Nutrition Exam 1

Which dietary standard, expressed as percentages of total energy, defines the recommended intake range for the macronutrients?

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

nutrient dense veggies

Broccoli, Spinach, Kale

List the primary classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Lauren's friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the following nutrient standards would assist her in determining the highest amount of the supplement that would be safe for her to consume? Select one: A. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) B. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) C. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

D

nutrient dense dairy foods

Fat-free milk, Low-fat yogurt, Low-fat cheese

nutrient dense fruits

Orange, Banana, Blueberry

The information provided on a food label that identifies how much a serving of food contributes to your intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the

Percent Daily Values

nutrient dense protein

Poultry, fish, Legumes (beans, peas)

Assuming the Calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks will have the highest satiety value? Select one: A. a hard-boiled egg B. a glass of orange juice C. two saltine crackers spread with butter D. two saltine crackers spread with jam

a

Mark weighs 254 pounds and would like to lose weight. He starts a walking program that expends 1.2 kcal/pound/hour. If he walks 45 minutes a day for one week, how many Calories will he burn in one week? Select one: A. 1,600 kcal B. 1,800 kcal C. 1,200 kcal D. 800 kcal

a

Miguel's doctor has recommended that he consume less saturated fat. At his favorite fast-food restaurant, Miguel chooses a grilled chicken sandwich. The menu states that the sandwich contains 460 Calories, and 6 grams of saturated fat. What is the percentage of Calories from saturated fat in this choice? Select one: A. 12% B. 17% C. 7% D. 22%

a

The FDA requires nutrition labeling Select one: A. in chain restaurants and many other retail food outlets. B. in fast-food restaurants but not other retail food establishments. C. on menus in sit-down restaurants only. D. in every restaurant, café, cafeteria, and food kiosk in the United States.

a

Which of the following foods is likely to contain the highest level of sodium? Select one: A. deli cold cuts B. a slice of banana bread C. milk D. a salad sprinkled with salt

a

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? Select one: A. storage of bile B. absorption of excess glucose from the blood C. storage of amino acids D. regulation of fat levels in the blood

a

What is chyme?

a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

average daily intake level of a nutrient to prevent deficiency diseases in half of what healthy people at a particular life stage or gender

Estimated energy requirement (EER)

average daily intake or diet a healthy individual requires in order to maintain their energy balance - based off the person's height, weight, activity level, age, and gender

At the grocery store, Janice studies the labels on fortified rice milk to find one that is high in calcium. Which of the following label statements identifies the product that is highest in calcium? Select one: A. "Provides calcium!" B. "Excellent source of calcium!" C. "Calcium added!" D. "Good source of calcium!"

b

In the United States and Canada, what set of standards defines the recommended intake values for various nutrients for healthy people? Select one: A. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) B. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) C. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) D. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

b

The amount and %DV per serving of which of the following is NOT identified on the Nutrition Facts panel? Select one: A. sodium B. vitamin E C. cholesterol D. dietary fiber

b

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? Select one: A. Consume alcohol in moderation, if at all. B. Avoid red meat, butter, cheese, and eggs. C. Choose nutrient-dense foods and beverages across and within all food groups. D. Support healthful eating patterns for everyone.

b

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her diabetic diet? Select one: A. nutritionist B. registered dietitian (RD) C. medical doctor (MD) D. PhD in exercise science

b

how a nutritious diet contributes to wellness

basis for a person's wellness as it provides the energy to partake in in the five health tiers of wellness; physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and occupational health

Julie is a vegetarian—the only animal-based foods she consumes are dairy products and eggs. Which of the following statements about Julie's diet is TRUE? Select one: A. Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks nutrient density. B. Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks adequacy. C. Julie's diet is not necessarily unhealthful. D. Julie's diet is unhealthful because it lacks variety.

c

Which of the following BEST describes minerals? Select one: A. micronutrients that are easily destroyed by heat and light B. nutrients that are needed in large amounts by the body C. inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods Correct D. micronutrients that are broken down easily during digestion

c

Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K? A. not stored to any extent in the body B. soluble in water C. potentially toxic with excessive intake D. excess amounts are excreted via the urine

c

Which of the following foods or beverages is considered safe to consume when traveling to high-risk foreign destinations? A. salads and lettuce B. ice made from tap water C. coffee and tea D. refrigerated shellfish

c

Which of the following is NOT required on a food label? Select one: A. statement of identity B. net contents of the package C. taste of the food Correct D. name and address of the vendor

c

nutrition label

calculate the nutritional profile of the food and compare the nutritional value of a product to another product

The primary source of fuel for the body is

carbohydrates

What is the primary source of fuel for the brain?

carbohydrates

What enables the cell membrane to remain flexible?

