Nutrition Exam 2

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? High intakes of vitamin C Asian ancestry Increasing age Low income level

Increasing age

Paige is 6 weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with ________. cirrhotic liver disease Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder pancreatic cancer

a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Camden likes to drink a beverage that is made with maple syrup, fruit juice concentrate, aspartame, and molasses. Which of these ingredients does not contain a form of sugar? Maple syrup Aspartame Molasses Fruit juice concentrate

Aspartame

Devon adds a little salt to a pot of water before he boils the water to cook pasta. When added to the water, the salt is a ________. diffuser solute buffer solvent

solute

Table sugar is nearly ________ carbohydrate. 25% 50% 75% 100%

100%

Which of the following statements is true? Food fat is not asource of essential nutrients. Fat contributes to the flavor of foods. Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the ________ system. nervous integumentary urinary circulatory

circulatory

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________. ileum colon duodenum jejunum

duodenum

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant. When trying to determine the role of the chemical, the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves. She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism. Based on this information, the new chemical is a (an) ________. solution enzyme sphincter ileum

enzyme

An ________ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction. organelle anion enzyme acid

enzyme

A healthy person has vast numbers of different kinds of bacteria living in his or her stomach. True False

false

A mitochondrion is a type of cell found in the human body. True False

false

DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C. True False

false

Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics. True False

false

Protons carry negative charges. True False

false

Stick margarine is one of the main sources of cholesterol in the typical American's diet. True False

false

Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells. enzymes hormones bonds lacteals

hormones

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines? Cystic fibrosis Crohn's disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Peptic ulcer

Crohn's disease

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers? E. coli S. aureus H. pylori C.botulinum

H. pylori

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? LDL HDL Insoluble fiber Insulin

HDL

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ________ on each product's label. Nutrition Facts panel structure/functions claims list of ingredients country of origin information

Nutrition Facts panel

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load? Baked Russet potato Plain white bagel Medium grain, boiled white rice Plain microwave popcorn

Plain microwave popcorn

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood. Based on this information, the substance is ________. egg white black coffee lemon juice milk of magnesia

black coffee

Ulcerative colitis is a temporary condition that develops after the large intestine is surgically removed. True False

false

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________. fatty acid amino acid sterol phospholipid

fatty acid

Triglycerides have ________ in their chemical structures. glucosepolymers nitrogen andsulfur fatty acids amino acids

fatty acids

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________. test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart have a chest x-ray

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________. European ancestry high blood levels of LDL cholesterol physically active lifestyle low blood pressure

high blood levels of LDL cholesterol

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach? Salivaryamylase Hydrochloric acid Bile

hydrochloride acid

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should ______. reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables increase her intake of fiber-rich foods use colon cleansing enemas daily restrict her fluid intake

increase her intake of fiber-rich foods

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________. ability to digest proteins is reduced intestinal tract does not absorb much fat lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine hepatic portal vein can rupture

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

A (An) ________ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge. enzyme diatom solvent ion

ion

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________. learning ways to manage stress effectively moving to a drier climate having the lower third of the colon removed reducing physical activity

learning was to manage stress effectively

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? Liver Pituitary Pancreas Gallbladder

pancreas

Which of the following statements is false? The sense of smellcontributes to the sense of taste. Mucus protects thelining of the stomach. Some absorption ofalcohol occurs in the stomach. Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat

A 10-month-old baby whose diet is low in fat has ________, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency. poor growth sleep apnea arterial plaque heart failure

poor growth

Glucagon ______. helps glucose enter cells stimulates cells to store glucose as glycogen raises blood glucose levels increases the metabolic rate

raises blood glucose levels

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and ________. lying down after meals taking antidepressant medication having the lower third of the colon removed reducing physical activity

taking antidepressant medication

A mitochondrion is a type of organelle that is in human cells. True False

true

Human cells can convert linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, to arachidonic acid. true False

true

Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria. True false

true

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add? Citrus fruits Red meats Margarine White bread

Citrus fruits

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Vanilla, low-fat ice cream Baked Russet potato Raw apple slices Peanuts

Baked Russet potato

________ is a mineral nutrient. Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Iron

iron

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Canned salmon Whole-wheat bread Fried chicken Roast beef

Canned salmon

When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select? Unsaltedbutter Partially hydrogenated shortening Coconut oil Canola oil

Canola oil

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids? Baked chicken Canola oil Green beans Corn oil

Canola oil

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Broccoli Peanuts Sunflower seeds Chicken

Chicken

Bill has type 1 diabetes. What step can he take to reduce the likelihood that he develops hypoglycemia? Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis Give himself insulin injections whenever he feels hungry Take a daily dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins Eat one large meal per day, in the morning, if possible

Eat meals and snacks that contain carbohydrate on a regular basis

Which of the following statements is true? People who haveexcess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2diabetes. To remainhealthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140mg/dl. A healthy person'shemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%. Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily Exercising daily Taking vitamin C supplements

Exercising daily

A gram of sugar supplies more than twice the energy that is supplied by a gram of starch. True False

False

Electrons are small, positively charged particles that surround the nucleus of a cell. True False

False

Lipids present in foods interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption. True False

False

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Waist circumference that is 32 inches Body temperature that is over 101°F Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrate per 4-ounce serving? Ham slice Fat-free milk Baked chicken Canned tuna

Fat-free milk

Bryan has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this chronic disease? Frequent urination Fever Chills Chest pains

Frequent urination

Which of the following statements is true? Alcohol is storedin body fat. The pancreas isthe primary site for alcohol metabolism. In the UnitedStates, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adultdrivers. Rapid heart rateis a sign of alcohol poisoning.

In the UnitedStates, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adultdrivers.

