. It will be converted from dipeptides into polypeptides. d. It will all be processed into glucose. e. It will be absorbed into the bloodstream.

e. It will be absorbed into the bloodstream.

What type of sugar would a baker take out of recipes in order to significantly reduce calories in cupcakes? a. Maltose b. Lactose c. Glucose d. Galactose e. Sucrose

e. Sucrose

The glycerol molecule in triglycerides is what differentiates saturated fats from unsaturated fats. a. True b. False

b. false

The process of digesting carbohydrates begins in the stomach where amylase is secreted. a. True b. False

b. false

The white potato is a plant-based source of cholesterol. a. True b. False

b. false

To get a healthier balance of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid in diets, health experts recommend replacing fat intake from cold-water fish and walnuts with fat from corn and sunflower oil. a. True b. False

b. false

Type 1 diabetes is the most common type largely due to the population being sedentary and carrying excess weight. a. True b. False

b. false

What food is a good source of carbohydrate energy? a. Water b. Milk c. Diet soda d. Celery e. Black coffee

b. milk

What advice about fat would you give someone who wants to lose weight? a. Fat has many uses in the body and should not be cut back. b. Cut out all fats in your diet so energy comes from muscle stores. c. Continue to incorporate fats into your diet but choose healthy ones and monitor portion size. d. Exercise more and eat high-fat foods that provide more energy. e. Avoid foods that contain unhealthy fatty acids.

c. Continue to incorporate fats into your diet but choose healthy ones and monitor portion size.

Which of the following dietary habits is associated with a reduced risk of blood clots, slowed plaque formation in the arteries, and slightly lower blood pressure? a. Eating at least five produce servings each day b. Cutting out all butter and margarine products c. Eating cold-water fish at least two times per week d. Cutting out all red meat and most dairy products e. Using olive oil exclusively for a fat source

c. Eating cold-water fish at least two times per week

Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the cells in your body, but can get stuck in arteries while traveling in the blood, depositing cholesterol that eventually leads to plaque formation? a. chylomicron b. VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) d. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) e. phospholipid

c. LDL (low-density lipoprotein)

A person who _____ should avoid taking in a lot of fiber without consulting a physician. a. is constipated b. is diabetic c. has an iron deficiency d. is trying to diet e. has heart disease

c. has an iron deficiency

A healthy diet reduces the amount of fat consumed, but does not specify the type of type of fat consumed. a. True b. False

B. false

As a dental assistant, what would you recommend to a diabetic patient who needs to cut back on sugar? a. Eat crackers made with starch. b. Chew gum made with xylitol. c. Drink tea sweetened with honey. d. Switch from cheese to jelly on bread. e. Use fructose instead of sugar in all foods.

b. Chew gum made with xylitol.

Mary keeps a food record for a week and finds that her average daily intake is 1,800 calories, 64 g total fat, and 42 g saturated fat. How does Mary's intake compare to the recommendations for fat and saturated fat? a. She is above the recommendations for both total fat and saturated fat. b. She is above the recommendation for saturated fat, but within the recommendation for total fat. c. She is above the recommendation for saturated fat, but below the recommended range for total fat. d. She is meeting the recommendations for both saturated fat and total fat. e. She is below the recommendations for both saturated fat and total fat.

b. She is above the recommendation for saturated fat, but within the recommendation for total fat.

Which two foods have a similar effect on blood lipids? a. olive oil and coconut oil b. chicken and fish c. cheese and avocado d. margarine and corn oil e. almonds and cream cheese

b. chicken and fish

Which of the following is not one of the key characteristics thought to be responsible for the low rate of coronary artery disease seen in the Mediterranean region? a. Moderate intake of unsaturated fat b. Low saturated fat intake c. High intake of phytochemicals d. Low intake of fish and legumes e. High intake of fruit and vegetables

d. Low intake of fish and legumes

What would happen if the body carried a large proportion of lipoprotein molecules that contained little protein? a. The liver would not be able to dismantle them. b. Chylomicrons would release additional bile. c. Risk of artery plaque would be reduced. d. Monoglycerides would need to form triglycerides. e. Risk of high blood cholesterol would increase.

e. Risk of high blood cholesterol would increase.

Which statement is correct about type 1 diabetes? a. It is possible to manage type I diabetes with oral medications, diet, and physical activity. b. Blurred vision, inability to concentrate, increased thirst, and weight gain are symptoms of type 1. c. Treatment protocol for type 1 includes insulin injections, diet, weight loss, and physical activity. d. Type 1 is caused by cells becoming unresponsive to insulin made by the pancreas. e. Type 1 is thought to be caused by a viral or allergic reaction.

e. Type 1 is thought to be caused by a viral or allergic reaction.

During the digestion process, short-chain fatty acids are more easily absorbed because they _____. a. convert to glycerol b. contain bile c. are hydrophobic d. have formed chylomicrons e. are somewhat water soluble

e. are somewhat water soluble

To prevent tooth decay in infants, parents should __________________________________. a. only provide breast milk or formula in a bottle b. quit nursing after 6 months since it causes infants to push out their teeth c. switch to only solid foods once the baby can sit up d. brush and floss the infant's teeth e. avoid putting an infant to bed with a bottle filled with juice, milk, or formula

e. avoid putting an infant to bed with a bottle filled with juice, milk, or formula

When a person's blood glucose level drops too low, the pancreas secretes _______ , which triggers the ________ to break down stored glycogen into glucose.

glucagon, liver