cholesterol

After learning about the mistreatment of animals at slaughterhouses, Laura has become a vegetarian. Her dislike for meat, which she once enjoyed, is an example of Select one: A. internal cues. B. cultural conditioning. C. social conditioning. D. conditioned taste aversion.

d

Funding of a research study by a company that stands to benefit from a positive assessment is an example of Select one: A. the placebo effect. B. transparency. C. a reporting bias. D. a conflict of interest.

d

MiPlato, the Spanish language version of MyPlate, recommends Select one: A. beans, eggs, and cheese as primary protein sources. B. daily lean meat consumption. C. milk, cheese, and yogurt in moderation. D. a variety of choices from the five major food groups.

d

What common flaw has been found in research studies funded by pharmaceutical companies? A. bias towards showing ineffectiveness of products B. quackery C. over-reporting of a drug's side effects D. lack of transparency

d

Which of the following is NOT a major function of dietary protein? Select one: A. maintaining the structure and strength of bone B. repairing damaged structures C. building new cells and tissues D. serving as a primary source of energy for the body

d

Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency? Select one: A. cancer B. heart disease C. type 2 diabetes D. pellagra

d

serving size

describes the recommended intake using a household measure such as a cup or value in grams

explain shift of nutrition over time to study chronic diseases

diseases have been directly linked to poor nutrition

What is another name for a study of patterns of health and disease in a large population?

epidemiological study

The tiny flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea is called the

epiglottis

What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?

experimental group

Into what two groups are vitamins classified?

fat soluble and water soluble

What is known as a "hunger hormone"?

ghrelin

Which hormones are responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

glucagon and insulin

The USDA Food Patterns recommends that a healthful diet contain foods from what groups?

grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein

On a food label, "Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect" is an example of an FDA-approved

health claim

Excess sodium in the diet is linked to what disease in some individuals?

high blood pressure

Upper Level Intake (UL)

highest average daily intake of nutrients that is not likely to induce adverse health effects

calories on food label

how many calories come from protein, carbohydrates, and fats combined which allows consumers to calculate calorie information

serving size

how many serving sizes there are in the packaged food

% DV

how much one serving size of the packaged food contributes to an average healthy person's overall intake for nutrients such as saturated fat, dietary fiber, protein, and calcium

The structure of the brush border aids digestion by

increasing the small intestine's absorptive capacity

water

inorganic and doesn't provide any kilocalories per gram

minerals

inorganic and don't provide any kilocalories per gram

Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed

into the lymphatic system and transported in lymph

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise that you

keep your intake of added sugars to no more than 10% of total Calories.

The conversion of the mass of undigested material into feces occurs in the

large intestine

Serving sizes of prepared foods purchased at grocery stores and restaurants are generally

larger than USDA serving-size standards.

Which food is exempt from standard food labeling regulations?

meat

Prevalent in the United States during the early 1900s, pellagra was first thought to be an infectious disease. Today we know that it is caused by a deficiency of

niacin

five behaviors known to increase risk for chronic disease are

not consuming enough fruits and veggies, being overweight, a sedentary life, tobacco use, alcohol abuse, not partaking in important medical care (flu shots or screening exams)

The characteristics of a healthful diet include

nutrient density and variety

What is the primary link between poor nutrition and higher mortality rates?

obesity

Carbohydrates

organic and provide 4 kilocalories per gram

fats (lipids)

organic and provide 9 kilocalories per gram

vitamins

organic but don't provide any kilocalories per gram

Servings in the proteins group of the USDA Food Patterns are represented in

ounce equivalents

Cell membranes are primarily composed of two layers of

phospholipids

Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the student names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants knows who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is BEST described as

placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized.

proteins

provide 4 kilocalories per gram

Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)

range of intakes of nutrients that fall below a maximum level which has potential to increase risk for chronic disease while providing enough nutrition to maintain good health in an individual

Adequate Intake (AI)

recommended intake of nutrients daily; based on observation and experiments on healthy people

One of the earliest developments in the field of nutrition linking nutritional deficiency to illness was the discovery that eating citrus fruits prevents

scurvy

sensory data that causes people to eat

sight, smell, taste, texture, and sound

Bile is released into which body organ in response to the consumption of fat?

small intestine

four appropriate and practical recommendations for eating out healthfully

split a meal with someone in order to reduce your portion size, do not feel pressured into eating everything you are served as restaurants portions are not ideal serving sizes, try to avoid fried food, avoid all you can eat style restaurants

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

the average daily intake level required to meet the needs of 97-98% of what healthy people require at a particular life stage or gender

Colorectal cancer is

the third most common cancer in men and women

The chemical environment of the stomach is

very acidic

Peristalsis that begins in the small intestine and surges upwards results in

vomiting

nutrient dense grains

whole grain bread, whole grain pasta, brown rice