Which of the following statements about food labels is true? Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label. The list ofingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars. Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel. The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.

Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes? Gaining an unexpected amount of weight Having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl Losing weight despite increased food intake Urinating less frequently than usual

Losing weight despite increased food intake

Mark has type 2 diabetes. For the past two weeks, his fasting blood glucose level has been below 130 mg/dl. Today, Mark's physician tested his blood. Although the fasting value was 125 mg/dl, she reported that he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level. Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Mark? Mark is losingweight rapidly. Mark's bloodpressure is too low. Mark's HbA1c is 8.5. Mark's blood pressure is too high

Mark's HbA1c is 8.5.

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal Fat-free chocolate milk Lean beef American processed cheese food

Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol? Green beans Roast pork Ripe banana White potato

Roast pork

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Starch High-fructose corn syrup Glucose Carbon dioxide

Starch

________ acid is an essential fatty acid. Stearic Linoleic Palmitic Lauric

Stearic & Palmitic

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Low body fat Male gender Household income Vitamin D intake

Vitamin D intake

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic? Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus Fresh lean meat Breads and cereals made from refined enriched wheat flour Eggs laid by hens that consume organic feed

Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. above within below More informationabout Phyllis's omega-6 intake is needed to answer this question.

above

Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should ________. limit their alcohol consumption to beer mix distilled alcohol with fruit juice before consuming it avoid all forms of alcohol drink alcohol only with meals

avoid all forms of alcohol

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________. fluid ounce of black coffee baking soda solution cup of lemon juice tablespoon of fat-free milk

baking soda solution

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics? Berries Eggs Yogurt Butter

berries

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? Bile Hydrochloricacid Mucus Gastric juice

bile

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Sodium Potassium Bile

biotin

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________. solvents salts bonds bases

bonds

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________. production of red blood cells transmission of nervous impulses destruction of toxic metabolic by-products breakdown of food into nutrients

break down of food into nutrients

Brett eats ________ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids. baked beans whole-wheatbread fresh strawberries canned sardines

canned sardines

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism. cell atom mitochondrion organelle

cell

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________. colon and rectal cancer arthritis and low blood pressure vitamin D and A toxicity syndromes essential fatty acid deficiency and cystic fibrosis

colon and rectal cancer

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an) ________. excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning

Phil has type 1 diabetes and gives himself insulin injections to help manage his blood glucose level. One afternoon, Phil tested his blood and discovered that his blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl. Based on this information, Phil should _______. consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level do nothing to intervene, because his blood glucose level is normal give himself an extra injection of insulin do not eat anything for the next 5 hours, which will provide time for his blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally

consume 15 grams of glucose in a pill or gel to increase his blood glucose level

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together. high-fructose corn syrup egg yolks whey protein fruit juice

egg yolks

An ________ is an ion that can conduct electricity. enzyme amp electrolyte atom

electrolyte

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________. compounds elements solvents bases

elements

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________. compounds elements electrons organelles

elements

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions? Breakdown of largefood molecules within the lumen of the small intestine Enlargement ofmuscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise Loss of body fatduring a week of starvation The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts

enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise

When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic. True False

false

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to ______. give birth to a baby that has birth defects have a lower risk of gestational hypertension require more vitamin D, calcium, and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should _______. consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin C give herself a specific dose of insulin

give herself a specific dose of insulin

Max wants to limit the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should _______. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks encourage the child to consume more energy drinks

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of ________ molecules. fructose glucose mannose lactose

glucose

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she ________. has trouble tasting food digests food too rapidly cannot tolerate eating cold foods develops numerous stomach ulcers

has trouble tasting food

Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid ________. is less likely to undergo oxidation contains no double bonds has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight is comprised of glucose molecules

is less likely to undergo oxidation

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine. ileum colon jejunum duodenum

jejunum

Feces form in the ________. lower stomach lower esophageal sphincter large intestine pyloric valve

large intestine

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness. absorb vitaminsmore rapidly digest proteinsmore efficiently lose weight rapidly develop gallstones

lose weight rapidly

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________. have a glass of wine with dinner eat peppermint candy after meals drink chocolate milk shakes with meals lose excess body fat

loss excess body fat

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. metabolic syndrome cystic fibrosis diverticulitis constipation

metabolic syndrome

________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Anatomy Chyme Metabolism Homeostasis

metabolism

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Bone growth that occurs during adolescence Muscle mass enlargement that occurs after lifting weights Weight gain that occurs after 3 weeks of overeating Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________. not worry, because she is not constipated take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation consult her physician to determine why she is constipated

not worry because she is not constipated

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________. raw egg white teaspoon of lemon juice 5-ounce serving of red wine cup of black coffee

raw egg white

Franklin wants to limit his added sugar intake. He should ________. replace energy drinks with unsweetened tea consume more refined sources of carbohydrates increase his intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup decrease his intake of polysaccharides

replace energy drinks with unsweetened tea

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________. diffusion solute buffer solvent

solute

an sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is _______. lactose sucrose galactose maltose

sucrose

Humans do not make intestinal enzymes that digest the dietary fiber cellulose. true False

true

The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions. True False

true

While at a bar, Jake drank 3 ounces of whiskey. Based on this information, Jake consumed about the same amount of alcohol that is in ________ 12-oz cans of regular beer. two three four five

two

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system. urinary cardiovascular endocrine integumentary

urinary

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________. has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements digests foods too quickly uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods must eat refined functional foods

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her food

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. villi arteries neurons lacteals

villi

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. walnuts coconut oil cheddar cheese bread cubes

walnuts

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Weight loss as a result of starvation Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights Weight gain as a result of overeating Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty

weight loss as a result of starvation