Nutrition Exam 2

This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.

120

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

Baked potato

The ________ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

Bioavailability

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by ________.

Bonds

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

Brown rice

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

Cell

Which of the following statements is true? A.) Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. B.) Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. C.) Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease. D.) The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

D.) The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________.

Gallstones

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of ________ molecules.

Glucose

Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells.

Hormones

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

________ is a mineral nutrient.

Iron

________ is the disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule.

Lactose

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

Lose weight rapidly

________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

Mouth

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?

Ready-to-eat oatmeal cereal

To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep, then removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea, the sugar is a ________.

Solute

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a (an) ________.

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning

Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________.

digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen.

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells.

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has ________.

irritable bowel syndrome

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has

lactose intolerance.

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared milk-based beverage. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, molasses, vegetable oil, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The ________ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrate.

molasses, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup